UNCTAD/ITCD/TSB/2003/1
The African Growth and Opportunity Act:
A Preliminary Assessment
A report prepared for the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development
UNITED NATIONS
New York and Geneva, April 2003
ii
Note
The descriptions and classification of countries and territories in this report and the arrangement of
material do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Secretariat of the
United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area, or of its authorities,
or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries, or regarding its economic system or
degree of development.
iii
Contents
Introduction…………………………………………………………………………………...
The place of special and differential treatment in US trade policy…………………………...
Implementation of AGOA………………………………………………………………….…
The designation of products……...………………………………………………………..
The designation of countries……………...…………………………………………….….
Initial and potential results of the AGOA………………………………………………….….
1
2
7
7
8
9
Tables
Table 1:
Table 2:
Table 3:
Table 4:
Table 5:
Table 6:
Table 7:
Table 8:
The hierarchy of preferences in the US trade regime…….……………………
US imports of non-oil, non-apparel products from selected partners
by tariff treatment of the exporting country or group, 1991−2001………….…
US imports of apparel products from selected partners by tariff and
quota treatment of the exporting country or group, 1991−0021…………….…
Past status and current status of sub-Saharan African countries
under AGOA…………………………………………………………………...
Composition of US imports from all sub-Saharan African countries,
2001…………………………………………………………………………….
Top 25 US imports from all sub-Saharan African countries,
2001…………………………………………………………………………….
Tariff treatment of principal US imports from sub-Saharan Africa,
2001..…………………………………………………………………………...
Ratio of US imports to exports in the textile and apparel sector
with selected trading partners, 2001…………..…………………………….….
3
5
6
10
14
17
19
23
Figures
Figure 1:
Figure 2:
Share of US imports from AGOA countries enjoying preferences…………….
Tariffs on US imports from AGOA countries………………………………….
12
13
Appendix
Tariff treatment of the top US imports of products from sub-Saharan African
countries in 2001……………………………………………………………………………..
..
25
iv
Acknowledgement
This report was prepared by Mr. Craig VanGrasstek, President, VanGrasstek Communications,
Washington, DC. The opinions expressed in it are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect
the views of the UNCTAD secretariat.
1
Introduction
The African Growth and Opportunity Act (AGOA) was enacted into law as part of the Trade and
Development Act of 2000 (Public Law 106-200). It is the latest in a series of regional initiatives in
United States trade policy that are based on the general philosophy of “trade, not aid” as the chief
tool for promoting economic development. The intention is to offer trade preferences to the
beneficiary countries as a complement to foreign aid, and encourage them to adopt reforms in their
economic, investment and trade policies. The most immediate benefit that it extends to sub-Saharan
African countries is expanded product coverage under the Generalized System of Preferences (GSP),
as well as tariff- and quota-free exports of textile and apparel products to the United States. The
programme also contemplates the future negotiation of a free trade agreement (FTA) between the
United States and those countries, which would entail the exchange of reciprocal commitments
rather than the one-way preferences of AGOA, but not extend to the President the authority to
negotiate such an arrangement. Other provisions establish a higher priority for the region in US
foreign economic policy agencies, provide for closer coordination between the United States and
African countries, and increase aid and technical assistance.
AGOA has now been in place long enough for a very preliminary assessment of its impact to be
undertaken. President Clinton designated the first countries under the programme in October 2000,
and then designated products for AGOA treatment that December; the first shipments of duty-free
goods entered the United States in January 2001. While it may take several years before sufficient
data are available to conduct a comprehensive review of the programme’s duty- and quota-free
treatment for the beneficiary countries, we now have enough information to make provisional
judgements.
Two US government agencies have already offered preliminary assessments of AGOA’s impact.
The AGOA statute requires that the President submit to Congress a comprehensive annual report on
the operation of the programme. This report is the responsibility of the Office of the United States
Trade Representative (USTR), which asked in 2000 that the United States International Trade
Commission (USITC) produce annual reports for five years on this topic. The USITC issued its
second annual report in December 2001,1 while the USTR issued its most recent AGOA report in
May 2002.2 Both of these reports offer a wealth of information on specific steps taken to implement
the programme, as well as data on the trade flows over the past few years. However, they do not
necessarily exhaust the analytical possibilities. The USTR report is issued by an agency that is
charged with both promoting and implementing the initiative, a point that may explain the “spin” it
gives to some facts.3 The USITC report provides a great deal of data on tariff rates and trade flows,
but reaches no firm conclusions regarding the relationship between them.
1
US Trade and Investment with Sub-Saharan Africa — Second Annual Report, USITC Publication 3476 (Washington,
DC: USITC, 2001).
2
2002 Comprehensive Report on US Trade and Investment Policy Toward Sub-Saharan Africa and Implementation of
the African Growth and Opportunity Act (Washington, DC: USTR, 2002), hereinafter cited as “USTR, 2002 AGOA
Report”.
3
For example, the first empirical observation in the report is that “US imports from sub-Saharan Africa have increased
61.5 percent over the last two years” (p. 1). While true, this statement glosses over the fact (noted 23 pages later) that
these imports declined by 9.3 per cent during 2001. Neither the increase in 1999−2000 nor the decrease in 2000−2001
should be attributed post hoc ergo propter hoc to AGOA.
2
The purpose of the present report is to offer an early assessment of the utility of the AGOA tariff
preferences as an instrument of special and differential (S&D) treatment for the beneficiary
countries. The objective here is neither to praise nor to condemn AGOA, but instead to reach
quantifiable conclusions regarding its actual utility for the exporting countries. The report does so
first by examining the general trends in the S&D treatment that the United States extends to
developing countries, and then by placing AGOA in this broader context. The overall thesis of this
analysis can be summarized as follows: tariff preferences in general offer a relatively small and
declining margin of preference to developing countries, and the additional benefits of the AGOA
preferences represent a modest expansion over the preferential treatment that sub-Saharan countries
already enjoyed under the GSP. There are exceptions to this general rule, both for specific countries
and for products, but the general pattern is clear. Apart from the textile and apparel sector, where
substantial trade barriers imply equally substantial margins of preference for AGOA beneficiary
countries, the programme’s duty-free benefits appear to offer only a slight improvement over the
status quo for most African exports. That point is especially true for those countries that have
already enjoyed duty-free access to the US market for virtually all of their non-textile exports. Even
in the case of textile and apparel exports, the global quota regime suggests that the benefits extended
under AGOA are time-bound.
These observations suggest that the non-tariff aspects of the programme may ultimately be much
more important to the beneficiary countries than are the tariff preferences per se. Those features of
the AGOA fall outside the scope of the present analysis. For further information on the technical
assistance and other measures that various agencies of the US Government are providing to promote
reform in sub-Saharan African countries, see the USTR report.4
The place of special and differential treatment in US trade policy
AGOA does not extend wholly new or unique benefits to sub-Saharan African countries. On the
contrary, it is only the latest in a series of preferential arrangements with specific regions of the
developing world. As can be appreciated from the data in table 1, the US trade regime today is a
patchwork quilt of special programmes and agreements, in which those countries that receive only
“normal trade relations” (NTR) account for just over half of all US imports.5 Most sub-Saharan
African countries were already designated for benefits under the GSP when AGOA came into being,
and many of them also enjoyed the broader product coverage that is available to LDCs.6 The real
benefits of the programme thus need to be compared with the status of countries in US policy prior
to AGOA. The difference between AGOA status and ordinary NTR treatment may appear rather
wide, but the more appropriate comparison is between AGOA and GSP (either in its ordinary or
LDC versions).
4
See especially sections V (“Trade Capacity Building”) and VI (“Technical Assistance and Other AGOA-Related
Initiatives”) in USTR, 2002 AGOA Report.
5
In current US law and practice, the term “most favoured nation” (MFN) has been replaced by “normal trade relations.”
This change was made by law in 1998. From a practical perspective, there is no difference between NTR and MFN.
While “MFN” is the more appropriate term in WTO usage, we use “NTR” in most of this paper because this is primarily
an examination of US law and policy.
6
The pre-AGOA status of specific countries under the GSP is set out in table 4.
3
Table 1
The hierarchy of preferences in the US trade regime
Listed in declining order of preference; shares of 2001 imports from a total of $1,132.6 billion
Share of
total US
imports
Average
tariff on
imports
Share
enjoying
preferences
31.7%
0.1%
54.8%
0.8%
0.7%
46.6%
1.8%
2.8%
41.1%
0.8%
1.5%
19.4%
9.8%
3.6%
14.1%
53.9%
2.2%
0.0%
<0.1%
35.1%
0.0%
0.4%
0.3%
0.0%
100.0%
1.6%
22.1%
Reciprocal preferences
Free trade
Agreements
(FTA)
Canada, Israel, Jordan and Mexico enjoy
comprehensive duty-free access
Non-reciprocal regional preferences
African Growth
and Opportunity
Act
(AGOA)
Caribbean Basin
Initiative
(CBI)
Andean Trade
Preferences Act
(ATPA)
Sub-Saharan African countries enjoy
duty-free access for nearly all goods;
some also have duty- and quota-free
access for textiles and apparel
Central America and Caribbean countries
enjoy duty-free for most goods, and
“NAFTA parity” for all others
Four Andean countries enjoy duty-free
access for most goods (this expired in
late 2001 but may be renewed soon)
Non-reciprocal global preferences
Generalized
System of
Preferences
(GSP)
Beneficiaries enjoy duty-free access for
some goods, but many items are
excluded; product coverage is wider for
the least developed countries
Non-preferential treatment
Normal trade
relations (NTR)
Denied NTR
Trade embargo
World
Formerly known as most favoured nation
(MFN); NTR for some Communist or
transitional economies is conditional
upon their emigration practices
Cuba, the Lao People's Democratic
Republic and the Democratic People's
Republic of Korea are subject to nonNTR rates
Iraq and the Islamic Republic of Iran
receive NTR treatment but are subject to
partial trade embargoes
Note: Except for countries that are subject to trade embargoes, imports from a country are counted in the category
representing the most favourable treatment that it receives. For example, imports from AGOA, ATPA and CBI
countries are classified here under those programmes even though they are also eligible for GSP treatment.
Source: Classifications from the Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United States (2002). Trade data calculated from
the USITC's trade database.
4
AGOA is in the second tier of preferential treatment, below free trade agreements but above the
GSP. Its main shortcomings vis-à-vis an FTA is that there are a few products that AGOA does not
cover and the benefits are not permanent. AGOA is one of three regional preferential programmes
that are more generous than the GSP, insofar as they each cover a wider range of products than the
GSP and are not restricted by that programme’s limitations (e.g. “competitive need” limits on
specific products from specific countries). AGOA appears to be the most comprehensive of the three
regional programmes in its actual utilization. A higher share of imports from AGOA countries
entered the United States on a preferential basis in 2001 than did imports from the beneficiary
countries of the Caribbean Basin and Andean programmes, and the average tariff rate on total US
imports from AGOA countries was below 1 per cent.
The figures in table 1 give only the grossest data about the actual use of these programmes, and do
not tell us whether they stimulate any additional trade between the United States and the beneficiary
countries. We do not yet have enough time-series data on US imports under AGOA to reach
definitive conclusions on this point, but the experiences with other preferential agreements and
programmes offer useful guidance. As shown in table 2, the data do not support a strong link
between preferences and export performance. The table summarizes the changes in US imports of
non-oil, 7 non-apparel8 products from major partners during 1991−2001. If preferential tariff
treatment were a major determinant of success in export competition, we would expect to find a tight
correlation between the degree of preferences and the rate of growth in exports. The data show no
such pattern. While both Canada and Mexico enjoyed nearly complete duty-free access to the US
market during this period, the growth in Canada’s exports to the US market was below the world
average, while Mexico was well above. Among developing countries, one would expect the
beneficiaries of the Caribbean Basin Initiative (CBI) and the Andean Trade Preferences Act (ATPA)
to do much better than countries that enjoy the much less generous benefits of the GSP; the same
should be true for the beneficiaries of the special GSP programme for LDCs. Quite to the contrary,
however, imports from the CBI, ATPA and LDC countries grew at a much slower rate than imports
from the world as a whole, while the ordinary GSP beneficiary countries slightly outperformed the
world average. And how can one explain the wide range of experience among the countries enjoying
no preferences at all? Japan greatly underperformed the global average, the European Union
approximated it and China beat it by a vast margin. That observation is especially troublesome when
one considers that China exports more high-tariff goods such as textiles and footwear than do Japan
and the European Union; if tariff rates determined export performance, China should have performed
poorly by comparison with Japan and the European Union.
The only conclusion that one can reliably draw from table 2 is that countries’ performances in
exports to the United States over the past decade were not determined by the tariff treatment that
they received. The data instead hint at a more intriguing possibility: export performance correlates
with economic reforms in the exporting country. In North America, for example, Mexico has
undergone much more significant reforms over the past decade than has Canada. This has helped to
stimulate foreign investment and trade. The same pattern is discernible among countries that have
only NTR access to the US market. China has made significant progress towards a market-oriented
7
The table excludes data on crude oil and natural gas in order to eliminate a major source of price volatility. Note also
that the US tariffs on these products are very low, and so the potential benefits of preferential treatment are slight.
8
Apparel trade is summarized in table 3.
5
economy over the last decade, and its exports to the United States have soared. The European Union
underwent no major changes, and its exports grew at a normal pace while Japan stagnated, as did its
exports. Proving or disproving a linkage between reforms and export performance is a task well
outside the scope of this study, but the suggested pattern is nonetheless interesting.
Table 2
US imports of non-oil, non-apparel products from selected partners
by tariff treatment of the exporting country or group, 1991−2001
Millions of current dollars, imports for consumption, customs value
Full duty-free access*
Canada
Mexico
Substantial duty-free access
CBI beneficiary countries
ATPA beneficiary countries
LDC GSP beneficiary countries
Limited duty-free access
GSP beneficiary countries**
No duty-free access
European Union
Japan
China
World
1991
2001
Increase
Departure
from norm
82,950
24,507
187,961
113,329
126.6%
362.4%
-13.2
+222.6
5,148
3,405
757
10,290
6,943
1,010
99.9%
103.9%
33.4%
-39.9
-35.9
-106.4
35,313
86,921
146.1%
+6.3
89,084
90,986
14,200
413,960
214,748
125,986
92,029
992,786
141.1%
38.5%
548.1%
139.8%
+1.3
-101.3
+408.3
—
* Canada’s duty-free treatment was phased in during 1989−1998; Mexico’s phase-in began in 1994 and is still under
way.
** This category excludes data for those GSP beneficiary countries listed in the CBI, ATPA or LDC GSP categories.
Note: The data exclude all items in SIC categories 13 (natural gas and crude oil) and 23 (apparel and related items).
Source: Calculated from USITC data.
The observations in table 2 come as no surprise when one considers the inherent limitations of tariff
preferences. As a general rule, we would expect the power of a preferential programme to be
proportional to the magnitude of the protective barriers that it overcomes. A programme that allows
countries to bypass a high tariff wall should thus be very helpful. Conversely, tariff preferences will
not be very effective when average rates of duty are relatively low and declining. As was shown in
table 1, the average US tariff rate on all imports in 2001 was a mere 1.6 per cent. Even when one
focuses solely on imports from countries that receive NTR treatment without any form of
preferences, the average tariff was only 2.2 per cent. This suggests that, on average, the margins of
preference extended by these programmes will be modest. That point is doubly true for the GSP,
insofar as that programme excludes many of the sectors that are subject to relatively high NTR tariff
rates (notably textiles, apparel and footwear).
6
Table 3
US imports of apparel products from selected partners by tariff
and quota treatment of the exporting country or group, 1991−2001
Millions of current dollars, imports for consumption, customs value
Duty-free & quota-free access
Canada
Mexico
Dutiable but quota-free access
CBI beneficiary countries
Dutiable & subject to quota
China
Hong Kong (China)
Rep. of Korea
World
1991
2001
Increase
Departure
from norm
377
1,487
1,960
9,021
419.9%
506.7%
+274.6
+361.4
2,548
9,374
267.9%
+122.6
4,099
4,015
2,800
27,376
9,951
4,312
2,244
67,160
142.8%
7.4%
-19.9%
145.3%
-2.5
-137.9
-165.2
—
Source: Calculated from USITC data.
While tariff preferences are generally limited, preferential quota treatment can extend substantial
benefits. Economic theory holds that ceteris paribus quotas are more restrictive than tariffs. This
naturally implies that preferential quota treatment will be a much more effective form of S&D
treatment than preferential tariff treatment. The data in table 3 offer strong support for the contention
that preferential quota treatment is indeed beneficial. Over the period 1991−2001, total US imports
of apparel products increased by 145.3 per cent. The rate of increase was about three times greater
for the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) partners, a fact that can be attributed to the
combined quota and tariff preferences that they enjoyed. During most of this period the CBI
beneficiary countries enjoyed quota but not tariff preferences. 9 Their rate of growth was not as
impressive as that of the NAFTA countries, but was nevertheless almost twice as high as the global
average. The largest suppliers of these products to the United States, most notably China, found their
export growth impeded by the quotas.
These observations suggest that AGOA’s duty- and quota-free treatment for textile and apparel
imports could be very beneficial. However, even this favourable conclusion must be qualified in
three important respects. First, relief from quota restrictions does not represent a change in the status
quo for most sub-Saharan African countries. 10 There had been a hypothetical possibility that quotas
might be imposed on textile and apparel imports from other countries in the region, but prior to
9
Starting in 2001, these countries have also enjoyed “NAFTA parity” in the application of US tariffs on textile and
apparel products.
10
In 1997 the USITC estimated that quota-free treatment would not have a very significant impact, given the fact that
only two countries were then subject to quotas. It found that US imports of apparel from the region would increase
between 0.4 and 0.6 per cent. It further calculated that if both quotas and tariffs on US imports of apparel were
eliminated, imports of apparel from the region would increase by 26.4 to 45.9 per cent. Imports of duty- and quota-free
textiles would increase by 10.5−16.8 per cent. USIC, Likely Impact of Providing Quota-Free and Duty-Free Entry to
Textiles and Apparel from Sub-Saharan Africa, USITC Publication 3056 (Washington, DC: USITC, 1997), pp. 3−10.
7
AGOA only Kenya and Mauritius were subject to such restrictions. Second, the value of quota-free
treatment will disappear when there are no more quotas. The Multifibre Arrangement quota regime
is scheduled to vanish altogether by the year 2005,11 after which time the only protection in major
import markets will be tariffs and the contingent measures of trade-remedy laws (e.g. safeguards and
anti-dumping duties). This means that the prospects for preferential quota treatment are evaporating
as well. After 2005, AGOA beneficiaries will still enjoy tariff preferences but will be on a “level
playing field” as far as quotas are concerned. It is possible that after 2005 there will be a major
consolidation of the global textile and apparel industry. Even preferential tariff treatment may not
offer sufficient preferential advantages to ensure the export competitiveness and economic survival
of some producers. Third, the preferences that AGOA countries enjoy are conditional upon their
meeting strict rules of origin. The significance of this last point is explored in greater depth later in
this analysis.
Implementation of AGOA
AGOA has the potential to eliminate all duties on all products that the United States imports from all
sub-Saharan African countries. Viewed in the abstract, the benefits of the AGOA may sound
extremely generous. The available data nevertheless suggest that, for most countries in the region,
the net impact is likely to be small for non-textile products. That was certainly the experience of US
trading partners in the Caribbean Basin and the Andean countries. Policy makers in these regions
were disappointed after the CBI and ATPA programmes had been in effect for a few years but failed
to produce major increases in US imports. Their disappointment should have been tempered by a
more informed appreciation of the limited margins of preference that can be had in an environment
of generally low trade barriers. Sub-Saharan African countries would be well advised to bear this
same point in mind when assessing the probable effects of AGOA. The actual benefits of the
programme will vary by both country and product, as discussed below, but as a general rule the
beneficiaries should not expect this programme to represent a vast improvement in the terms of their
access to the US market.
The designation of products
Although the programme contemplates the extension of duty-free treatment to virtually all products
that do not currently receive open access to the US market, there is one important qualification. The
law permits the President to designate to AGOA only those products that are determined not to be
“import-sensitive in the context of imports from beneficiary sub-Saharan African countries”.
Following reviews by the USTR and the USITC, President Clinton proclaimed the list of AGOAeligible products in December 2000.12 The proclamation provided AGOA treatment for 1,835 items,
which represented an apparently considerable increase over the 4,650 products that were already
eligible for duty-free treatment under the GSP.13
The results of the product-designation process can be seen in either a positive or a negative light.
11
The terms of China’s accession to the WTO call for the quotas on its textile and apparel products to be phased out
over a longer period.
12
Proclamation 7388 of 18 December 2000, “To Modify Duty-Free Treatment under the Generalized System of
Preferences for Sub-Saharan African Countries and for Other Purposes”, Federal Register, Vol. 65, No. 246 (21
December 2000), pp. 80723−80732.
13 USTR, 2002 AGOA Report, p. 16.
8
The good news is that this review eliminated almost no products of interest to AGOA countries.
When one looks product by product at the leading imports from all 48 of the potential beneficiary
countries, there is only one product currently imported from one country that is not eligible for dutyfree treatment: refined sugar from Swaziland. This item accounted for a negligible share of US
imports from that country in 2001.14 The bad news is that the net result of the process is not
significantly different from the treatment extended to LDCs under the GSP. Except for textile and
apparel products, virtually all dutiable items that the United States currently imports from subSaharan LDCs were already eligible for duty-free treatment under the GSP. In fact, among the
leading imports from sub-Saharan African countries in 2001 there was only one item newly
designated for the AGOA that would not have been eligible for duty-free GSP treatment when
imported from an LDC: certain watches imported from the Republic of the Congo.15 This means that
little scope was left for additional preferences under AGOA for 30 out of the 48 countries eligible
for designation to AGOA. Conversely, the programme is potentially much more significant for the
18 non-LDC countries in the region.
The designation of countries
AGOA benefits are not automatically extended to all the countries that are eligible. AGOA
establishes a series of eligibility criteria that countries must meet for designation to the programme,
and also provides for the removal of countries that are later found to be not in compliance with the
requirements. The decision on the designation of individual countries is the responsibility of the
President, advised in this task by the USTR and the inter-agency Trade Policy Staff Committee. Two
of the eligibility criteria are stated in a negative fashion, requiring that a country not “engage in
activities that undermine United States national security or foreign policy interests” or “engage in
gross violations of internationally recognized human rights or provide support for acts of
international terrorism and cooperat[e] in international efforts to eliminate human rights violations
and terrorist activities”. On a more positive note, designation is conditional upon findings that a
country “has established, or is making continual progress toward establishing” such things as “a
market-based economy,” “the rule of law” and “the elimination of barriers to United States trade and
investment”.
President Clinton issued a proclamation on 2 October 2000 designating 34 out of 48 sub-Saharan
African countries as beneficiary countries under AGOA. 16 President Bush later designated two other
countries — Côte d’Ivoire and Swaziland — in 2002. These designations were made only after
countries were found to be in compliance with the designation requirements for the programme,
which in some cases meant obtaining commitments by which countries agreed to make changes in
their economic or political practices. 17 One fourth of the four dozen potential AGOA beneficiaries
have not yet been designated for the programme. Three of them made no such request, and the
remaining nine countries were denied. The denials were variously based on findings related to
14
See table A-43 in the appendix to this report.
15
See table A-12 in the appendix to this report.
16 Proclamation 7350 of 2 October 2000, “To Implement the African Growth and Opportunity Act and to Designate
Eritrea as a Beneficiary Developing Country for Purposes of the Generalized System of Preferences”, Federal Register
Vol. 65, No. 193 (4 October 2000), pp. 59319−59327.
17
See USTR, 2002 AGOA Report, pages 34-36.
9
economic reforms, the rule of law, protection of human rights, labour rights, corruption, and other
matters.18
The status of countries under the programme, together with their prior status under the GSP, is
summarized in table 4. The table also distinguishes between “partial” and “full” AGOA benefits.
“Full” benefits are limited to those countries that have been certified as eligible for the programme’s
textile and apparel treatment. Benefits in this sector are available only if the country (a) adopts an
efficient visa system to guard against unlawful trans-shipment of such goods and the use of
counterfeit documents; and (b) enacts legislation or promulgates regulations that would permit US
Customs verification teams to have the access necessary to investigate allegations of trans-shipment
through the country. The law directs the President to deny benefits to any exporter that has engaged
in trans-shipment with respect to textile or apparel products from a beneficiary sub-Saharan African
country, and includes other enforcement provisions as well. 19 Twelve countries completed the
process of obtaining certification for textile and apparel benefits in 2001, and another five achieved
this status in 2002.20 Just over half of the 36 AGOA-designated countries are still limited to partial
benefits under the programme.
Initial and potential results of the AGOA
If one were to use the crudest measure of preferential treatment, AGOA benefits would appear to be
quite large. As shown in figure 1, the percentage of imports from AGOA countries that entered the
United States on a preferential basis has risen dramatically since the preferences entered into force.
During the 1990s, less than 10 per cent of US imports from the 36 countries — and sometimes
substantially less than 10 per cent — entered duty-free under the GSP. The share rose to 46.6 per
cent in 2001, and to 58.6 per cent in the first quarter of 2002. This is a deceptively simple measure,
however, and can be attributed in large measure to the preferential treatment that is now extended to
imports of low-tariff energy products from a handful of countries in the region. The United States
imported $7.6 billion worth of goods under AGOA in 2001, of which $3.7 billion was liquid natural
gas, $2.8 billion was crude oil and $271.5 million was refined petroleum products. All other
products accounted for less than 10 per cent of the total. 21 Oil is subject to a low tariff of either 5.25¢
or 10.5¢ per barrel, which amount to about 0.2−0.4 per cent ad valorem at recent prices. The
preponderance of energy products in US imports from the region greatly distorts all averages.
18
For the rationale behind each of the denials see the relevant country sections in USTR, 2002 AGOA Report.
19
The law directs the Customs Service to monitor, and report annually to Congress, on the effectiveness of certain anticircumvention systems and on measures taken by sub-Saharan African countries that export textiles or apparel to the
United States to prevent circumvention. It also authorizes the President to impose appropriate remedies, including
restrictions on or the removal of quota-free and duty-free treatment, in the event that textile and apparel articles from a
beneficiary sub-Saharan African country are being imported in such increased quantities as to cause serious damage (or
actual threat thereof) to the domestic industry producing like or directly competitive articles.
20
For further information on this aspect of the programme, see US Customs Service, What Every Member of the Trade
Community Should Know About: The African Growth and Opportunity Act (Washington, DC: USCS, 2001). See also
USTR, 2002 AGOA Report, pp. 17−21.
21
These numbers are calculated from USITC data.
10
Table 4
Past status and current status of sub-Saharan African countries under AGOA
Country
Prior GSP status
LDCs not designated for AGOA benefits
Angola
LDC beneficiary country
Burundi
LDC beneficiary country
Burkina Faso
LDC beneficiary country
Comoros*
LDC beneficiary country
Dem. Rep. of the
LDC beneficiary country
Congo
Equatorial Guinea
LDC beneficiary country
Gambia
LDC beneficiary country
Somalia*
LDC beneficiary country
Togo
LDC beneficiary country
LDCs with partial AGOA benefits
Benin
LDC beneficiary country
Cape Verde
LDC beneficiary country
Central African Rep.
LDC beneficiary country
Chad
LDC beneficiary country
Republic of the Congo LDC beneficiary country
Djibouti
LDC beneficiary country
Guinea
LDC beneficiary country
Guinea-Bissau
LDC beneficiary country
Mali
LDC beneficiary country
Niger
LDC beneficiary country
Rwanda
LDC beneficiary country
Sao Tome & Principe
LDC beneficiary country
Sierra Leone**
LDC beneficiary country
LDCs with full AGOA benefits
Ethiopia
LDC beneficiary country
Lesotho
LDC beneficiary country
Madagascar
LDC beneficiary country
Malawi
LDC beneficiary country
Mozambique
LDC beneficiary country
United Rep. of
LDC beneficiary country
Tanzania
Uganda
LDC beneficiary country
Zambia
LDC beneficiary country
AGOA
designation
Textile
certification
Not designated
Not designated
Not designated
Not designated
Not designated
Not certified
Not certified
Not certified
Not certified
Not certified
Not designated
Not designated
Not designated
Not designated
Not certified
Not certified
Not certified
Not certified
2 October 2000
2 October 2000
2 October 2000
2 October 2000
2 October 2000
2 October 2000
2 October 2000
2 October 2000
2 October 2000
2 October 2000
2 October 2000
2 October 2000
2 October 2000
Not certified
Not certified
Not certified
Not certified
Not certified
Not certified
Not certified
Not certified
Not certified
Not certified
Not certified
Not certified
Not certified
2 October 2000
2 October 2000
2 October 2000
2 October 2000
2 October 2000
2 October 2000
2 August 2001
23 April 2001
6 March 2001
15 August 2001
6 February 2002
4 February 2002
2 October 2000
2 October 2000
23 October 2001
17 December 2001
Continued next page
11
Continued from previous page
AGOA
designation
Textile
certification
GSP beneficiaries not designated for AGOA benefits
Zimbabwe
Beneficiary country
Not designated
Not certified
GSP beneficiaries with partial AGOA benefits
Côte d’Ivoire
Beneficiary country
Seychelles
Beneficiary country
16 May 2002
2 October 2000
Not certified
Not certified
2 October 2000
2 October 2000
2 October 2000
2 October 2000
2 October 2000
2 October 2000
2 October 2000
2 October 2000
17 January 2002
27 August 2001
1 March 2002
20 March 2002
18 January 2001
19 January 2001
3 December 2001
23 April 2002
7 March 2001
26 July 2001
Non-GSP beneficiaries not designated for AGOA benefits
Liberia
Not designated
Not designated
Sudan*
Not designated
Not designated
Not certified
Not certified
Non-GSP beneficiaries with partial AGOA benefits***
Eritrea
Designated in 2000
Gabon
Designated in 1999
Mauritania
Designated in 1999
Nigeria
Designated in 2000
Not certified
Not certified
Not certified
Not certified
Country
Prior GSP status
GSP beneficiaries with full AGOA benefits
Botswana
Beneficiary country
Cameroon
Beneficiary country
Ghana
Beneficiary country
Kenya
Beneficiary country
Mauritius
Beneficiary country
Namibia
Beneficiary country
Senegal
Beneficiary country
South Africa
Beneficiary country
Swaziland
Beneficiary country
*
**
***
2 October 2000
2 October 2000
2 October 2000
2 October 2000
This country expressed no interest in participating in the AGOA.
Sierra Leone has been designated as eligible, but an effective date of eligibility will be determined by the USTR
in conjunction with other agencies.
These countries were not designated for ordinary GSP benefits until recently.
12
Figure 1
Share of US imports from AGOA countries enjoying preferences
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002
Source: Calculated from USITC data. Data for 2002 based on January−March.
The averages shown in figure 2 are likewise distorted by the overwhelming importance of low-tariff
energy products in US imports from the region. Prior to AGOA, average US tariffs on imports from
these countries hovered in the range of 0.8−1.6 per cent, which is at or below the average for US
imports from all sources (see table 1). There was almost no difference between the average tariffs
imposed on non-preferential imports and those imposed on all imports. With AGOA in place, the
average tariff on all imports from the region has declined slightly.
The data in table 5 offer further details on the importance of oil and gas in US imports from the
region, as well as the relative significance of apparel products. Both of these sectors merit special
attention. Although oil and gas accounted for over half of all US imports from sub-Saharan African
countries in 2001, they originated in just eight of the region’s countries. Any observations on the
tariff treatment of these products are therefore irrelevant to the other 40 countries. AGOA is much
more significant for apparel products, because these items are exported by nearly all countries in the
region and because they are subject to relatively high tariff and quota barriers. Paradoxically, the
apparel products that account for a much smaller share of total US imports from the region may
account for a larger share of real preferences than does the oil and gas sector. This is due to the much
higher tariffs applied to apparel on an NTR basis, and hence the larger margins of preference.
13
Figure 2
Tariffs on US imports from AGOA countries
Average tariffs on US imports from 36 AGOA-designated countries
1.8%
1.6%
AVERAGE
ON NONIMPORT
1.4%
1.2%
1%
0.8%
0.6%
0.4%
AVERAGE
ON TOTAL
0.2%
0%
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002
Source: Calculated from USICT data. Data for 2002 based on January−March.
Simple measures such as a programme’s product coverage or average tariff rates are too crude to
offer much guidance on the value of preferences. A more sophisticated standard of judgement will
not just review the share of imports that enter duty-free, but will also take into account how the
programme departs from the status quo and the magnitude of the margins of preference that it
extends. This requires that we take into account the treatment that specific countries and products
received prior to the advent of the programme. Many of the products that the US imports from these
countries are already duty-free on an NTR basis, especially raw materials. Among the products that
are dutiable, many are subject to relatively low duties; the aforementioned case of crude oil is a
particularly significant example of this phenomenon. Moreover, nearly all of the beneficiaries of the
AGOA had already received GSP treatment, and most of them were also eligible for the broader
product coverage that is granted to LDCs. All of these points tend to militate against the conclusion
that the AGOA benefits will be substantial.
14
Table 5
Composition of US imports from all sub-Saharan African countries, 2001
Actual dollars, customs value, imports for consumption
Country
Oil exporters
Nigeria
Angola
Gabon
Congo (ROC)
Equatorial Guinea
Congo (DROC)
Cameroon
Côte d’Ivoire
Apparel exporters
Mauritius
Lesotho
South Africa
Madagascar
Kenya
Swaziland
Zimbabwe
Malawi
Botswana
Sierra Leone
Cape Verde
Ethiopia
Ghana
Zambia
Mozambique
Central African
Republic
Namibia
Somalia
United Rep. of
Tanzania
Guinea
Níger
Seychelles
Senegal
Mali
Gambia
Uganda
Oil & gas
Apparel
Other
Total
12,336,490,870
7,347,700,177
2,655,588,556
1,485,385,588
345,146,895
327,081,704
108,302,262
44,011,710
23,273,978
656,282
271,555
0
0
0
0
2,517
252,691
129,519
2,509,343,682
1,568,504,584
120,080,959
246,285,529
112,753,986
68,527,400
39,408,692
57,362,750
296,419,782
14,846,490,834
8,916,476,316
2,775,669,515
1,731,671,117
457,900,881
395,609,104
147,713,471
101,627,151
319,823,279
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
988,312,121
238,258,995
216,776,087
183,485,733
178,702,492
64,459,944
48,077,001
14,344,339
12,384,697
2,923,881
1,367,748
1,201,257
403,445
245,528
217,980
179,179
126,412
5,225,696,217
36,868,014
389,160
4,246,053,453
93,088,801
64,122,510
16,959,010
76,215,462
59,415,637
18,193,739
3,272,715
294,692
28,637,650
185,145,760
15,366,330
6,880,879
2,237,262
6,214,008,338
275,127,009
217,165,247
4,429,539,186
271,791,293
128,582,454
65,036,011
90,559,801
71,800,334
21,117,620
4,640,463
1,495,949
29,041,095
185,391,288
15,584,310
7,060,058
2,363,674
0
0
0
98,265
68,726
61,545
37,746,316
274,569
27,167,662
37,844,581
343,295
27,229,207
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
35,561
33,677
24,902
28,603
28,201
16,745
12,975
87,796,692
1,392,981
23,675,863
102,315,901
6,177,175
215,608
17,822,377
87,832,253
1,426,658
23,700,765
102,344,504
6,205,376
232,353
17,835,352
Continued next page
15
Continued from previous page
Country
Oil & gas
Apparel
Other
Total
Burkina Faso
Togo
Sudan
Benin
Liberia
Mauritania
Eritrea
Burundi
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
4,322
3,612
1,690
1,580
1,404
1,003
420
360
4,996,431
12,579,207
3,383,699
1,284,756
42,556,790
292,536
88,166
2,788,414
5,000,753
12,582,819
3,385,389
1,286,336
42,558,194
293,539
88,586
2,788,774
All other
Comoros
Rwanda
Chad
Djibouti
Sao Tome &
Principe
Guinea-Bissau
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
24,733,812
10,568,080
7,220,871
5,653,051
950,571
322,306
24,733,812
10,568,080
7,220,871
5,653,051
950,571
322,306
0
0
18,933
18,933
12,336,490,870
964,234,591
8,724,008,302
21,060,499,172
All sub-Saharan
Source: Calculated from USITC data.
An ideal analysis of AGOA’s potential impact on countries’ exports to the United States would be
based upon near-perfect knowledge of the exporters’ production, US barriers and the relationship
between them. To simplify, we might distinguish here between four general categories of goods:
1. Those items that countries already produce and export to the United States. These are
the easiest items to identify, as they can be found simply by reviewing US import data.
2. Those items that countries already produce and export, but do not ship in large
quantities to the United States. These additional items could be identified by comparing
a country’s export data with US import data.
3. Those items that countries already produce but do not export at all. Identification of
these products would require substantial information about current economic conditions
in a country.
4. Those items that countries do not yet produce but which represent industries that could
be developed through new investment. This is the most difficult category of goods to
identify, especially if one wishes to track the plans of domestic and foreign investors.22
Unfortunately, sufficient data do not exist to conduct a dynamic analysis that takes into account all
four product categories. For the purposes of this preliminary assessment we are confined to a static
analysis that is limited to the items in the first category. A more ambitious research project might
expand this analysis to take into account the second category, but it is doubtful that sufficient data
22
For statistical and anecdotal evidence on new US investment in the region, see USTR, 2002 AGOA Report, pp.
30−32.
16
could be assembled in most sub-Saharan African countries to conduct analyses that include the third
and especially the fourth categories.
The basic method here is based on three simple steps. First, we identify the principal products that
the United States imports from a beneficiary country. For the purposes of this analysis, these are
defined as the top 25 products on an eight-digit HTS basis; for most sub-Saharan African countries
that standard will capture at least 90 per cent of all products shipped to the United States. Second, we
determine for the exporting country the tariff treatment that each of these products received (a) prior
to AGOA and (b) under the country’s new status. At the crudest level, this means identifying the
duty-free coverage before and after designation. Third, we examine the margins of preference for
any items that are newly eligible for preferential treatment.
Table 6 undertakes such an analysis for all 48 of the sub-Saharan African countries, summarizing the
tariff treatment of the top 25 products that the United States imported from these countries in 2001.
The data show that 15 of the 25 products, accounting for nearly one fifth of the value of these
leading imports, were already duty-free on an NTR basis prior to AGOA. This means that neither the
AGOA nor any other preferential programme could offer any margin of preference in access to the
US market for these products. None of the top 25 products was eligible for duty-free treatment under
the ordinary GSP, but six of them (over three fourths by value) were eligible for duty-free treatment
under the GSP when imported from LDCs. The value of AGOA benefits here depends on a
country’s GSP status: coverage does not expand at all for LDCs, but goes from zero to 76.2 per cent
for all other beneficiary countries. None of the top 25 products were eligible for duty-free treatment
solely for AGOA beneficiaries. Three of the products representing 3.4 per cent of the value were in
the textile and apparel category, and are thus eligible for duty- and quota-free treatment only when
(a) they are imported from a country that has received certification for these benefits and (b) they
meet the AGOA rules of origin. A special category consists of US goods returned, which generally
means the value of US inputs included in items that are made in production-sharing operations. They
are duty-free.
The data in table 6 can be assessed in two ways. The crudest form of analysis is to assess the overall
expansion in duty-free coverage. If we were to treat this region as one large but ordinary GSP
beneficiary (i.e. not an LDC), 20.3 per cent of the value of its top 25 products already received dutyfree treatment pre-AGOA (i.e.19.0 per cent on an NTR basis, none under GSP and 1.3 per cent as
“special”). That figure rises to 96.5 per cent if the country is designated for partial AGOA benefits
(i.e. all of the items that had been eligible for duty-free treatment for LDC GSP countries are now
treated preferentially). Assuming that the country is also certified for textile and apparel benefits and
can meet the rules of origin requirements for these items, the duty-free coverage rises to 100 per
cent.23 In other words, for an ordinary GSP country that receives full AGOA benefits the coverage of
preferential treatment rises by 79.7 percentage points. On the face of it, that would appear to be a
very significant increase. The rise would not be nearly as great for an LDC, insofar as most of those
imports were already GSP-eligible before AGOA. For such a country, the only potential for
increased duty-free treatment comes in the textile and apparel sector.
23
Note that these numbers do not necessarily add up to 100 per cent owing to rounding errors.
17
Table 6
Top 25 US imports from all sub-Saharan African countries, 2001
Millions of dollars, customs value, imports for consumption
HTS item and description
Duty-free on NTR Basis (19.0% of top 25 products)
7110.11.00 Platinum, unwrought or in powder form
7110.21.00 Palladium, unwrought or in powder form
7102.31.00 Non-industrial diamonds, unworked
1801.00.00 Cocoa beans, whole or broken, raw or roasted
2713.11.00 Coke, petroleum, not calcined
7110.31.00 Rhodium, unwrought or in powder form
2711.29.00 Petroleum gases and other gaseous hydrocarbons
2711.11.00 Natural gas, liquefied
7102.39.00 Non-industrial diamonds, worked, not mounted or set
8421.39.40 Catalytic converters
2620.90.50 Slag over 40% titanium*
0905.00.00 Vanilla beans
2711.12.00 Propane, liquefied
2901.29.50 Unsaturated acyclic hydrocarbons
2606.00.00 Aluminium ores and concentrates
Duty-free for all GSP countries (0% of top 25 products)
Duty-free for LDC GSP countries (76.2% of top 25 products)
2709.00.20 Petroleum oils and oils from bituminous minerals
2710.00.05 Distillate and residual fuel oils from bitum. mins.*
2710.00.10 Distillate and residual fuel oils from bitum. mins.*
8703.24.00 Motor cars & vehicles
2710.00.25 Naphthas from petro. oils*
2710.00.45 Mixtures of hydrocarbons*
Duty-free only for AGOA countries (0% of top 25 products)
Imports
NTR tariff
3,394
802
404
340
247
225
218
183
176
170
166
140
90
88
77
68
Free
Free
Free
Free
Free
Free
Free
Free
Free
Free
Free
Free
Free
Free
Free
0
13,599
11,730
852
597
256
85
79
0
Textile & apparel (3.4% of top 25 products)
6110.20.20 Sweaters etc. of cotton
6203.42.40 Men’s or boys’ trousers and shorts
6204.62.40 Women’s or girls’ trousers etc. of cotton
214
202
196
Special (1.3% of top 25 products)
9801.00.10 US goods returned
238
Subtotal (top 25 products account for 84.7% of total)
All other
Total
10.5¢/bbl.
5.25¢/bbl.
10.5¢/bbl.
2.5%
10.5¢/bbl.
10.5¢/bbl.
17.3%
16.8%
16.8%
17,843
3,217
21,060
* Product for which the 2002 version of the HTS uses a somewhat different classification than was used in 2001.
18
It having been established which products might be transferred from dutiable to duty-free treatment,
the next step is to consider the margins of preference for these items. Let us once again assume that
the data in table 6 apply to imports from an ordinary GSP country. Six items are newly eligible for
duty-free treatment when that country receives partial AGOA benefits. Five of these items are in the
petroleum sector, and — as already reviewed above — tariffs in this sector are quite low. The 10.5¢
per tariff on HTS item 2709.00.20, for example, translates into a 0.42 per cent ad valorem tariff
when oil is valued at $25 per barrel. The other energy products are also subject to relatively low
tariffs. The only non-oil item in this category is certain motor cars; these are subject to a tariff of 2.5
per cent. That rate is slightly above the average US rate, but still confers a relatively low margin of
preference. In general, one can conclude that while these six products account for a large share of
US imports from the beneficiary countries, their new duty-free status extends small margins of
preference.
Things are quite different for the three textile and apparel products shown in table 6. Here the tariff
rates range between 16.8 and 17.3 per cent ad valorem, which are quite high by US standards.
Moreover, these items are at least hypothetically subject to quotas until 2005 when imported from
countries that do not have FTAs with the United States or receive preferential treatment under the
AGOA or CBI programs. We can therefore conclude that the AGOA benefits for these three
products are substantial, provided that the exporting country is certified for the benefits and meets
the programme’s rules of origin.
These observations suggest that the most important AGOA benefits are indeed in the textile and
apparel sector. Most of the other preferences were already in place for LDCs. Moreover, they tend to
be in product sectors that would otherwise be subject to relatively low tariffs and therefore confer
relatively low margins of preference.
The data presented in table 6 are region-wide, and the experience of individual countries under the
AGOA might vary considerably. This same exercise is therefore repeated for all 48 sub-Saharan
African countries in the Appendix 1. For each sub-Saharan country the analysis shows the top 25 US
imports in 2001 (or all imports if there were fewer than 25 items in United States imports from the
country), broken down according to the tariff status of the products. For example, table A-1
summarizes US imports from Angola. The overall pattern for this country is similar to what was
shown in table 6 for sub-Saharan Africa as a whole, with petroleum products predominating. As an
LDC, Angola already receives duty-free treatment for these items under the GSP. It has not yet been
designated for AGOA benefits, but the data in Table A-1 suggest that such designation would have
no consequences for the principal US imports from Angola. By contrast, the data for Benin in table
A-2 indicate that at least four products exported by that country could benefit if Benin is certified for
the textile and apparel provisions of AGOA.
Such country-by-country examinations can produce a mass of observations that it is difficult to
decipher. Table 7 helps to make sense of this mass by summarizing the overall results for countries,
grouped according to the categories already used in table 4. It must be stressed that this summary is
based solely on the product coverage of the programme with respect to countries and groups of
countries; it is still necessary to refer to the individual tables in the Appendix in order to examine the
tariff rates (and hence the margins of preference) for specific products. The summary nevertheless
brings out some useful points. First, the AGOA’s only significant benefits for LDCs are in the textile
and apparel provisions. As was already pointed out, there is only one LDC exporting only one nontextile product that was not previously eligible for duty-free treatment. About half of the LDCs in the
19
Table 7
Tariff treatment of principal US imports from sub-Saharan Africa, 2001
Lightly shaded areas show preferences that are newly granted through countries’ status under AGOA;
Darkly shaded areas show preferences that could be granted to countries under AGOA
NTR
Duty-free
GSP
LDCGSP
AGOA
only
Textiles &
apparel
LDCs not designated for AGOA benefits
Angola
0.2
0.0
99.6
0.0
Burundi
91.8
0.0
0.0
0.0
Burkina Faso
3.2
2.0
0.0
0.0
Comoros
99.7
0.0
0.0
0.0
Dem. Rep. of the
19.5
6.7
73.7
0.0
Congo
Equatorial Guinea
10.7
6.3
82.2
0.0
Gambia
49.2
9.6
12.1
0.0
Somalia
62.2
0.0
17.6
0.0
Togo
45.1
1.4
30.4
0.0
Simple average
42.4
2.9
35.1
0.0
Incremental gain in duty-free access — (1) thus far: 0.0%; (2) potentially: 5.8%.
LDCs with partial AGOA benefits
Benin
63.3
14.2
0.0
0.0
Cape Verde
1.9
5.8
11.8
0.0
Central African Rep.
88.1
3.9
0.0
0.0
Chad
98.7
0.8
0.0
0.0
Republic of the Congo
6.8
0.3
92.8
0.0
Djibouti
12.9
4.7
0.0
0.0
Guinea
98.3
0.6
0.0
0.0
Guinea-Bissau
100.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Mali
52.4
6.3
0.0
0.0
Niger
28.0
34.1
9.7
0.0
Rwanda
94.1
1.9
3.7
0.0
Sao Tome & Principe
68.1
21.3
0.0
0.0
Sierra Leone
30.4
19.4
0.0
0.0
Simple average
57.2
8.7
9.1
0.0
Incremental gain in duty-free access — (1) thus far: 0.0%; (2) potentially: 11.4%.
LDCs with full AGOA benefits
Ethiopia
94.2
0.9
Lesotho
0.0
0.0
Madagascar
32.6
0.9
Malawi
18.8
11.2
Mozambique
20.4
74.8
United Rep. of
88.8
1.4
Tanzania
Uganda
97.1
1.7
Zambia
87.0
7.2
Simple average
54.9
12.3
Incremental gain in duty-free access — 24.0%.
Special
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.2
8.2
94.6
0.3
0.1
0.0
27.9
20.1
4.1
5.8
0.8
1.2
0.1
19.0
13.8
2.5
80.3
5.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.8
3.5
0.0
5.9
50.3
11.4
20.0
0.2
2.7
0.5
0.2
82.4
1.1
0.0
40.5
25.0
0.3
4.7
0.0
13.7
0.8
0.0
0.0
52.8
0.0
3.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
2.0
100.0
66.4
17.1
2.5
1.4
2.0
0.0
0.0
0.05
2.3
5.4
0.0
0.2
7.1
0.0
1.1
0.1
0.1
1.4
23.9
1.2
3.1
1.8
20
Continued next page
Continued from previous page
NTR
Duty-free
GSP
LDCGSP
AGOA
only
Textiles &
apparel
Special
GSP beneficiaries not designated for AGOA benefits
Zimbabwe
12.8
52.4
17.5
0.0
Incremental gain in duty-free access — (1) thus far: 0.0%; (2) potentially: 34.8%.
17.3
0.0
GSP beneficiaries with partial AGOA benefits
Côte d’Ivoire
74.0
4.2
21.4
0.0
Seychelles
69.7
18.7
0.0
0.0
Simple average
71.9
11.5
10.7
0.0
Incremental gain in duty-free access — (1) thus far: 10.7%; (2) potentially: 0.0%.
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.4
11.5
6.0
GSP beneficiaries with full AGOA benefits
Botswana
74.5
8.6
Cameroon
13.4
0.5
Ghana
61.6
4.3
Kenya
36.2
1.7
Mauritius
5.1
5.1
Namibia
95.4
0.2
Senegal
2.9
1.1
South Africa
78.3
5.9
Swaziland
14.2
10.0
Simple average
42.4
4.2
Incremental gain in duty-free access — 41.2%.
0.0
83.1
31.4
4.0
0.0
0.0
5.4
9.7
0.3
14.9
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
13.8
1.8
0.0
53.7
88.4
0.3
1.3
2.7
74.9
26.3
3.1
1.2
2.6
4.4
1.4
4.2
89.4
3.4
0.3
12.2
Non-GSP beneficiaries not designated for AGOA benefits
Liberia
98.2
0.1
0.1
Sudan
98.8
0.1
0.0
Simple average
98.5
0.1
0.1
Incremental gain in duty-free access — potentially: 0.3%.
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.0
0.1
1.5
1.2
1.4
0.5
0.0
0.3
0.0
0.2
0.0
0.1
32.5
0.0
8.2
Non-GSP beneficiaries with partial AGOA benefits
Eritrea
60.0
42.6
0.0
0.0
Gabon
6.0
0.0
94.0
0.0
Mauritania
54.4
0.0
12.8
0.0
Nigeria
10.9
0.0
89.1
0.0
Simple average
32.8
10.7
49.0
0.0
Incremental gain in duty-free access — (1) thus far: 59.7%: (2) potentially: 0.2%.
Note: The “share eligible for duty-free treatment before AGOA” consists of the percentage of imports from the
country in 2001 that could have qualified for duty-free treatment on either an NTR or a preferential basis,
assuming full use of all preferential programmes for which the country was eligible. The “share eligible for dutyfree treatment under AGOA” additionally includes all products that are newly eligible for duty-free treatment
under the country’s current status. In both cases, all “special” imports are assumed to enter duty-free.
Source: Calculated from the data in tables A-1 through A-48 (appendix).
21
region export little or no textile and apparel products to the United States, but for several countries
this sector is very significant; in four cases it accounts for over half of all US imports from a country.
The table nevertheless shows that only eight of the LDCs have been certified for textile and apparel
benefits thus far. Unless the other 22 countries achieve the same status — and in nine cases they
have not yet been granted even partial AGOA benefits — the programme is not likely to make a
significant difference in their exports to the United States.
The programme may be much more beneficial for the non-LDC countries in the region, some of
which were not even designated for the ordinary GSP until recently. The potential here varies greatly
from one country to another. Liberia, Namibia and Sudan all depend heavily on exports of raw
materials that are already eligible for duty-free treatment on an NTR basis; this means that neither
the GSP nor AGOA can have an impact on their principal products. (The programme could
nevertheless help to stimulate shipments of non-traditional products.) At the other extreme are
countries such as Cameroon, Gabon and Nigeria that had previously been subject to duties on most
of their exports to the United States; they now enjoy virtually complete duty-free access to the US
market. However, closer look at their export profiles shows that these three countries’ new benefits
are primarily in the area of petroleum products,24 the low tariffs on which diminish the real value of
the apparent gain in preferential access.
Most of the non-LDC countries in the region that show relatively large gains in duty-free coverage
depend heavily on exports of either oil and gas or on textiles and apparel. Once again, therefore, the
most significant benefits of the programme are likely to flow to those countries that obtain
certification for these additional benefits and manage to meet the AGOA rules of origin
requirements.
The AGOA rules of origin for textile and apparel products were the subject of lengthy bargaining in
the United States Congress. These internal negotiations were the principal reason why it took three
years for the Clinton administration to win approval for the programme in Congress. The rules are
quite strict, as they generally require that apparel articles must be made “from fabrics wholly formed
and cut in the United States, from yarns wholly formed in the United States”. There are nevertheless
exceptions to this general rule. Preferential treatment can be extended to products made with yarns
or fibers that are not available either in the United States or Africa, or to apparel made from
cashmere or silk yarns. The bill limits duty-free access to the US market for African apparel made
with African fabric or yarn, subject to a cap of 1.5 to 3.5 per cent of overall US global apparel
imports over eight years. A special provision will allow countries with an annual per capita income
below $1,500 to use third-country fabric in African-made apparel for four years.
The data in table 8 indicate why the legislative allies of the US textile and apparel industry fought so
long and so hard to obtain such strict rules. For nearly 20 years US policy has tacitly sought to use
preferential trade agreements and programmes as a means of extending the life of a dying industry.
Finished apparel products can be imported from certain partners on preferential bases, but only if
they incorporate the requisite amount of US goods and/or labour. If the United States is going to
import shirts and skirts, according to the logic of this policy they should at least be made from
24
See tables A-6, A-18 and A-34.
22
Table 8
Ratio of US imports to exports in the textile and
apparel sector with selected trading partners, 2001
Thousands of current dollars; imports are for consumption, customs value; exports are domestic, FAS value
US imports
Duty- and quota-free treatment
Canada
México
Caribbean Basin Initiative
African Growth & Opportunity Act
Dutiable, quota-free treatment
Andean Trade Preferences Act
Source: Calculated from USITC data.
Fabrics
Apparel
Total
Fabrics
Apparel
Total
Ratio of total
Imports: Exports
1,084,416
478,241
17,600
14,010
1,754,289
8,111,553
9,603,233
949,791
2,838,705
8,589,794
9,620,833
963,801
1,244,067
2,675,626
1,532,832
34,343
494,556
1,906,882
3,072,172
5,740
1,738,623
4,582,508
4,605,004
40,083
1.63:1
1.87:1
2.08:1
24.05:1
17,152
761,840
796,144
68,232
43,498
111,730
7.13:1
1,853,811
419,783
163,131
615,271
329,155
202,335
8,597,110
1,839,555
4,278,148
2,281,055
1,020,053
1,941,256
10,450,921
2,259,338
4,441,279
2,896,326
1,349,208
2,143,591
74,200
28,395
185,922
49,237
3,102
11,071
30,076
12,510
36,344
31,679
125
710
104,276
40,905
222,266
80,916
3,227
11,781
100.22:1
55.23:1
19.98:1
35.79:1
418.10:1
181.95:1
22
Dutiable and subject to quota
China
Taiwan, Province of China
Hong Kong (China)
Rep. of Korea
Pakistan
India
US exports
23
US fabric. The Caribbean Basin Initiative was the first step in this policy, having been expanded in
1986 to provide preferential quota treatment (but not tariff exemptions) to qualifying imports from
the region. NAFTA works on the same principle, but sets even stricter rules of origin. When
Congress approved the extension of duty-free treatment to Caribbean Basin textile and apparel
products in 2000, it insisted that these new benefits be conditioned on the stricter NAFTA rules of
origin. The expanded CBI benefits, and stricter rules, were part of the Trade and Development Act
of 2000. This was the bill that enacted AGOA into law. The AGOA rules of origin for textile and
apparel products are thus merely the latest manifestation of a well-established policy.
The only difference between AGOA and its predecessors is that this programme has not been in
place long enough to bring about significant changes in the pattern of US textile and apparel trade
with the beneficiary countries. The data in table 8 show that these patterns are quite different for
preferential and non-preferential imports. While the United States still has a deficit in this sector
with Canada, Mexico and the CBI countries, its exports to these countries counterbalance a large
share of the imports. Indeed, many of those exports are the imports: the United States exports fabric,
semi-finished products and the like to offshore plants in Mexico and the Caribbean Basin, where
they are made into finished products and re-exported to the United States. There is little or no such
production-sharing between the United States and the Asian countries; imports from these countries
greatly outweigh US exports. The chief goal of the AGOA rules of origin is to encourage a pattern of
trade with African countries that more closely resembles the NAFTA and CBI pattern, in which the
finished products that are imported on a preferential basis incorporate significant amounts of US
content. The data in table 8 suggest that this objective has not yet been reached, but it can be
anticipated that the pattern will evolve further in the years to come.
25
Appendix
Tariff treatment of the top US imports of products
from sub-Saharan African countries in 2001
27
Table A-1. Top 25 US imports from Angola, 2001
Actual dollars, customs value, imports for consumption
HTS Item and Description
Imports
NTR Tariff
Duty-Free on NTR Basis (0.2% of top 25 products)
2711.29.00 Petroleum gases and other gaseous hydrocarbons
2711.19.00 Liquefied petroleum gases and gaseous hydrocarbons
2711.13.00 Butanes, liquefied
2713.11.00 Coke, petroleum, not calcined
9705.00.00 Collections and collectors’ pieces of zoological etc. interest
2503.00.00 Sulfur of all kinds, other than sublimed etc., sulfur
2711.14.00 Ethylene etc., liquefied
7116.20.50 Precious stone articles
2711.12.00 Propane, liquefied
8471.90.00 Magnetic or optical readers machines
8431.39.00 Parts for use with lifting etc. machinery
9030.40.00 Instruments for telecommunications
8413.11.00 Pumps of the type used in filling-stations
8525.20.90 Transmission apparatus
8471.41.00 Digital computer machines, nonportable or over 10 kg
5,912,694
2,339,716
1,080,372
1,018,172
659,429
242,797
151,841
98,087
86,637
76,464
57,960
50,000
20,795
12,726
12,698
5,000
Free
Free
Free
Free
Free
Free
Free
Free
Free
Free
Free
Free
Free
Free
Free
368,654
240,000
120,000
8,654
2.7%
5.8%
5.6%
Duty-Free For LDC GSP Countries (99.6% of top 25 products)
2709.00.20 Petroleum oils and oils from bituminous minerals
2710.00.05 Distillate and residual fuel oils from bitum. mins.*
2710.00.25 Naphthas from petro oils*
2710.00.10 Distillate and residual fuel oils from bitum. mins.*
2709.00.10 Petroleum oils and oils from bitum. mins.
2710.00.15 Motor fuel from petro oils and bitum. mins.*
2,763,492,038
2,643,725,636
85,719,709
18,755,335
7,932,475
7,348,196
10,687
10.5¢/bbl.
5.25¢/bbl.
10.5¢/bbl.
10.5¢/bbl.
5.25¢/bbl.
52.5¢/bbl.
Duty-Free Only For AGOA Countries (0% of top 25 products)
0
Textile & Apparel (0% of top 25 products)
0
Duty-Free For All GSP Countries (0.01% of top 25 products)
8537.10.90 Boards etc., with apparatus for electric control
9006.91.00 Parts for photographic cameras, not cinematographic
8481.80.30 Taps, cocks, valves & similar appliances of iron or steel
Special (0.2% of top 25 products)
9801.00.10 US goods returned
Subtotal (Top 25 Products Account for 99.9 % of Total)
All Other
Total
5,864,773
2,775,638,159
31,356
2,775,669,515
* : Product for which the 2002 version of the HTS uses a somewhat different classification than was used in 2001.
28
Table A-2. Top 12 US imports from Benin, 2001
Actual dollars, customs value, imports for consumption
HTS Item and Description
Imports
NTR Tariff
Duty-Free on NTR Basis (63.3% of top 12 products)
0106.00.50 Live animals other than horses, asses, mules etc.*
4407.29.00 Tropical wood sawn etc., over 6 mm thick
9706.00.00 Antiques of an age exceeding one hundred years
1106.20.00 Flour, meal and powder of sago, or of roots etc.*
813,973
698,417
87,856
23,000
4,700
Free
Free
Free
Free
Duty-Free For All GSP Countries (14.2% of top 12 products)
4420.10.00 Wooden statuettes and other wood ornaments
1209.91.80 Vegetable seeds of a kind used for sowing
182,287
178,319
3,968
3.2%
1.5¢/kg.
Duty-Free For LDC GSP Countries (0% of top 12 products)
0
Duty-Free Only For AGOA Countries (0% of top 12 products)
0
Textile & Apparel (2.5% of top 12 products)
5208.52.30 Printed plain weave fabrics of cotton
5208.32.30 Dyed plain weave fabrics of cotton
6204.42.30 Women’s or girls’ dresses, etc. of cotton
6002.92.10 Circular knit fabric wholly of cotton etc.*
Special (20.0% of top 12 products)
9801.00.10 US goods returned
9999.95.00 Informal entries under $1251
Subtotal (Top 12 Products Account for 100% of Total)
All Other
Total
32,541
17,208
13,183
1,580
570
6.7%
7.5%
9.2%
9.0%
257,535
256,522
1,013
1,286,336
0
1,286,336
* : Product for which the 2002 version of the HTS uses a somewhat different classification than was used in 2001.
1,286,336
0
1,286,336
29
Table A-3. Top 25 United States Imports from Botswana, 2001
Actual dollars, customs value, imports for consumption
HTS Item and Description
Duty-Free on NTR Basis (74.5% of top 25 products)
7102.31.00
7102.29.00
7102.39.00
7102.10.00
7102.21.30
0302.39.00
8414.80.05
9705.00.00
0302.32.00
Nonindustrial diamonds, unworked
Industrial diamonds, worked, but not mounted or set
Nonindustrial diamonds, worked, but not mounted or set
Diamonds, unsorted, whether or not worked
Industrial diamonds (other than miners’ diamonds)
Tunas except fillets, livers, roes, etc.
Turbocharger and supercharger air compressors
Collections and collectors’ pieces of zoological etc.
Yellowfin tunas
Duty-Free For All GSP Countries (8.6% of top 25 products)
7113.19.21
7113.19.50
7113.19.29
8504.40.95
4302.19.60
0106.00.10
Gold rope necklaces and neck chains
Precious metal (other than silver) articles of jewelry
Gold necklaces and neck chains (other than of rope)
Static converters (for example, rectifiers)
Tanned/dressed whole furskins, not assembled, not dyed
Live birds, other than poultry*
Duty-Free For LDC GSP Countries (0% of top 25 products)
Duty-Free Only For AGOA Countries (0% of top 25 products)
Textile & Apparel (13.8% of top 25 products)
6203.42.40
6104.62.20
6110.30.30
6201.93.30
6109.10.00
6102.20.00
6104.63.20
6204.62.40
Men’s or boys’ trousers and shorts of cotton
Women’s or girls’ trousers etc. of cotton
Sweaters etc. of manmade fibers
Men’s or boys’ anoraks, etc. of manmade fibers
T-shirts, singlets, etc. of cotton
Women’s or girls’ overcoats etc. of cotton
Women’s or girls’ trousers etc. of synthetic fibers
Women’s or girls’ trousers etc. of cotton
Special (3.1% of top 25 products)
9801.00.10 US goods returned
9999.95.00 Informal entries under $1251
Subtotal (Top 25 Products Account for 99.7% of Total)
All Other
Total
Imports
NTR Tariff
15,687,968
11,539,967
2,791,127
613,895
444,307
186,033
67,062
20,666
13,910
11,001
Free
Free
Free
Free
Free
Free
Free
Free
Free
1,807,902
986,012
379,368
361,116
42,120
20,018
19,268
5.0%
5.5%
5.5%
1.5%
3.5%
1.8%
0
0
2,902,473
1,395,519
399,777
476,675
195,043
190,746
89,724
81,118
73,871
649,382
579,504
69,878
21,047,725
69,895
21,117,620
* : Product for which the 2002 version of the HTS uses a somewhat different classification than was used in 2001.
16.8%
15.3%
32.4%
7.2%
17.4%
16.1%
28.6%
16.8%
30
Table A-4. Top 25 United States Imports from Burkina Faso, 2001
Actual dollars, customs value, imports for consumption
HTS Item and Description
Imports
NTR Tariff
Duty-Free on NTR Basis (3.2% of top 25 products)
9706.00.00 Antiques of an age exceeding one hundred years
2401.10.53 Tobacco, not stemmed/stripped
1602.50.10 Corned beef in airtight containers
9705.00.00 Collections and collectors’ pieces of zoological etc.
1211.90.80 Plants and parts of plants used in perfumery, pharmacy etc.*
6815.99.40 Articles of stone or of other mineral substances
8306.29.00 Base metal statuettes and other ornaments
4602.10.07 Baskets and bags of bamboo wickerwork
6913.10.50 Porcelain or china (other than bone china) statuettes etc.
8473.30.10 Parts & Accessories of computers, printed circuit assembles
160,778
52,150
32,614
31,418
18,401
7,364
5,700
4,057
3,237
3,000
2,837
Free
Free
Free
Free
Free
Free
Free
Free
Free
Free
Duty-Free For All GSP Countries (2.0% of top 25 products)
4420.10.00 Wooden statuettes and other wood ornaments
9206.00.80 Percussion musical instruments (other than drums, etc.)
9206.00.20 Percussion musical instruments; drums
4602.10.18 Baskets and bags of vegetable material
0804.50.80 Guavas, mangoes, and mangosteens, dried
3920.42.50 Nonadhesive plates etc. of polymers of vinyl chloride*
3906.90.50 Acrylic polymers (except plastics or elastomers)
5209.51.30 Printed plain weave certified hand-loomed fabrics of cotton
101,657
25,433
25,335
24,359
12,449
7,814
2,556
2,027
1,684
3.2%
5.3%
4.8%
4.5%
1.5¢/kg.
5.8%
4.2%
3.6%
Duty-Free For LDC GSP Countries (0% of top 25 products)
0
Duty-Free Only For AGOA Countries (0% of top 25 products)
0
Textile & Apparel (0.1% of top 25 products)
6304.92.00 Furnishing articles of cotton
6117.10.60 Shawls, scarves, mufflers, mantillas, veils, etc.
6204.13.20 Women’s or girls’ suits of synthetic fibers
6204.42.30 Women’s or girls’ dresses of cotton
6211.42.00 Women’s or girls’ track suits etc. of cotton
5,060
1,800
1,060
850
800
550
Special (94.6% of top 25 products)
9801.00.10 US goods returned
9999.95.00 Informal entries under $1251
4,730,743
4,550,000
180,743
Subtotal (Top 25 Products Account for 99.9% of Total)
All Other
Total
4,998,238
2,515
5,000,753
* : Product for which the 2002 version of the HTS uses a somewhat different classification than was used in 2001.
6.5%
9.6%
[Complex]
9.2%
8.2%
31
Table A-5. Top 8 United States Imports from Burundi, 2001
Actual dollars, customs value, imports for consumption
Imports
NTR Tariff
Duty-Free on NTR Basis (91.8 % of top 8 products)
0901.11.00 Coffee, not roasted, not decaffeinated
0301.10.00 Live ornamental fish
9018.19.95 Electro-diagnostic apparatus
9601.10.00 Ivory, worked and articles
4907.00.00 Unused stamps of current/new issue in country
2,559,879
2,395,257
59,174
57,289
45,790
2,369
Free
Free
Free
Free
Free
Duty-Free For All GSP Countries (0% of top 8 products)
0
Duty-Free For LDC GSP Countries (0% of top 8 products)
0
Duty-Free Only For AGOA Countries (0% of top 8 products)
0
HTS Item and Description
Textile & Apparel (0.01% of top 8 products)
6105.10.00 Men’s or boys’ shirts of cotton
Special (8.2% of top 8 products)
9801.00.10 US goods returned
9999.95.00 Informal entries under $1251
Subtotal (Top 8 Products Account for 100% of Total)
All Other
Total
360
360
228,535
217,840
10,695
2,788,774
0
2,788,774
20.0%
32
Table A-6. Top 25 US imports from Cameroon, 2001
Actual dollars, customs value, imports for consumption
Imports
NTR Tariff
13,401,505
2,527,417
2,230,447
1,788,982
1,521,382
1,243,724
1,032,244
918,554
879,551
351,356
250,891
138,726
127,160
116,906
100,024
88,489
85,652
Free
Free
Free
Free
Free
Free
Free
Free
Free
Free
Free
Free
Free
Free
Free
Free
521,657
149,107
272,167
100,383
3.2%
0.2¢/kg.
0.52¢/kg.
Duty-Free For LDC GSP Countries (83.1% of top 25 products)
2709.00.20 Petroleum oils and oils from bituminous minerals
2710.00.05 Distillate and residual fuel oils from bitum. mins.*
83,031,232
44,011,710
39,019,522
10.5¢/bbl.
5.25¢/bbl
Duty-Free Only For AGOA Countries (0% of top 25 products)
0
Textile & Apparel (1.8% of top 25 products)
5208.52.40 Printed plain weave fabrics of cotton of number 43-68
6110.90.10 Sweaters, pullovers etc. of textile materials
1,770,358
1,546,303
224,055
Special (1.2% of top 25 products)
9801.00.10 US goods returned
9999.95.00 Informal entries under $1251
1,240,211
1,097,774
142,437
HTS Item and Description
Duty-Free on NTR Basis (13.4% of top 25 products)
4407.24.00 Virola, Mahogany, Imbuia and Balsa wood*
4407.99.00 Nonconiferous woods sawn etc., over 6 mm thick
4001.22.00 Technically specified natural rubber (TSNR)
4407.29.00 Tropical wood sawn etc., over 6 mm thick
0901.11.00 Coffee, not roasted, not decaffeinated
2401.10.21 Wrapper tobacco, not stemmed/stripped
1803.10.00 Cocoa paste, not defatted
4408.39.00 Tropical wood, not over 6 mm thick
4408.90.00 Nontropical, nonconiferous veneer sheets etc.
4001.29.00 Natural rubber in primary forms other than latex etc.
9706.00.00 Antiques of an age exceeding one hundred years
9019.10.20 Mechano-therapy appliances and massage apparatus
2401.10.53 Tobacco, not stemmed or stripped
4406.10.00 Railway/tramway sleepers of wood, not impregnated
9705.00.00 Collections and collectors’ pieces of zoological etc.
9403.60.80 Furniture of wooden
Duty-Free For All GSP Countries (0.5% of top 25 products)
4420.10.00 Wooden statuettes and other wood ornaments
1803.20.00 Cocoa paste, wholly or partly defatted
1805.00.00 Cocoa powder, not containing added sugar etc.
Subtotal (Top 25 Products Account for 98.4% of Total)
All Other
Total
99,964,963
1,662,188
101,627,151
* : Product for which the 2002 version of the HTS uses a somewhat different classification than was used in 2001.
11.4%
1.9%
33
Table A-7. Top 22 US imports from Cape Verde, 2001
Actual dollars, customs value, imports for consumption
HTS Item and Description
Imports
NTR Tariff
Duty-Free on NTR Basis (1.9% of top 22 products)
8471.90.00 Magnetic or optical readers
2208.70.00 Liqueurs and cordials
2208.90.30 Brandy in not over 4 liters, valued over $3.43/liter
28,414
23,450
2,482
2,482
Free
Free
Free
Duty-Free For All GSP Countries (5.8% of top 22 products)
2202.90.90 Nonalcoholic beverages, not including fruit/vegetable juices
1604.15.00 Prepared/preserved mackerel
1604.19.30 Prepared/preserved fish in airtight containers
7801.91.00 Lead (other than refined lead), unwrought
9010.90.90 Parts & Accessories for photographic labs
9031.80.80 Measuring and checking instruments
87,066
40,380
14,140
14,000
11,000
4,546
3,000
0.2¢/liter
3%
4%
[Complex]
2.9%
1.7%
Duty-Free For LDC GSP Countries (11.8% of top 22 products)
1604.14.10 Tunas and skipjack in airtight containers
2208.40.40 Rum and tafia, in not over 4 liters, valued over $3/proof liter
175,924
123,620
52,304
35%
4.3¢/pf.liter
Duty-Free Only For AGOA Countries (0% of top 22 products)
Textile & Apparel (80.3% of top 22 products)
6204.23.00 Women’s or girls’ ensembles of synthetic fibers
6204.44.40 Women’s or girls’ dresses of artificial fibers
6206.90.00 Women’s or girls’ blouses, etc. of textile materials
6211.43.00 Women’s or girls’ track suits, etc. of man-made fibers
6204.33.50 Women’s or girls’ suit-type jackets, etc. of synthetic fibers
6206.40.30 Women’s or girls’ blouses, etc. of manmade fibers
6204.53.30 Women’s or girls’ skirts, etc. of synthetic fibers
6204.63.35 Women’s or girls’ trousers, etc. of synthetic fibers
6204.43.40 Women’s or girls’ dresses of synthetic fibers
6205.30.20 Men’s or boys’ shirts of manmade fibers
Special (0.2% of top 22 products)
9801.00.10 US goods returned
Subtotal (Top 22 Products Account for 100% of Total)
All Other
Total
0
1,201,257
306,997
169,652
146,412
143,717
135,024
102,551
94,428
60,039
41,717
720
3,288
3,288
1,495,949
0
1,495,949
[Complex]
16.2%
6.8%
16.2%
27.6%
27.2%
16.2%
29.0%
16.2%
[Complex]
34
Table A-8. Top 22 US imports from Central African Republic, 2001
Actual dollars, customs value, imports for consumption
HTS Item and Description
Duty-Free on NTR Basis (88.1% of top 22 products)
7102.31.00 Nonindustrial diamonds, unworked
2401.10.21 Wrapper tobacco, not stemmed/stripped
1521.10.00 Vegetable waxes (other than triglycerides)
6506.10.30 Safety headgear of reinforced or laminated plastics
9026.90.60 Parts & Accessories for nonelectrical instruments
4408.90.00 Nontropical, nonconiferous veneer sheets etc.
7102.39.00 Nonindustrial diamonds, worked, but not mounted
0302.69.20 Smelts, cusk, hake, etc.
0902.30.00 Black tea (fermented) and partly fermented tea
4103.90.00 Raw hides and skins of animals*
Duty-Free For All GSP Countries (3.9% of top 22 products)
7323.93.00 Stainless steel, table, kitchen etc.
8503.00.95 Parts for use with the electronic motors, generating sets
8708.99.67 Parts of motor vehicles; other parts of power trains
8414.59.60 Fans
6306.31.00 Sails for boats etc. of synthetic fibers
9004.90.00 Spectacles, goggles etc. (other than sunglasses)
Imports
NTR Tariff
2,082,329
1,362,426
447,760
126,535
58,584
35,426
33,989
7,695
6,741
2,173
1,000
Free
Free
Free
Free
Free
Free
Free
Free
Free
Free
91,041
43,465
21,301
15,000
4,920
3,468
2,887
2.0%
3.0%
2.5%
2.3%
0.8%
2.5%
Duty-Free For LDC GSP Countries (0% of top 22 products)
0
Duty-Free Only For AGOA Countries (0% of top 22 products)
0
Textile & Apparel (5.3% of top 22 products)
6108.22.90 Women’s or girls’ briefs etc. of man-made fibers
6108.21.00 Women’s or girls’ briefs etc. of cotton
6212.90.00 Braces, suspenders, garters ets.
Special (2.7% of top 22 products)
9999.95.00 Informal entries under $1251
9801.00.10 US goods returned
9801.00.25 Articles reimported
Subtotal (Top 22 Products Account for 100% of Total)
All Other
Total
126,412
110,172
15,537
703
63,892
43,487
16,647
3,758
2,363,674
0
2,363,674
* : Product for which the 2002 version of the HTS uses a somewhat different classification than was used in 2001.
15.8%
7.7%
6.7%
35
Table A-9. Top 10 US imports from Chad, 2001
Actual dollars, customs value, imports for consumption
Imports
NTR Tariff
5,578,340
4,452,005
719,120
172,035
166,880
42,900
20,900
4,500
Free
Free
Free
Free
Free
Free
Free
Duty-Free For All GSP Countries (0.8% of top 10 products)
8544.51.90 Insulated electric conductors (80V<V<1,000V)
46,083
46,083
2.6%
Duty-Free For LDC GSP Countries (0% of top 10 products)
0
Duty-Free Only For AGOA Countries (0% of top 10 products)
0
Textile & Apparel (0% of top 10 products)
0
HTS Item and Description
Duty-Free on NTR Basis (98.7% of top 10 products)
1301.20.00 Gum Arabic
4407.29.00 Tropical wood sawn etc., over 6 mm thick
4001.22.00 Technically specified natural rubber (TSNR)
1302.20.00 Pectic substances, pectinates and pectates*
4107.29.30 Reptile leather (other than vegetable pretanned), not fancy
1301.90.90 Natural gums, resins, gum-resins etc.
8542.13.80 Monolithic integrated circuits*
Special (0.5% of top 10 products)
9999.95.00 Informal entries under $1251
9801.00.10 US goods returned
Subtotal (Top 10 Products Account for 100% of Total)
All Other
Total
28,628
19,865
8,763
5,653,051
0
5,653,051
* : Product for which the 2002 version of the HTS uses a somewhat different classification than was used in 2001.
36
Table A-10. Top 7 US imports from Comoros, 2001
Actual dollars, customs value, imports for consumption
HTS Item and Description
Duty-Free on NTR Basis (99.7% of top 7 products)
0905.00.00 Vanilla beans
0907.00.00 Cloves (whole fruit, cloves and stems)
3301.29.50 Essential oils (other than those of citrus fruits)
0106.00.50 Live animals other than horses, asses, mules etc.*
3302.90.10 Mixtures of or with a basis of odoriferous substances
4901.99.00 Printed books, brochures, leaflets etc.
Imports
NTR Tariff
10,541,323
9,644,654
627,473
119,590
94,716
48,802
6,088
Free
Free
Free
Free
Free
Free
Duty-Free For All GSP Countries (0% of top 7 products)
0
Duty-Free For LDC GSP Countries (0% of top 7 products)
0
Duty-Free Only For AGOA Countries (0% of top 7 products)
0
Textile & Apparel (0% of top 7 products)
0
Special (0.3% of top 7 products)
9999.95.00 Informal entries under $1251
Total
26,757
26,757
10,568,080
* : Product for which the 2002 version of the HTS uses a somewhat different classification than was used in 2001.
37
Table A-11. Top 25 US imports from Congo (DROC), 2001
Thousands of dollars, customs value, imports for consumption
Imports
NTR Tariff
28,803
11,105
9,610
2,575
1,857
1,017
524
503
413
265
256
255
135
77
51
47
42
34
37
Free
Free
Free
Free
Free
Free
Free
Free
Free
Free
Free
Free
Free
Free
Free
Free
Free
Free
9,840
5,512
3,811
517
4.1%
1.0%
1.0%
Duty-Free For LDC GSP Countries (73.7% of top 25 products)
2709.00.20 Petroleum oils and oils from bituminous minerals
8105.10.30 Cobalt alloy, unwrought*
108,645
108,302
343
10.5¢/bbl.
4.4%
Duty-Free Only For AGOA Countries (0% of top 25 products)
0
Textile & Apparel (0% of top 25 products)
0
HTS Item and Description
Duty-Free on NTR Basis (19.5% of top 25 products)
8105.10.60 Cobalt (other than alloy), unwrought*
7102.31.00 Nonindustrial diamonds, unworked
7108.12.10 Gold, nonmonetary, bullion and dore
9706.00.00 Antiques of an age exceeding one hundred years
7102.29.00 Industrial diamonds, worked, but not mounted or set
4407.29.00 Tropical wood sawn etc., over 6 mm thick
2615.90.60 Niobium, tantalum or vanadium ores etc.
2302.30.00 Bran etc. from the sifting, milling of wheat
4418.30.00 Wooden parquet panels
8105.10.90 Cobalt, cobalt waste and scrap; cobalt powders*
9705.00.00 Collections and collectors’ pieces of zoological etc.
3507.90.70 Enzymes and prepared enzymes
4407.99.00 Nonconiferous woods sawn etc., over 6 mm thick
8516.80.40 Electric heating resistors used for anti-icing or de-icing
7102.21.30 Industrial diamonds (other than miner’s diamonds)
9015.80.80 Surveying, hydrographic etc. instruments and appliances
9703.00.00 Original sculptures and statuary, in any material
0301.10.00 Live ornamental fish
Duty-Free For All GSP Countries (6.7% of top 25 products)
7108.12.50 Gold, nonmonetary, unwrought
7403.11.00 Refined copper cathodes and sections of cathodes
1302.19.40 Ginseng (other than poppy straw extract)
Special (0.08% of top 25 products)
9999.95.00 Informal entries under $1251
9801.00.10 US goods returned
Subtotal (Top 25 Products Account for 99.8% of Total)
All Other
Total
125
93
32
147,415
299
147,713
* : Product for which the 2002 version of the HTS uses a somewhat different classification than was used in 2001.
38
Table A-12. Top 25 US imports from Republic of Congo, 2001
Thousands of dollars, customs value, imports for consumption
HTS Item and Description
Duty-Free on NTR Basis (6.8% of top 25 products)
7102.31.00 Nonindustrial diamonds, unworked
2711.12.00 Propane, liquefied
8105.10.60 Cobalt (other than alloy), unwrought
2707.10.00 Benzene
2711.29.00 Petroleum gases and other gaseous hydrocarbons
2713.11.00 Coke, petroleum, not calcined
1103.29.00 Cereal pellets except wheat*
9706.00.00 Antiques of an age exceeding one hundred years
2503.00.00 Sulfur of all kinds, other than sublimed sulfur etc.
4408.39.00 Tropical wood, not over 6 mm thick
7102.39.00 Nonindustrial diamonds, worked, but not mounted or set
0901.11.00 Coffee, not roasted, not decaffeinated
9705.00.00 Collections and collectors’ pieces of zoological etc.
2711.13.00 Butanes, liquefied
7102.29.00 Industrial diamonds, worked, but not mounted or set
2302.30.00 Bran etc. from the sifting, milling of wheat
8471.49.10 Digital processing units
Duty-Free For All GSP Countries (0.3% of top 25 products)
7403.11.00 Refined copper cathodes and sections of cathodes
Duty-Free For LDC GSP Countries (92.8% of top 25 products)
2709.00.20 Petroleum oils and oils from bituminous minerals
2710.00.05 Distillate and residual fuel oils from bitum. mins.*
2709.00.10 Petroleum oils and oils from bitum. mins.
2710.00.10 Distillate and residual fuel oils from bitum. mins.*
Duty-Free Only For AGOA Countries (0.01% of top 25 products)
9101.11.80 Wrist watches with cases of or clad with precious metal
Textile & Apparel (0% of top 25 products)
Special (0.2% of top 25 products)
9801.00.10 US goods returned
9999.95.00 Informal entries under $1251
Subtotal (Top 25 Products Account for 99.9% of Total)
All Other
Total
Imports
NTR Tariff
30,973
10,001
9,634
2,396
1,650
1,608
1,451
729
706
630
598
559
375
218
155
102
89
72
Free
Free
Free
Free
Free
Free
Free
Free
Free
Free
Free
Free
Free
Free
Free
Free
Free
1,385
1,385
1.0%
424,311
307,707
86,362
26,044
4,198
10.5¢/bbl.
5.25¢/bbl.
5.25¢/bbl.
10.5¢/bbl.
66
66
[Complex]
0
747
577
170
457,478
422
457,901
* : Product for which the 2002 version of the HTS uses a somewhat different classification than was used in 2001.
39
Table A-13. Top 25 US imports from Cote d’Ivoire, 2001
Thousands of dollars, customs value, imports for consumption
HTS Item and Description
Imports
NTR Tariff
Duty-Free on NTR Basis (74.0% of top 25 products)
1801.00.00 Cocoa beans, whole or broken, raw or roasted
4407.29.00 Tropical wood sawn etc., over 6 mm thick
0901.11.00 Coffee, not roasted, not decaffeinated
1803.10.00 Cocoa paste, not defatted
2713.11.00 Coke, petroleum, not calcined
2711.29.00 Petroleum gases and other gaseous hydrocarbons
8473.30.10 Parts & Accessories of computers, printed circuit assembles
4408.39.00 Tropical wood, not over 6 mm thick
4407.24.00 Virola, Mahogany, Imbuia and Balsa wood
9705.00.00 Collections and collectors’ pieces of zoological etc.
4407.99.00 Nonconiferous woods sawn etc., over 6 mm thick
2711.12.00 Propane, liquefied
2902.70.00 Cumene
9706.00.00 Antiques of an age exceeding one hundred years
8473.30.50 Parts & Accessories of computers
4408.90.00 Nontropical, nonconiferous veneer sheets etc.
3203.00.10 Coloring matter of annato, archil, cochineal etc.
2302.30.00 Bran etc. from the sifting, milling of wheat
231,926
206,034
4,153
3,080
2,689
2,080
2,076
1,689
1,679
1,602
1,085
884
868
802
777
708
688
537
495
Free
Free
Free
Free
Free
Free
Free
Free
Free
Free
Free
Free
Free
Free
Free
Free
Free
Free
Duty-Free For All GSP Countries (4.2% of top 25 products)
1803.20.00 Cocoa paste, wholly or partly defatted
1805.00.00 Cocoa powder, not containing added sugar
0802.90.94 Kola nuts, fresh or dried, shelled
13,236
5,655
4,534
3,047
0.2¢/kg.
0.52¢/kg.
5.0¢/kg.
Duty-Free For LDC GSP Countries (21.4% of top 25 products)
2710.00.05 Distillate and residual fuel oils from bitum. mins.*
2709.00.20 Petroleum oils and oils from bituminous minerals
2710.00.10 Distillate and residual fuel oils from bitum. mins.*
67,015
42,546
20,330
4,139
5.25¢/bbl.
10.5¢/bbl.
10.5¢/bbl.
Duty-Free Only For AGOA Countries (0% of top 25 products)
0
Textile & Apparel (0% of top 25 products)
0
Special (0.4% of top 25 products)
9801.00.10 US goods returned
Subtotal (Top 25 Products Account for 98.0% of Total)
All Other
Total
1,307
1,307
313,484
6,339
319,823
* : Product for which the 2002 version of the HTS uses a somewhat different classification than was used in 2001.
40
Table A-14. Top 8 US imports from Djibouti, 2001
Actual dollars, customs value, imports for consumption
HTS Item and Description
Imports
NTR Tariff
Duty-Free on NTR Basis (12.9% of top 8 products)
2309.90.10 Mixed feed ingredients used in animal feeding
1521.90.40 Insect waxes and spermaceti
4907.00.00 Unused stamps of current or new issue in country
8504.40.60 Power supplies for physical incorporation into computer
122,673
79,200
36,900
3,792
2,781
Free
Free
Free
Free
44,692
37,244
7,448
5.3%
2.8%
Duty-Free For All GSP Countries (4.7% of top 8 products)
3926.90.98 Articles of plastic
8438.90.90 Parts of machinery for the industrial preparation etc.
Duty-Free For LDC GSP Countries (0% of top 8 products)
0
Duty-Free Only For AGOA Countries (0% of top 8 products)
0
Textile & Apparel (0% of top 8 products)
0
Special (82.4% of top 8 products)
9801.00.10 US goods returned
9999.95.00 Informal entries under $1251
783,206
777,905
5,301
Total
950,571
41
Table A-15. Top 14 US imports from Equatorial Guinea, 2001
Actual dollars, customs value, imports for consumption
Imports
NTR Tariff
Duty-Free on NTR Basis (10.7% of top 14 products)
2707.50.00 Aromatic hydrocarbon mixture
2711.14.00 Ethylene, propylene, butylene and butadiene, liquefied
2711.19.00 Liquefied petroleum gases and other gaseous hydrocarbons
2901.22.00 Propene (Propylene)
2711.29.00 Petroleum gases and other gaseous hydrocarbons
4408.90.00 Nontropical, nonconiferous veneer sheets etc.
42,156,448
19,600,176
8,462,687
8,181,481
3,833,962
2,061,728
16,414
Free
Free
Free
Free
Free
Free
Duty-Free For All GSP Countries (6.3% of top 14 products)
2905.11.20 Methanol (Methyl alcohol)
9027.10.60 Nonelectrical gas or smoke analysis apparatus
9017.80.00 Instruments for measuring length, for use in the hand
24,959,859
24,953,905
3,454
2,500
8.0%
2.2%
5.3%
Duty-Free For LDC GSP Countries (82.2% of top 14 products)
2709.00.20 Petroleum oils and oils from bituminous minerals
2710.00.45 Mixture of hydrocarbons*
2710.00.05 Distillate and residual fuel oils from bitum. mins.*
325,239,869
304,799,425
12,039,070
8,401,374
10.5¢/bbl.
10.5¢/bbl.
5.25¢/bbl.
Duty-Free Only For AGOA Countries (0% of top 14 products)
0
Textile & Apparel (0% of top 14 products)
0
HTS Item and Description
Special (0.8% of top 14 products)
9801.00.10 US goods returned
9999.95.00 Informal entries under $1251
Subtotal (Top 14 Products Account for 100% of Total)
All Other
Total
3,252,928
1,981,956
1,270,972
395,609,104
0
395,609,104
* : Product for which the 2002 version of the HTS uses a somewhat different classification than was used in 2001.
42
Table A-16. Top 10 US imports from Eritrea, 2001
Actual dollars, customs value, imports for consumption
Imports
NTR Tariff
Duty-Free on NTR Basis (60.0% of top 10 products)
4102.21.00 Raw skins of sheep or lambs
7118.10.00 Coin (other than gold coin), not being legal tender
8481.90.90 Parts of taps, cocks, valves etc. for pipes, boiler shells
50,450
35,806
12,285
2,359
Free
Free
Free
Duty-Free on For All GSP Countries (42.6% of top 10 products)
8544.41.80 Insulated electric conductors (<80V)
9001.50.00 Spectacle lenses of materials other than glass, unmounted
8708.94.50 Parts & Accessories of motor vehicle; steering wheels etc.
3307.41.00 "Agarbatti" and other odoriferous preparations
8302.30.30 Iron or steel, aluminum etc. for motor vehicles
0603.10.80 Cut flowers and flower buds for bouquets, fresh cut
37,716
17,473
4,900
4,500
4,426
4,249
2,168
2.6%
2.0%
2.5%
2.4%
2.0%
6.4%
HTS Item and Description
Duty-Free on For LDC GSP Countries (0% of top 10 products)
0
Duty-Free Only For AGOA Countries (0% of top 10 products)
0
Textile & Apparel (0.5% of top 10 products)
6109.10.00 T-shirts, singlets, etc. of cotton
Special (0% of top 10 products)
Subtotal (Top 10 Products Account for 100% of Total)
All Other
Total
420
420
0
88,586
0
88,586
17.4%
43
Table A-17. Top 25 US imports from Ethiopia, 2001
Actual dollars, customs value, imports for consumption
Imports
NTR Tariff
26,947,119
10,450,720
5,297,851
3,899,136
3,777,983
1,910,700
644,730
400,149
177,566
143,000
76,524
76,027
52,733
40,000
Free
Free
Free
Free
Free
Free
Free
Free
Free
Free
Free
Free
Free
Duty-Free For All GSP Countries (0.9% of top 25 products)
1104.29.00 Grains of cereals other than barley, but not rolled
0910.91.00 Mixtures of spices
270,240
210,840
59,400
2.7%
1.9%
Duty-Free For LDC GSP Countries (0.8% of top 25 products)
1403.10.00 Broomcorn of a kind used primarily in brooms or brushes*
1008.20.00 Millet
1008.90.00 Cereals (including wild rice)
231,259
116,169
58,000
57,090
$4.95/t
0.32¢/kg.
1.1%
HTS Item and Description
Duty-Free on NTR Basis (94.2% of top 25 products)
0901.11.00 Coffee, not roasted, not decaffeinated
1207.99.00 Oil seeds and oleaginous fruits*
1207.40.00 Sesame seeds, whether or not broken
2309.90.10 Mixed feed ingredients used in animal feeding
2615.90.60 Niobium, tantalum or vanadium ores etc.
0901.12.00 Coffee, not roasted, decaffeinated
1209.26.00 Timothy grass seed of a kind used for sowing
1521.90.40 Insect waxes and spermaceti
9706.00.00 Antiques of an age exceeding one hundred years
1301.90.90 Natural gums, resins, gum-resins etc.
2203.00.00 Beer made from malt
8525.20.90 Transmission apparatus incorporating reception apparatus
0909.40.00 Seeds of caraway
Duty-Free Only For AGOA Countries (0% of top 25 products)
0
Textile & Apparel (2.0% of top 25 products)
5208.12.60 Woven cotton fabric, unbleached, of numbers 43-68
6109.10.00 T-shirts, singlets, etc. of cotton
6105.20.20 Men’s or boys’ shirts etc. of manmade fibers
6302.91.00 Toilet and kitchen linen of cotton
6110.30.30 Sweaters etc. of manmade fibers
573,587
221,184
114,197
104,249
81,289
52,668
Special (2.0% of top 25 products)
9801.00.10 US goods returned
9802.00.50 Articles returned to the US
573,088
371,601
201,487
Subtotal (Top 25 Products Account for 98.5% of Total)
All Other
Total
28,595,293
445,802
29,041,095
* : Product for which the 2002 version of the HTS uses a somewhat different classification than was used in 2001.
9.0%
17.4%
32.5%
9.5%
32.4%
44
Table A-18. Top 25 US imports from Gabon, 2001
Thousands of dollars, customs value, imports for consumption
HTS Item and Description
Duty-Free on NTR Basis (6.0% of top 25 products)
2711.29.00 Petroleum gases and other gaseous hydrocarbons
2602.00.00 Manganese ores and concentrates
2713.11.00 Coke, petroleum, not calcined
2707.10.00 Benzene
2901.21.00 Ethylene
2901.22.00 Propene (Propylene)
2711.12.00 Propane, liquefied
2503.00.00 Sulfur of all kinds, other than sublimed sulfur etc.
4408.39.00 Tropical wood, not over 6 mm thick
9706.00.00 Antiques of an age exceeding one hundred years
4408.10.00 Coniferous veneer sheets and sheets etc.
2901.24.10 Buta-l,3-diene
2902.70.00 Cumene
2902.30.00 Toluene
4408.90.00 Nontropical, nonconiferous veneer sheets etc.
9705.00.00 Collections and collectors’ pieces of zoological etc.
2901.10.10 Ethane and butane
2302.30.00 Bran etc. from the sifting, milling of wheat
2711.14.00 Ethylene, propylene, butylene and butadiene, liquefied
2902.44.00 Mixed xylene isomers
Duty-Free For All GSP Countries (0% of top 25 products)
Imports
NTR Tariff
103,454
24,133
21,586
14,250
11,865
6,595
4,575
4,045
2,123
2,096
1,983
1,660
1,414
1,410
1,067
1,225
1,008
1,002
614
434
369
Free
Free
Free
Free
Free
Free
Free
Free
Free
Free
Free
Free
Free
Free
Free
Free
Free
Free
Free
Free
0
Duty-Free For LDC GSP Countries (94.0% of top 25 products)
2709.00.20 Petroleum oils and oils from bituminous minerals
2710.00.10 Distillate and residual fuel oils from bitum. mins.*
2710.00.05 Distillate and residual fuel oils from bitum. mins.*
1,624,856
1,457,067
101,122
66,667
Duty-Free Only For AGOA Countries (0% of top 25 products)
0
Textile & Apparel (0% of top 25 products)
0
Special (0.1% of top 25 products)
9801.00.10 US goods returned
9999.95.00 Informal entries under $1251
Subtotal (Top 25 Products Account for 99.9% of Total)
All Other
Total
10.5¢/bbl.
10.5¢/bbl.
5.25¢/bbl.
2,365
1,845
520
1,730,673
998
1,731,671
* : Product for which the 2002 version of the HTS uses a somewhat different classification than was used in 2001.
45
Table A-19. Top 20 US imports from The Gambia, 2001
Actual dollars, customs value, imports for consumption
HTS Item and Description
Imports
NTR Tariff
Duty-Free on NTR Basis (49.2% of top 20 products)
0306.13.00 Shrimps and prawns, dried, salted, frozen
8424.90.90 Parts of mechanical appliances for projecting liquids etc.
4907.00.00 Unused stamps of current or new issue in country
114,341
105,936
5,711
2,694
Free
Free
Free
Duty-Free For All GSP Countries (9.6% of top 20 products)
9031.80.80 Measuring and checking instruments
22,197
22,197
1.7%
Duty-Free For LDC GSP Countries (12.1% of top 20 products)
1202.20.40 Peanuts (ground-nuts), shelled
28,215
28,215
6.6¢/kg.
Duty-Free Only For AGOA Countries (0% of top 20 products)
0
Textile & Apparel (27.9% of top 20 products)
5208.31.60 Dyed plain weave fabrics of cotton of numbers 43-68
5209.11.00 Unbleached plain weave fabrics of cotton
6204.42.30 Women’s or girls’ dresses of cotton
5208.52.40 Printed plain weave fabrics of cotton of numbers 43-68
6206.30.30 Women’s or girls’ blouses etc. of cotton
6304.92.00 Furnishing articles of cotton
6104.42.00 Women’s or girls’ dresses of cotton
6204.62.40 Women’s or girls’ trousers etc. of cotton
6211.42.00 Women’s or girls’ track suits etc. of cotton
6307.90.99 National flags etc. of textile materials*
6204.52.20 Women’s or girls’ skirts etc. of cotton
6204.12.00 Women’s or girls’ suits etc. of cotton
5209.31.60 Dyed, plain weave fabrics of cotton
6203.12.20 Men’s or boys’ suits of synthetic fibers
Special (1.2% of top 20 products)
9999.95.00 Informal entries under $1251
Subtotal (Top 20 Products Account for 100% of Total)
All Other
Total
64,736
26,100
11,310
10,223
7,760
1,640
1,600
1,332
1,100
840
821
650
600
400
360
2,864
2,864
232,353
0
232,353
10.0%
6.5%
9.2%
11.4%
15.6%
6.5%
11.6%
16.8%
8.2%
7.0%
8.3%
15.3%
8.5%
27.6%
46
Table A-20. Top 25 US imports from Ghana, 2001
Thousands of dollars, customs value, imports for consumption
HTS Item and Description
Imports
NTR Tariff
Duty-Free on NTR Basis (61.6% of top 25 products)
1801.00.00 Cocoa beans, whole or broken, raw or roasted
7601.10.60 Aluminum (other than alloy), unwrought
4408.90.00 Nontropical, nonconiferous veneer sheets etc.
1803.10.00 Cocoa paste, not defatted
1804.00.00 Cocoa butter, fat and oil
7601.20.90 Aluminum alloys, unwrought
4407.29.00 Tropical wood sawn etc., over 6 mm thick
4408.39.00 Tropical wood, not over 6 mm thick
7102.31.00 Nonindustrial diamonds, unworked
4407.99.00 Nonconiferous woods sawn etc., over 6 mm thick
4407.24.00 Virola, Mahogany, Imbuia and Balsa wood
7102.29.00 Industrial diamonds, worked, but not mounted or set
7602.00.00 Aluminum, waste and scrap
2620.90.60 Materials (ash and residues)*
1802.00.00 Cocoa shells, husks, skins and other cocoa waste
7108.11.00 Gold powder
2302.30.00 Bran etc. from the sifting, milling of wheat
109,923
39,652
18,498
11,687
6,792
6,761
5,381
4,215
3,930
3,311
2,201
1,878
1,385
1,264
1,220
769
508
471
Free
Free
Free
Free
Free
Free
Free
Free
Free
Free
Free
Free
Free
Free
Free
Free
Free
7,691
2,442
1,720
1,624
1,112
793
3.2%
8.0%
8.0%
6.4%
8.0%
56,040
37,953
18,087
5.25¢/bbl.
10.5¢/bbl.
Duty-Free For All GSP Countries (4.3% of top 25 products)
4420.10.00 Wooden statuettes and other wood ornaments
4412.13.50 Plywood, not over 6 mm thick, tropical wood*
4412.14.30 Plywood, not over 6 mm thick, nontropical hardwood*
0714.90.20 Fresh or chilled yams
4412.13.40 Plywood sheets not over 6 mm thick, specified tropical wood
Duty-Free For LDC GSP Countries (31.4% of top 25 products)
2710.00.05 Distillate and residual fuel oils from bitum. mins.
2710.00.25 Naphthas from petro oils & bitum. mins.*
Duty-Free Only For AGOA (0% of top 25 products)
0
Textile & Apparel (0% of top 25 products)
0
Special (2.6% of top 25 products)
9801.00.10 US goods returned
Subtotal (Top 25 Products Account for 96.2% of Total)
All Other
Total
4,689
4,689
178,340
7,052
185,391
* : Product for which the 2002 version of the HTS uses a somewhat different classification than was used in 2001.
47
Table A-21. Top 25 US imports from Guinea, 2001
Actual dollars, customs value, imports for consumption
HTS Item and Description
Imports
NTR Tariff
86,105,404
68,170,532
13,707,481
3,103,792
411,447
235,089
114,684
91,270
78,467
59,233
47,842
37,430
24,077
24,060
Free
Free
Free
Free
Free
Free
Free
Free
Free
Free
Free
Free
Free
538,317
238,305
115,002
49,530
48,823
39,000
25,157
22,500
0.5%
3.2%
4.8%
2.4%
2.5%
2.6%
2.0%
Duty-Free For LDC GSP Countries (0.03% of top 25 products)
1604.14.30 Tunas and skipjack, not in oil, in airtight containers
22,638
22,638
12.5%
Duty-Free Only For AGOA Countries (0% of top 25 products)
0
Duty-Free on NTR Basis (98.3% of top 25 products)
2606.00.00 Aluminum ores and concentrates
7102.31.00 Nonindustrial diamonds, unworked
0901.11.00 Coffee, not roasted, not decaffeinated
9706.00.00 Antiques of an age exceeding one hundred years
7102.39.00 Nonindustrial diamonds, worked, but not mounted or set
2302.30.00 Bran etc. from the sifting, milling of wheat
0901.12.00 Coffee, not roasted, decaffeinated
1511.90.00 Palm oil
9705.00.00 Collections and collectors’ pieces of zoological etc.
1905.90.10 Bread, pastry, cake, biscuit etc.
4407.29.00 Tropical wood sawn etc., over 6 mm thick
1905.30.00 Sweet biscuits (pastry); waffles and wafers*
8208.10.00 Knives and cutting blades for metal working machines etc.
Duty-Free For All GSP Countries (0.6% of top 25 products)
4810.21.00 Light-weight coated paper for graphic use*
4420.10.00 Wooden statuettes and other wood ornaments
9206.00.20 Percussion musical instruments; drums
8411.99.90 Parts of gas turbines
8408.20.20 Compression-ignition internal-combustion piston engines
8543.89.96 Electrical machines and apparatus
8481.80.90 Taps, cocks, valves appliances for pipes etc.
Textile & Apparel (0.03% of top 25 products)
6110.10.10 Sweaters etc., wholly of cashmere*
Special (1.1% of top 25 products)
9801.00.10 US goods returned
9999.95.00 Informal entries under $1251
9810.00.70 Wild animals imported
Subtotal (Top 25 Products Account for 99.8 % of Total)
All Other
Total
26,210
26,210
936,558
608,695
280,706
47,157
87,629,127
203,126
87,832,253
* : Product for which the 2002 version of the HTS uses a somewhat different classification than was used in 2001.
4.7%
48
Table A-22. Top 2 US imports from Guinea-Bissau, 2001
Actual dollars, customs value, imports for consumption
HTS Item and Description
Duty-Free on NTR Basis (100% of top 2 products)
4907.00.00 Unused stamps of current or new issue in country
0301.10.00 Live ornamental fish
Imports NTR Tariff
18,933
16,066
2,867
Duty-Free For All GSP Countries (0% of top 2 products)
0
Duty-Free For LDC GSP Countries (0% of top 2 products)
0
Duty-Free Only For AGOA Countries (0% of top 2 products)
0
Textile & Apparel (0% of top 2 products)
0
Special (0% of top 2 products)
0
Total
18,933
* : Product for which the 2002 version of the HTS uses a somewhat different classification than was used in 2001.
Free
Free
49
Table A-23. Top 25 US imports from Kenya, 2001
Thousands of dollars, customs value, imports for consumption
Imports
NTR Tariff
41,316
12,007
11,501
7,891
2,608
1,543
1,375
1,217
823
690
576
567
518
Free
Free
Free
Free
Free
Free
Free
Free
Free
Free
Free
Free
Duty-Free For All GSP Countries (1.7% of top 25 products)
4420.10.00 Wooden statuettes and other wood ornaments
1,916
1,916
3.2%
Duty-Free For LDC GSP Countries (4.0% of top 25 products)
2401.20.85 Tobacco, partly or wholly stemmed/stripped
3808.10.50 Insecticides for retail sale or as preparations or articles
9507.90.70 Artificial baits and flies
0802.90.98 Nuts, fresh or dried, shelled
4,583
1,657
1,266
1,026
634
37.5¢/kg.
5.0%
9.0%
5.0¢/kg.
HTS Item and Description
Duty-Free on NTR Basis (36.2% of top 25 products)
0901.11.00 Coffee, not roasted, not decaffeinated
0902.40.00 Black tea (fermented) and partly fermented tea
1302.14.00 Saps and extracts of pyrethrum etc.
2101.20.20 Extracts, essences or concentrates of tea or mate
0304.20.60 Frozen fillets of fresh-water fish, flat fish, etc.
8524.31.00 Pre-recorded discs for laser reading systems
3203.00.10 Coloring matter of annato, archil, cochineal etc.
8525.20.90 Transmission apparatus incorporating reception apparatus
9706.00.00 Antiques of an age exceeding one hundred years
8542.13.80 Monolithic integrated circuits*
0901.12.00 Coffee, not roasted, decaffeinated
8524.39.40 Recorded discs for laser system etc.; propietary media
Duty-Free Only For AGOA Countries (0% of top 25 products)
Textile & Apparel (53.7% of top 25 products)
6204.62.40 Women’s or girls’ trousers etc. of cotton
6203.42.40 Men’s or boys’ trousers and shorts of cotton
6205.20.20 Men’s or boys’ shirts of cotton
6205.30.20 Men’s or boys’ shirts of manmade fibers
6208.92.00 Women’s or girls’ singlets etc. of man-made fibers
6204.42.30 Women’s or girls’ dresses of cotton
Special (4.4% of top 25 products)
9801.00.10 US goods returned
9999.95.00 Informal entries under $1251
Subtotal (Top 25 Products Account for 88.8% of Total)
All Other
Total
0
61,372
36,664
20,128
2,437
1,036
591
516
16.8%
16.8%
20.0%
[Complex]
16.2%
9.2%
5,035
4,300
735
114,220
14,362
128,582
* : Product for which the 2002 version of the HTS uses a somewhat different classification than was used in 2001.
50
Table A-24. Top 25 US imports from Lesotho, 2001
Thousands of dollars, customs value, imports for consumption
HTS Item and Description
Imports
Duty-Free on NTR Basis (0% of top 25 Products)
0
Duty-Free For All GSP Countries (0% of top 25 Products)
0
Duty-Free For LDC GSP Countries (0% of top 25 Products)
0
Duty-Free Only For AGOA Countries (0% of top 25 Products)
0
Textile & Apparel (100% of top 25 Products)
6110.20.20 Sweaters etc. of cotton
6204.62.40 Women’s or girls’ trousers etc. of cotton
6203.42.40 Men’s or boys’ trousers and shorts of cotton
6104.62.20 Women’s or girls’ trousers etc. of cotton
6105.10.00 Men’s or boys’ shirts of cotton
6106.10.00 Women’s or girls’ blouses and shirts of cotton
6110.30.30 Sweaters etc. of manmade fibers
6109.10.00 T-shirts, singlets etc. of cotton
6104.63.20 Women’s or girls’ trousers etc. of synthetic fibers
6103.42.10 Men’s or boys’ trousers etc. of cotton
6103.43.15 Men’s or boys’ trousers etc. of synthetic fibers
6109.90.10 T-shirts, singlets etc. of man-made fibers
6114.20.00 Garments of cotton
6105.20.20 Men’s or boys’ shirts of manmade fibers
6106.20.20 Women’s or girls’ blouses etc. of man-made fibers
6112.12.00 Track suits of synthetic fibers
6204.63.35 Women’s or girls’ trousers etc. of synthetic fibers
6206.30.30 Women’s or girls’ blouses and shirts of cotton
6203.43.40 Men’s or boys’ trousers etc. of synthetic fibers
6104.53.20 Women’s or girls’ skirts etc. of synthetic fibers
6211.11.10 Men’s or boys’ swimwear of man-made fibers
6111.20.60 Babies’ garments and clothing accessories of cotton
6108.91.00 Women’s or girls’ negligees etc. of cotton
6104.42.00 Women’s or girls’ dresses of cotton
6111.20.50 Babies’ trousers etc. of cotton
Special (0% of top 25 Products)
Subtotal (Top 25 Products Account for 99.6% of Total)
All Other
Total
216,193
62,213
52,956
45,852
8,216
7,311
7,269
7,157
6,445
6,008
3,827
2,294
1,633
1,260
753
494
414
352
316
307
251
200
188
176
157
144
0
216,193
973
217,165
NTR Tariff
17.3%
16.8%
16.8%
15.3%
20.0%
20.0%
32.4%
17.4%
28.6%
16.3%
28.6%
32.4%
10.9%
32.5%
32.5%
28.6%
29.0%
15.6%
28.3%
16.2%
28.2%
8.2%
8.6%
11.6%
15.3%
51
Table A-25. Top 25 US imports from Liberia, 2001
Actual dollars, customs value, imports for consumption
Imports
NTR Tariff
41,799,954
41,153,874
160,112
84,569
81,565
73,248
57,653
57,010
51,098
46,466
14,200
8,650
4,000
3,865
3,644
Free
Free
Free
Free
Free
Free
Free
Free
Free
Free
Free
Free
Free
Free
Duty-Free For All GSP Countries (0.1% of top 25 products)
8504.40.95 Static converters (for example, rectifiers)
4011.20.50 New pneumatic tires of rubber etc. (excluding radials)
8501.10.40 Electric motors of an output of under 18.65 W
56,026
48,682
4,500
2,844
1.5%
3.4%
4.4%
Duty-Free For LDC GSP Countries (0.06% of top 25 products)
7317.00.55 Iron or steel etc., made of round wire
8483.30.80 Bearing housings; plain shaft bearings
26,331
24,326
2,005
0.1%
4.5%
Duty-Free Only For AGOA Countries (0% of top 25 products)
0
HTS Item and Description
Duty-Free on NTR Basis (98.2% of top 25 products)
4001.10.00 Natural rubber latex, whether or not prevulcanized
9503.80.00 Toys and motors, incorporating a motor etc.
4407.99.00 Nonconiferous woods sawn etc., over 6 mm thick
9706.00.00 Antiques of an age exceeding one hundred years
8473.30.90 Parts & accessories of computers
4901.99.00 Printed books, brochures, leaflets etc.
8542.13.80 Monolithic integrated circuits*
7018.10.50 Glass beads (other than imitation pearls)
9705.00.00 Collections and collectors’ pieces of zoological etc.
1511.90.00 Palm oil
7108.11.00 Gold powder
8306.29.00 Base metal statuettes and other ornaments
1513.29.00 Palm kernel oil
8305.20.00 Base metal staples in strips
Textile & Apparel (0.08% of top 25 products)
6704.19.00 Wigs (partial) etc. of synthetic textile materials
6302.31.70 Bed linen, of cotton
6204.42.30 Women’s or girls’ dresses of cotton
5209.59.00 Printed woven fabrics of cotton
Special (1.5% of top 25 products)
9801.00.10 US goods returned
9999.95.00 Informal entries under $1251
Subtotal (Top 25 Products Account for 100% of Total)
All Other
Total
32,432
29,283
1,407
1,404
338
Free
4.6%
9.2%
8.5%
643,451
637,569
5,882
42,558,194
0
42,558,194
* : Product for which the 2002 version of the HTS uses a somewhat different classification than was used in 2001.
52
Table A-26. Top 25 US imports from Madagascar, 2001
Thousands of dollars, customs value, imports for consumption
Imports
NTR Tariff
83,368
75,517
1,508
1,176
1,052
2,517
1,598
Free
Free
Free
Free
Free
Free
Duty-Free For All GSP Countries (0.9% of top 25 products)
1701.11.10 Cane sugar, raw, in solid form
2,355
2,355
[Complex]
Duty-Free For LDC GSP Countries (0% of top 25 products)
0
Duty-Free Only For AGOA Countries (0% of top 25 products)
0
HTS Item and Description
Duty-Free on NTR Basis (32.6% of top 25 products)
0905.00.00 Vanilla beans
9706.00.00 Antiques of an age exceeding one hundred years
2504.10.50 Natural graphite in powder (other than crystalline flake)
3301.29.50 Essential oils (other than those of citrus fruits)
0907.00.00 Cloves (whole fruit, cloves and stems)
0901.11.00 Coffee, not roasted, not decaffeinated
Textile & Apparel (66.4% of top 25 products)
6110.20.20 Sweaters etc. of cotton
6203.42.40 Men’s or boys’ trousers and shorts of cotton
6204.62.40 Women’s or girls’ trousers etc. of cotton
6110.10.10 Sweaters etc. wholly of cashmere*
6205.20.20 Men’s or boys’ shirts of cotton
6110.10.20 Sweaters etc. of wool or fine animal hair*
6109.10.00 T-shirts, singlets etc. of cotton
6110.30.15 Sweaters etc. of manmade fibers
6110.30.30 Sweaters etc. of manmade fibers
6108.91.00 Women’s or girls’ negligees etc. of cotton
6104.62.20 Women’s or girls’ trousers etc. of cotton
6108.21.00 Women’s or girls’ briefs and panties of cotton
6103.43.15 Men’s or boys’ trousers etc. of synthetic fibers
6106.10.00 Women’s or girls’ blouses and shirts of cotton
6103.42.10 Men’s or boys’ trousers etc. of cotton
6114.20.00 Garments of cotton
6105.10.00 Men’s or boys’ shirts of cotton
6209.20.30 Babies’ trousers etc. of cotton
Special (0% of top 25 products)
Subtotal (Top 25 Products Account for 94.0%)
All Other
Total
169,646
40,756
27,977
24,931
20,652
12,221
9,075
5,534
4,828
4,263
3,694
2,859
2,319
2,250
2,240
1,930
1,503
1,432
1,182
17.3%
16.8%
16.8%
4.7%
20.0%
16.2%
17.4%
17.0%
32.4%
8.6%
15.3%
7.7%
28.6%
20.0%
16.3%
10.9%
20.0%
15.5%
0
255,369
16,423
271,791
* : Product for which the 2002 version of the HTS uses a somewhat different classification than was used in 2001.
53
Table A-27. Top 25 US imports from Malawi, 2001
Actual dollars, customs value, imports for consumption
Imports
NTR Tariff
13,446,491
12,601,169
586,633
169,727
57,983
30,979
Free
Free
Free
Free
Free
8,007,259
7,823,159
104,706
79,394
[complex]
2.5¢/kg.
0.8¢/kg.
Duty-Free For LDC GSP Countries (52.8% of top 25 products)
2401.20.85 Tobacco, partly or wholly stemmed/stripped
2401.20.83 Tobacco, partly or wholly stemmed/stripped
0802.90.98 Nuts, fresh or dried, shelled
37,779,933
20,689,113
16,373,812
717,008
37.5¢/kg.
37.5¢/kg.
5.0¢/kg.
Duty-Free Only For AGOA Countries (0% of top 25 products)
0
HTS Item and Description
Duty-Free on NTR Basis (18.8% of top 25 products)
0902.40.00 Black tea (fermented) and partly fermented tea
2401.30.23 Tobacco refuse, other than for cigarettes
0902.20.90 Green tea in packages over 3 kg, not flavored
0901.11.00 Coffee, not roasted, not decaffeinated
0301.10.00 Live ornamental fish
Duty-Free For All GSP Countries (11.2% of top 25 products)
1701.11.10 Cane sugar, raw, in solid form
0904.20.60 Fruits of the genus Capsicum, not ground
0713.39.40 Dried beans, shelled Sept.1-April 30
Textile & Apparel (17.1% of top 25 products)
6105.10.00 Men’s or boys’ shirts of cotton
6203.42.40 Men’s or boys’ trousers and shorts of cotton
6201.92.20 Men’s or boys’ anoraks, windbreakers etc.
6205.20.20 Men’s or boys’ shirts of cotton
6204.62.40 Women’s or girls’ trousers etc. of cotton
6204.63.35 Women’s or girls’ trousers etc. of synthetic fibers
6203.43.40 Men’s or boys’ trousers etc. of synthetic fibers
6110.20.20 Sweaters etc. of cotton
6110.30.30 Sweaters etc. of manmade fibers
6210.40.50 Men’s or boys’ garments
6205.30.20 Men’s or boys’ shirts of manmade fibers
6103.43.15 Men’s or boys’ trousers etc. of synthetic fibers
6109.10.00 T-shirts, singlets, etc. of cotton
Special (0.05% of top 25 products)
9999.95.00 Informal entries under $1251
Subtotal (Top 25 Products Account for 99.6% of Total)
All other
Total
12,219,314
2,292,760
2,876,393
1,680,876
1,192,871
850,746
748,779
731,564
562,977
441,572
322,152
269,452
160,787
88,385
39,223
39,223
71,492,220
308,114
71,800,334
20.0%
[complex]
9.5%
20.0%
16.8%
29.0%
28.3%
17.3%
32.4%
7.2%
[complex]
28.6%
17.4%
54
Table A-28. Top 25 US imports from Mali, 2001
Actual dollars, customs value, imports for consumption
Imports
NTR Tariff
3,044,717
1,051,001
452,207
298,272
260,000
166,899
147,775
129,200
107,459
103,545
82,992
59,882
48,359
47,344
46,782
43,000
Free
Free
Free
Free
Free
Free
Free
Free
Free
Free
Free
Free
Free
Free
Free
Duty-Free For All GSP Countries (6.3% of top 25 products)
4420.10.00 Wooden statuettes and other wood ornaments
4412.29.45 Plywood; surface covered other than clear
7108.13.70 Gold, nonmonetary, in semimanufactured forms
8536.50.40 Electrical motor starters (< 1,000 V)
7117.90.90 Imitation jewelry not of base metal or plastics
9028.90.00 Parts and accessories for gas, liquid etc.
366,964
121,466
80,579
55,783
47,961
23,500
37,675
3.2%
8.0%
4.1%
2.7%
11.0%
3.2%
Duty-Free For LDC GSP Countries (0% of top 25 products)
0
Duty-Free For AGOA Countries (0% of top 25 products)
0
HTS Item and Description
Duty-Free on NTR Basis (52.4% of top 25 products)
9503.70.00 Toys, put up in sets or outfits etc.
9705.00.00 Collections and collectors’ pieces of zoological etc.
9706.00.00 Antiques of an age exceeding one hundred years
7108.11.00 Gold powder
0106.00.50 Live animals other than horses, asses, mules etc.*
4102.29.00 Raw skins of sheep or lamb*
4103.10.00 Raw hides and skins of goats or kids *
8471.30.00 Portable digital automatic data processing machines*
8471.80.10 Control or adapter units for computer
4102.21.00 Raw skins of sheep or lambs
8542.13.80 Monolithic digital integrated circuits*
8536.90.40 Electrical terminals etc.
4103.90.00 Raw hides and skins of animals*
9401.69.60 Chairs with wooden frames (other than teak), not upholstered
7108.12.10 Gold, nonmonetary, bullion and dore
Textile & Apparel (0.8% of top 25 products)
6304.92.00 Furnishing articles of cotton
46,870
46,870
Special (40.5% of top 25 products)
9801.00.10 US goods returned
9999.95.00 Informal entries under $1251
9812.00.20 Articles imported by certain organizations
2,353,095
1,598,336
654,521
100,238
Subtotal (Top 25 Products Account for 93.7% of Total)
All Other
Total
5,811,646
393,730
6,205,376
* : Product for which the 2002 version of the HTS uses a somewhat different classification than was used in 2001.
6.5%
55
Table A-29. Top 10 US imports from Mauritania, 2001
Actual dollars, customs value, imports for consumption
HTS Item and Description
Duty-Free on NTR Basis (54.4% of top 10 products)
8542.30.00 Monolithic integrated circuits*
0307.59.00 Octopus, frozen, dried, salted
8542.19.80 Monolithic digital integrated circuits*
8471.41.00 Digital computers, nonportable over 10 kg
8525.20.30 Transceivers for radiotelephony etc.
9705.00.00 Collections and collectors’ pieces of zoological etc.
9505.90.60 Festive, carnival or other entertainment articles
Duty-Free For All GSP Countries (0% of top 10 products)
Imports
159,589
115,463
26,060
6,450
6,000
2,900
2,078
638
37,555
37,555
Duty-Free Only For AGOA Countries (0% of top 10 products)
0
Special (32.5% of top 10 products)
9801.00.10 US goods returned
Subtotal (Top 10 Products Account for 100% of Total)
All Other
Total
Free
Free
Free
Free
Free
Free
Free
0
Duty-Free For LDC GSP Countries (12.8% of top 10 products)
9507.10.00 Fishing rods and parts & accessories
Textile & Apparel (0.3% of top 10 products)
6214.90.00 Shawls etc. of textile materials
NTR Tariff
1,003
1,003
6.0%
11.3%
95,392
95,392
293,539
0
293,539
* : Product for which the 2002 version of the HTS uses a somewhat different classification than was used in 2001.
56
Table A-30. Top 25 US imports from Mauritius, 2001
Thousands of dollars, customs value, imports for consumption
Imports
NTR Tariff
Duty-Free on NTR Basis (5.1% of top 25 products)
7102.39.00 Nonindustrial diamonds, worked, but not mounted or set
0106.00.50 Live animals other than horses, asses, mules etc.*
9706.00.00 Antiques of an age exceeding one hundred years
3303.00.30 Perfumes and toilet waters, containing alcohol
13,013
6,927
3,280
1,817
989
Free
Free
Free
Free
Duty-Free For All GSP Countries (5.1% of top 25 products)
1701.11.10 Cane sugar, raw, in solid form
1703.90.50 Molasses
1703.10.50 Cane molasses
9004.10.00 Sunglasses, corrective, protective or other
7113.11.20 Silver articles of jewelry valued not over $18/dozen pieces
13,063
5,760
2,585
1,792
1,637
1,289
[Complex]
[Complex]
[Complex]
2.0%
13.5%
HTS Item and Description
Duty-Free For LDC GSP Countries (0% of top 25 products)
0
Duty-Free Only For AGOA Countries (0% of top 25 products)
0
Textile & Apparel (88.4% of top 25 products)
6203.42.40 Men’s or boys’ trousers and shorts of cotton
6204.62.40 Women’s or girls’ trousers etc. of cotton
6205.20.20 Men’s or boys’ shirts of cotton
6110.20.20 Sweaters etc. of cotton
6204.52.20 Women’s or girls’ skirts etc. of cotton
6109.10.00 T-shirts, singlets etc. of cotton
6110.10.20 Sweaters etc. of wool or fine animal hair
6105.10.00 Men’s or boys’ shirts of cotton
6104.62.20 Women’s or girls’ trousers etc. of cotton
6110.30.30 Sweaters etc. of manmade fibers
6106.20.20 Women’s or girls’ blouses and shirts of man-made fibers
6106.10.00 Women’s or girls’ blouses and shirts of cotton
6202.92.20 Women’s or girls’ anoraks etc. of cotton
6204.42.30 Women’s or girls’ dresses of cotton
6206.30.30 Women’s or girls’ blouses and shirts of cotton
Special (1.4% of top 25 products)
9801.00.10 US goods returned
Subtotal (Top 25 Products Account for 92.9% of Total)
All Other
Total
225,985
66,898
57,827
42,731
25,830
7,084
5,297
4,088
3,665
3,157
2,904
1,814
1,595
1,248
925
922
3,600
3,600
255,663
19,464
275,127
* : Product for which the 2002 version of the HTS uses a somewhat different classification than was used in 2001.
16.8%
16.8%
20.0%
17.3%
8.3%
17.4%
16.2%
20.0%
15.3%
32.4%
32.5%
20.0%
9.0%
9.2%
15.6%
57
Table A-31. Top 25 US imports from Mozambique, 2001
Actual dollars, customs value, imports for consumption
Imports
NTR Tariff
Duty-Free on NTR Basis (20.4% of top 25 products)
0801.32.00 Cashew nuts, fresh or dried, shelled
2008.19.10 Brazil nuts and cashew nuts
0106.00.50 Live animals other than horses, asses, mules etc.*
4407.10.00 Coniferous wood sawn etc. over 6 mm thick
9705.00.00 Collections and collectors’ pieces of zoological etc.
9703.00.00 Original sculptures and statuary, in any material
8542.13.80 Monolithic digital integrated circuits*
4403.99.00 Wood in the rough
4403.20.00 Coniferous wood in the rough
9503.49.00 Toys or parts representing animals/non-human
4907.00.00 Unused stamps of current or new issue in country
6815.99.40 Articles of stone or of other mineral substances
9505.10.15 Articles for Christmas festivities, ornaments of wood
1,437,088
1,090,211
153,020
96,758
36,972
15,000
12,700
8,100
7,142
5,073
4,638
3,500
2,340
1,634
Free
Free
Free
Free
Free
Free
Free
Free
Free
Free
Free
Free
Free
Duty-Free For All GSP Countries (74.8% of top 25 products)
1701.11.10 Cane sugar, raw, in solid form
7325.99.50 Steel, cast articles
6802.99.00 Monumental or building stone
4420.10.00 Wooden statuettes and other wood ornaments
4421.90.98 Articles of wood*
5,277,743
5,253,319
9,748
6,595
5,550
2,531
[Complex]
2.9%
6.5%
3.2%
3.3%
HTS Item and Description
Duty-Free For LDC GSP Countries (0% of top 25 products)
0
Duty-Free Only For AGOA Countries (0% of top 25 products)
0
Textile & Apparel (2.5% of top 25 products)
6202.93.45 Women’s or girls’ anoraks etc. of manmade fibers
6110.30.30 Sweaters etc. of manmade fibers
6201.93.30 Men’s or boys’ anoraks etc. of manmade fibers
6205.20.20 Men’s or boys’ shirts of cotton
179,179
85,423
75,382
9,430
8,944
Special (2.3% of top 25 products)
9801.00.10 US goods returned
9999.95.00 Informal entries under $1251
9801.00.25 Articles reimported
164,619
95,350
45,229
24,040
Subtotal (Top 25 Products Account for 99.9% of Total)
All Other
Total
7.2%
32.4%
7.2%
20.0%
7,058,629
1,429
7,060,058
* : Product for which the 2002 version of the HTS uses a somewhat different classification than was used in 2001.
58
Table A-32. Top 25 US imports from Namibia, 2001
Actual dollars, customs value, imports for consumption
Imports
NTR Tariff
35,917,623
11,446,122
11,301,632
9,959,713
1,699,555
281,893
277,658
185,826
182,644
136,794
89,734
84,520
74,211
30,471
30,115
26,708
24,467
23,760
22,580
20,720
18,500
Free
Free
Free
Free
Free
Free
Free
Free
Free
Free
Free
Free
Free
Free
Free
Free
Free
Free
Free
Free
Duty-Free For All GSP Countries (0.2% of top 25 products)
4420.10.00 Wooden statuettes and other wood ornaments
67,047
67,047
3.2%
Duty-Free For LDC GSP Countries (0% of top 25 products)
0
Duty-Free Only For AGOA Countries (0% of top 25 products)
0
HTS Item and Description
Duty-Free on NTR Basis (95.4% of top 25 products)
7402.00.00 Unrefined copper
2844.10.20 Natural uranium compounds
0304.20.60 Frozen fillets of fresh-water fish, flat fish, etc.
0304.20.50 Fillets and minced meat, frozen, of hake
0306.11.00 Rock lobster, frozen
0303.79.40 Fish, frozen
7105.10.00 Diamond dust and powder
7204.29.00 Alloy steel (other than stainless) waste and scrap
7102.21.40 Industrial diamonds, unworked
0304.20.20 Frozen fish fillets, skinned
7102.29.00 Industrial diamonds, worked, but not mounted or set
0302.69.20 Smelts, cusk, hake, etc.
0302.32.00 Yellowfin tunas
6815.99.40 Articles of stone or other mineral substances
8431.31.00 Parts suitable for use solely with skip hoists or escalators
9705.00.00 Collections and collectors’ pieces of zoological etc.
2203.00.00 Beer made from malt
3101.00.00 Animal or vegetable fertilizers
0302.39.00 Tunas except fillets, livers, roes etc.
7108.11.00 Gold powder
Textile & Apparel (0.3% of top 25 products)
6201.93.30 Men’s or boys’ anoraks etc. of manmade fibers
6202.93.45 Women’s or girls’ anoraks etc. of manmade fibers
Special (4.2% of top 25 products)
9999.95.00 Informal entries under $1251
9801.00.10 US goods returned
Subtotal (Top 25 Products Account for 99.5% of Total)
All Other
Total
95,325
61,939
33,386
1,571,463
855,652
715,811
37,651,458
193,123
37,844,581
7.2%
7.2%
59
Table A-33. Top 25 US imports from Niger, 2001
Actual dollars, customs value, imports for consumption
HTS Item and Description
Imports
NTR Tariff
Duty-Free on NTR Basis (28.0% of top 25 products)
8471.70.60 Computer storage units
9026.90.60 Parts & Accessories of nonelectrical instruments
8412.21.00 Hydraulic power engines and motors, linear acting (cylinders)
9018.90.80 Instrument used in medical, surgical, dental purposes
9026.10.40 Flow meters for measuring the flow of liquids
8479.90.95 Parts of machines having individual functions*
8803.30.00 Parts of airplanes and helicopters
3406.00.00 Candles, tapers
3915.90.00 Waste, parings and scrap, of plastics
8411.91.90 Parts of turbojets or turbopropellers
0101.19.00 Live horses other than purebred breeding horses*
377,996
90,825
71,161
64,000
37,307
35,263
28,601
23,379
7,493
7,265
6,370
6,332
Free
Free
Free
Free
Free
Free
Free
Free
Free
Free
Free
Duty-Free For All GSP Countries (34.1% of top 25 products)
4802.60.90 Paper and paperboard for graphic arts purposes*
3920.62.00 Nonadhesive plates etc. of poly (ethylene terephthalate)
3903.30.00 Acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymers, in primary forms
2922.42.50 Glutamic acid and its salts, other than monosodium glutamate
8483.40.90 Gears and gearing
8409.91.50 Parts used solely with engines for vehicles
4810.12.00 Paper or Paperboard for writing: over 150g/m2 etc.*
465,907
261,183
84,047
58,177
29,134
19,823
6,971
6,572
0.6%
4.2%
6.5%
3.7%
2.5%
2.5%
0.5%
Duty-Free For LDC GSP Countries (9.7% of top 25 products)
8102.91.10 Molybdenum, unwrought*
7604.21.00 Aluminum alloy, hollow profiles
3918.10.40 Wall or ceiling coverings of textile fibers, not man-made
132,313
107,514
13,799
11,000
[Complex]
1.5%
5.3%
Duty-Free Only For AGOA Countries (0% of top 25 products)
Textile & Apparel (3.5% of top 25 products)
6214.20.00 Shawls etc. of wool or fine animal hair
6301.20.00 Blankets etc. of wool or fine animal hair
Special (25.0% of top 25 products)
9999.95.00 Informal entries under $1251
9801.00.10 US goods returned
Subtotal (Top 25 Products Account for 95.7% of Total)
All Other
Total
0
47,486
30,453
17,033
341,639
280,855
60,784
1,365,341
61,317
1,426,658
* : Product for which the 2002 version of the HTS uses a somewhat different classification than was used in 2001.
6.7%
[Complex]
60
Table A-34. Top 25 US imports from Nigeria, 2001
Thousands of dollars, customs value, imports for consumption
HTS Item and Description
Imports
NTR Tariff
Duty-Free on NTR Basis (10.9% of top 25 products)
2713.11.00 Coke, petroleum, not calcined
2711.11.00 Natural gas, liquefied
2711.29.00 Petroleum gases and other gaseous hydrocarbons
2711.12.00 Propane, liquefied
2901.21.00 Ethylene
2901.22.00 Propene (Propylene)
2711.14.00 Ethylene etc., liquefied
2711.13.00 Butanes, liquefied
2902.44.00 Mixed xylene isomers
2711.19.00 Liquefied petroleum gases and other gaseous hydrocarbons
2902.20.00 Benzene
2713.20.00 Petroleum bitumen
2707.99.50 Products of hi-temp coal tar distillation etc.
2902.70.00 Cumene
2503.00.00 Sulfur of all kinds other than sublimed sulfur etc.
2615.90.60 Niobium, tantalum or vanadium ores and concentrates
2901.10.10 Ethane and butane
2902.30.00 Toluene
2901.24.10 Buta-l,3-diene
2802.00.00 Sulfur, sublimed or precipitated; colloidal sulfur
969,826
206,594
176,129
151,084
73,312
59,893
59,165
32,373
30,393
27,941
24,380
20,633
20,295
15,612
13,339
13,188
11,881
10,128
9,567
7,698
6,221
Free
Free
Free
Free
Free
Free
Free
Free
Free
Free
Free
Free
Free
Free
Free
Free
Free
Free
Free
Free
Duty-Free For All GSP Countries (0% of top 25 products)
0
Duty-Free For LDC GSP Countries (89.1% of top 25 products)
2709.00.20 Petroleum oils and oils from bituminous minerals
2710.00.05 Distillate and residual fuel oils from bitum. mins.*
2710.00.10 Distillate and residual fuel oils from bitum. mins.*
2710.00.45 Mixture of hydrocarbons*
2710.00.25 Naphthas from petro oils and bitum. mins.*
7,913,419
6,843,782
481,659
479,587
60,185
48,206
Duty-Free Only For AGOA Countries (0% of top 25 products)
0
Textile & Apparel (0% of top 25 products)
0
Special (0% of top 25 products)
0
Subtotal (Top 25 Products Account for 99.6% of Total)
All Other
Total
10.5¢/bbl.
5.25¢/bbl.
10.5¢/bbl.
10.5¢/bbl.
10.5¢/bbl.
8,883,245
33,231
8,916,476
* : Product for which the 2002 version of the HTS uses a somewhat different classification than was used in 2001.
61
Table A-35. Top 15 US imports from Rwanda, 2001
Actual dollars, customs value, imports for consumption
Imports
NTR Tariff
6,797,234
3,667,510
3,101,332
10,668
8,500
6,100
3,124
Free
Free
Free
Free
Free
Free
Duty-Free For All GSP Countries (1.9% of top 15 products)
9005.80.40 Optical telescopes, including monoculars
2611.00.60 Tungsten concentrates
4420.10.00 Wooden statuettes and other wood ornaments
3924.90.55 Household & toilet articles etc. of plastics
9031.49.90 Optical measuring or checking instruments
3920.10.00 Nonadhesive plates etc. of polymers of ethylene
138,045
45,108
32,522
20,230
17,597
11,411
11,177
8.0%
[Complex]
3.2%
3.4%
3.5%
4.2%
Duty-Free For LDC GSP Countries (3.7% of top 15 products)
3808.10.50 Insecticides for retail sale or as preparations or articles
265,240
265,240
5.0%
HTS Item and Description
Duty-Free on NTR Basis (94.1% of top 15 products)
0901.11.00 Coffee, not roasted, not decaffeinated
2615.90.60 Niobium, tantalum or vanadium ores etc.
9701.10.00 Paintings, drawings and pastels
9706.00.00 Antiques of an age exceeding one hundred years
8534.00.00 Printed circuits, without elements
8473.30.50 Parts & Accessories of computers
Duty-Free Only For AGOA Countries (0% of top 15 products)
Textile & Apparel (0.008% of top 15 products)
4202.22.40 Handbags outer surface of textile materials
Special (0.3% of top 15 products)
9999.95.00 Informal entries under $1251
Subtotal (Top 15 Products Account for 100% of Total)
All Other
Total
0
613
613
19,739
19,739
7,220,871
0
7,220,871
7.6%
62
Table A-36. Top 17 US imports from Sao Tome and Principe, 2001
Actual dollars, customs value, imports for consumption
HTS Item and Description
Imports
NTR Tariff
Duty-Free on NTR Basis (68.1% of top 17 products)
8448.39.10 Parts of spinning, doubling or twisting machines
8542.13.80 Monolithic digital integrated circuits*
8431.39.00 Parts for use with lifting, handling machinery
8473.30.90 Parts & Accessories of computers
8413.60.00 Rotary positive displacement pumps for liquids
8516.80.80 Electric heating resistors
219,590
167,583
17,347
15,066
9,730
6,093
3,771
Free
Free
Free
Free
Free
Free
68,769
49,851
5,394
5,319
4,502
3,392
311
3.1%
2.7%
2.8%
2.0%
2.9%
3.0%
Duty-Free For All GSP Countries (21.3% of top 17 products)
8477.90.85 Parts of machinery for working rubber or plastics etc.
8537.10.90 Boards etc. equipped with apparatus for electric control
7318.29.00 Iron or steel, nonthreaded articles etc.
8481.20.00 Valves for oleohydraulic or pneumatic transmissions
7326.90.85 Articles of Iron or steel
3910.00.00 Silicones in primary forms
Duty-Free For LDC GSP Countries (0% of top 17 products)
0
Duty-Free Only For AGOA Countries (0% of top 17 products)
0
Textile & Apparel (5.9% of top 17 products)
5209.49.00 Woven fabrics of cotton of yarns of different colors
5007.20.00 Woven fabrics of silk or of silk waste
5910.00.90 Transmission etc. of textile materials
18,897
1,994
16,269
634
Special (4.7% of top 17 products)
9801.00.10 US goods returned
9999.95.00 Informal entries under $1251
15,050
12,500
2,550
Subtotal (Top 17 Products Account for 100% of Total)
All Other
Total
8.5%
Free
3.1%
322,306
0
322,306
* : Product for which the 2002 version of the HTS uses a somewhat different classification than was used in 2001.
63
Table A-37. Top 25 US imports from Senegal, 2001
Thousands of dollars, customs value, imports for consumption
Imports
NTR Tariff
Duty-Free on NTR Basis (2.9% of top 25 products)
8473.30.10 Parts & Accessories of computers, printed circuit assembles
8525.40.40 Digital still image video cameras
0302.69.40 Fish, excluding fillets, livers and roes, fresh or chilled etc.
8471.70.40 Computer magnetic disk drive storage
8471.50.00 Digital processing units
9027.30.40 Electrical spectrometers, spectrophotometers etc.
4906.00.00 Hand-drawn original plans and drawings
0306.13.00 Shrimps and prawns, dried, salted, frozen
0307.99.00 Molluscs etc. frozen, dried, salted
1520.00.00 Glycerol, crude; glycerol waters and glycerol lyes
0304.10.40 Fillets etc., fresh or chilled
2,953
841
661
634
321
132
115
96
72
44
22
15
Free
Free
Free
Free
Free
Free
Free
Free
Free
Free
Free
Duty-Free For All GSP Countries (1.1% of top 25 products)
2905.45.00 Glycerol
9032.89.60 Automatic regulating instruments and apparatus
9206.00.20 Percussion musical instruments; drums
4420.10.00 Wooden statuettes and other wood ornaments
8537.10.90 Boards etc. equipped with apparatus for electric control
8536.50.90 Switches
1,073
434
426
97
58
40
18
0.5¢/kg.
1.7%
4.8%
3.2%
2.7%
2.7%
Duty-Free For LDC GSP Countries (5.4% of top 25 products)
1508.10.00 Crude peanut (ground-nut) oil
5,543
5,543
7.5¢/kg.
HTS Item and Description
Duty-Free Only For AGOA Countries (0% of top 25 products)
Textile & Apparel (1.3% of top 25 products)
6704.19.00 Wigs (partial) etc. of synthetic textile materials
6703.00.60 Wool or other animal hair etc. for use in making wigs
6704.11.00 Wigs (complete) of synthetic textile materials
5208.52.40 Printed plain weave fabrics of cotton of number 43-68
6704.90.00 Wigs, false beards etc. of animal hair or textile materials
Special (89.4% of top 25 products)
9801.00.10 US goods returned
9999.95.00 Informal entries under $1251
Subtotal (Top 25 Products Account for 99.8% of Total)
All Other
Total
0
1,279
1,127
64
36
30
22
91,295
84,358
6,937
102,144
201
102,345
Free
Free
Free
11.4%
Free
64
Table A-38. Top 25 US imports from Seychelles, 2001
Actual dollars, customs value, imports for consumption
Imports
NTR Tariff
Duty-Free on NTR Basis (69.7% of top 25 products)
0304.20.60 Frozen fillets of fresh-water fish, flat fish, etc.
0303.79.40 Fish, frozen, excluding fillets etc.
9030.40.00 Instruments & apparatus designed for telecommunications
2504.90.00 Natural graphite, other than in powder or in flakes
0303.77.00 Sea bass, frozen, excluding fillets
8473.30.50 Parts & accessories of computer machines
8545.90.40 Lamp carbons, battery carbons and articles of graphite etc.
8471.41.00 Digital computer machines, nonportable or over 10 kg
4407.10.00 Coniferous wood sawn etc. of a thickness exceeding 6 mm
8542.13.80 Monolithic digital integrated circuits*
8473.30.10 Parts & Accessories of computers, printed circuit assembles
8542.50.00 Electronic microassemblies*
4901.99.00 Printed books, brochures etc.
9009.90.70 Parts and accessories of photocopying apparatus*
9403.20.00 Furniture (other than seats) of metal
4911.10.00 Printed trade advertising material, commercial catalogs
9503.90.00 Toys, parts & accessories, reduced size
9703.00.00 Original sculptures and statuary, in any material
16,527,722
14,279,390
1,075,866
375,632
354,718
283,452
44,620
25,994
13,528
13,155
12,864
11,000
8,593
8,442
8,319
3,461
2,901
2,895
2,892
Free
Free
Free
Free
Free
Free
Free
Free
Free
Free
Free
Free
Free
Free
Free
Free
Free
Free
Duty-Free For All GSP Countries (18.7% of top 25 products)
9020.00.90 Parts & accessories of breathing appliances & gas masks
4203.30.00 Belts and bandoliers of leather or of composition leather
8501.10.60 Electric motors (18.65W < W < 37.5W)
8544.30.00 Insulated ignition wiring sets used in vehicles/aircraft/ships
3707.90.32 Chemical preparations for photographic uses
4,442,111
4,405,500
24,408
5,200
4,428
2,575
2.5%
2.7%
2.8%
5.0%
6.5%
HTS Item and Description
Duty-Free For LDC GSP Countries (0% of top 25 products)
0
Duty-Free Only For AGOA Countries (0% of top 25 products)
0
Textile & Apparel (0% of top 25 products)
0
Special (11.5% of top 25 products)
9999.95.00 Informal entries under $1251
9801.00.10 US goods returned
Subtotal (Top 25 Products Account for 99.9% of Total)
All Other
Total
2,728,076
2,042,495
685,581
23,697,909
2,856
23,700,765
* : Product for which the 2002 version of the HTS uses a somewhat different classification than was used in 2001.
65
Table A-39. Top 25 US imports from Sierra Leone, 2001
Actual dollars, customs value, imports for consumption
HTS Item and Description
Duty-Free on NTR Basis (30.4% of top 25 products)
9401.90.40 Parts of seats, of wood
2941.90.50 Antibiotics other than aromatic or modified aromatic antibiotics
7102.21.10 Miners’ diamonds, unworked
9403.90.70 Parts of furniture of wood
7102.31.00 Nonindustrial diamonds, unworked
2302.30.00 Bran etc. from the sifting, milling of wheat
9401.90.10 Parts of seats, for seats of a kind used for motor vehicles
9403.60.80 Furniture of wooden
1511.90.00 Palm oil
Duty-Free For All GSP Countries (19.4% of top 25 products)
8302.10.60 Iron, aluminum, etc. parts, not designed for motor vehicles
3908.10.00 Polyamide
8411.99.90 Parts of gas turbines
9008.30.00 Image projectors, other than cinematographic
4013.90.50 Inner tubes of rubber for vehicles
8708.29.50 Parts & Accessories of bodies for motor vehicles
Imports
NTR Tariff
1,086,886
230,203
207,498
152,708
121,147
80,882
80,752
75,744
73,039
64,913
Free
Free
Free
Free
Free
Free
Free
Free
Free
693,672
195,860
153,530
101,500
94,630
81,535
66,617
3.5%
6.3%
2.4%
4.6%
3.7%
2.5%
Duty-Free For LDC GSP Countries (0% of top 25 products)
0
Duty-Free Only For AGOA Countries (0% of top 25 products)
0
Textile & Apparel (50.3% of top 25 products)
6204.11.00 Women’s or girls’ suits of wool or fine animal hair
6403.99.60 Footwear with outer soles of rubber etc. not covering the ankle
6403.91.60 Footwear with outer soles of rubber etc. covering the ankle
6204.31.20 Women’s or girls’ suit-type jackets of wool or fine animal hair
6403.99.90 Footwear valued over $2.50/pair tennis; not for women
6206.10.00 Women’s or girls’ blouses etc. of silk or silk waste
6204.19.20 Women’s or girls’ suits, of artificial fibers
4203.10.40 Articles of apparel, of leather or of composition leather
6202.11.00 Women’s or girls’ overcoats etc. of wool or fine animal hair
6204.51.00 Women’s or girls’ skirts etc. of wool or fine animal hair
Special (0% of top 25 products)
Subtotal (Top 25 Products Account for 77.1% of Total)
All Other
Total
1,799,063
359,563
357,473
345,139
187,800
148,553
126,147
71,188
70,831
70,819
61,550
0
3,579,621
1,060,842
4,640,463
* : Product for which the 2002 version of the HTS uses a somewhat different classification than was used in 2001.
14.6%
8.5%
8.5%
[Complex]
10.0%
7.0%
[Complex]
6.0%
[Complex]
14.6%
66
Table A-40. Top 16 US imports from Somalia, 2001
Actual dollars, customs value, imports for consumption
HTS Item and Description
Imports
NTR Tariff
Duty-Free on NTR Basis (62.2% of top 16 products)
3301.29.50 Essential oils (other than those of citrus fruits)
1301.90.90 Natural gums, resins, gum-resins etc.
2701.19.00 Coal, other than anthracite, but not agglomerated
8512.90.60 Parts of electrical lighting equipment for motor vehicles
4907.00.00 Unused stamps of current or new issue in country
2508.10.00 Bentonite clay, whether or not calcined
8524.39.40 Recorded discs for laser system; propietary media
7118.10.00 Coin (other than gold coin), not being legal tender
9403.50.90 Furniture (other than seats) of wood (other than bentwood)
213,556
151,096
25,934
12,000
8,037
5,000
3,401
3,010
2,880
2,198
Free
Free
Free
Free
Free
Free
Free
Free
Free
Duty-Free For All GSP Countries (0% of top 16 products)
0
Duty-Free For LDC GSP Countries (17.6% of top 16 products)
2401.20.83 Tobacco, partly or wholly stemmed/stripped
8504.40.95 Static converters (for example, rectifiers)
60,293
55,943
4,350
Duty-Free Only For AGOA Countries (0% of top 16 products)
0
Textile & Apparel (20.1% of top 16 products)
6110.10.10 Sweaters etc. wholly of cashmere*
6204.62.40 Women’s or girls’ trousers etc. of cotton
6203.39.90 Men’s or boys’ suit-type jackets etc. of text materials
5007.90.60 Silk woven fabrics of silk
69,076
50,874
16,823
1,029
350
Special (0.1% of top 16 products)
9999.95.00 Informal entries under $1251
Subtotal (Top 16 Products Account for 100% of Total)
All Other
Total
37.5¢/kg.
1.5%
4.7%
16.8%
6.6%
4.7%
370
370
343,295
0
343,295
* : Product for which the 2002 version of the HTS uses a somewhat different classification than was used in 2001.
67
Table A-41. Top 25 US imports from South Africa, 2001
Thousands of dollars, customs value, imports for consumption
Imports
NTR Tariff
2,491,847
802,298
403,802
289,641
217,579
165,775
161,600
140,300
77,157
58,581
54,920
34,712
30,738
27,394
27,350
Free
Free
Free
Free
Free
Free
Free
Free
Free
Free
Free
Free
Free
Free
Duty-Free for All GSP Countries (5.9% of Top 25 Products)
7606.12.30 Aluminum alloy, plates/sheets/strip
7202.41.00 Ferrochromium containing more than 4 percent of carbon
7202.30.00 Ferrosilicon manganese
2804.69.10 Silicon, 99-99.99 percent silicon
8708.70.45 Parts & Accessories of motor vehicles
187,966
56,294
42,932
37,400
29,086
22,254
3.0%
1.9%
3.9%
5.3%
2.5%
Duty-Free for LDC GSP Countries (9.7% of Top 25 Products)
8703.24.00 Motor cars & other vehicles
7202.11.50 Ferromanganese containing more than 4 percent of carbon
7207.12.00 Iron or nonalloy steel semifinished products
309,011
255,632
31,910
21,469
2.5%
1.5%
0.8%
HTS Item and Description
Duty-Free on an NTR Basis (78.3% of Top 25 Products)
7110.11.00 Platinum, unwrought or in powder form
7110.21.00 Palladium, unwrought or in powder form
7102.31.00 Nonindustrial diamonds, unworked or simply sawn
7110.31.00 Rhodium, unwrought or in powder form
8421.39.40 Catalytic converters
7102.39.00 Nonindustrial diamonds, worked, but not mounted or set
2620.90.50 Slag over 40% titanium*
2901.29.50 Unsaturated acyclic hydrocarbons
2614.00.60 Titanium ores and concentrates, not synthetic rutile
7110.29.00 Palladium, in semimanufactured forms
7110.41.00 Iridium, osmium and ruthenium, unwrought or powder form
2844.10.20 Natural uranium compounds
7601.10.60 Aluminum (other than alloy), unwrought
8704.10.50 Motor vehicles: dumpers designed for off-highway use
Duty-Free Only for AGOA Countries (0% of Top 25 Products)
Textile & Apparel (2.7% of Top 25 Products)
6110.20.20 Sweaters etc. of cotton
6203.42.40 Men’s or boys’ trousers etc. of cotton
Special (3.4% of Top 25 Products)
9801.00.10 US goods returned
Subtotal (Top 25 Products Account for 71.9% of Total)
All Other
Total
0
84,879
61,358
23,521
109,155
109,155
3,182,859
1,246,680
4,429,539
17.3%
16.8%
68
Table A-42. Top 6 US imports from Sudan, 2001
Actual dollars, customs value, imports for consumption
HTS Item and Description
Duty-Free on NTR Basis (98.8% of top 6 products)
1301.20.00 Gum Arabic
1301.90.90 Natural gums, resins, gum-resins etc.
8471.80.10 Control units for automatic data processing machines
1207.40.00 Sesame seeds, whether or not broken
Duty-Free For All GSP Countries (0.05% of top 6 products)
4203.30.00 Belts and bandoliers of leather or of composition leather
Imports
NTR Tariff
3,344,359
2,889,040
440,700
7,538
7,081
Free
Free
Free
Free
1,690
1,690
2.7%
Duty-Free For LDC GSP Countries (0% of top 6 products)
0
Duty-Free Only For AGOA Countries (0% of top 6 products)
0
Textile & Apparel (0% of top 6 products)
0
Special (1.2% of top 6 products)
9801.00.10 US goods returned
Subtotal (Top 6 Products Account 100% of Total)
All Other
Total
39,340
39,340
3,385,389
0
3,385,389
69
Table A-43. Top 25 US imports from Swaziland, 2001
Actual dollars, customs value, imports for consumption
Imports
NTR Tariff
Duty-Free on NTR Basis (14.2% of top 25 products)
9403.60.80 Furniture of wooden
4703.11.00 Chemical woodpulp etc. of unbleached coniferous wood
8422.20.00 Machinery for cleaning or drying bottles etc.
3406.00.00 Candles, tapers
8441.30.00 Machines for making cartons, boxes, cases etc.
9401.69.80 Seats with wooden frames, not upholstered
9401.69.60 Chairs with wooden frames not upholstered
8,973,244
3,348,931
2,357,319
1,689,956
690,946
370,000
339,131
176,961
Free
Free
Free
Free
Free
Free
Free
Duty-Free For All GSP Countries (10.0% of top 25 products)
1701.11.10 Cane sugar, raw, in solid form
6,369,003
6,369,003
[Complex]
168,216
168,216
1.1¢/kg.
HTS Item and Description
Duty-Free For LDC GSP Countries (0.3% of top 25 products)
2008.30.70 Grapefruit (other than peel or pulp)
Duty-Free Only For AGOA Countries (0% of top 25 products)
0
Textile & Apparel (74.9% of top 25 products)
6110.20.20 Sweaters etc. of cotton
6105.10.00 Men’s or boys’ shirts, of cotton
6203.42.40 Men’s or boys’ trousers and shorts of cotton
6106.10.00 Women’s or girls’ blouses and shirts of cotton
6204.62.40 Women’s or girls’ trousers etc. of cotton
6110.30.30 Sweaters of manmade fibers
6103.42.10 Men’s or boys’ trousers etc. of cotton
6109.10.00 T-shirts, singlets etc. of cotton
6104.62.20 Women’s or girls’ trousers etc. of cotton
6105.20.20 Men’s or boys’ shirts, of manmade fibers
6114.20.00 Garments of cotton
6103.43.15 Men’s or boys’ trousers etc. of synthetic fibers
6108.31.00 Women’s or girls’ nightdresses and pajamas of cotton
6104.63.20 Women’s or girls’ trousers etc. of synthetic fibers
47,495,908
23,514,652
6,747,937
3,203,234
3,083,010
2,741,391
1,844,740
1,809,700
1,245,600
1,136,404
676,688
646,736
595,415
137,912
112,489
Special (0.3% of top 25 products)
9999.95.00 Informal entries under $1251
214,220
214,220
Dutiable, No Preferences (0.3% of top 25 products)
1701.99.50 Cane/beet sugar & pure sucrose, refined, in solid form
159,606
159,606
Subtotal (Top 25 Products Account for 97.5% of Total)
All Other
Total
63,380,197
1,655,814
65,036,011
17.3%
20.0%
16.8%
20.0%
16.8%
32.4%
16.3%
17.4%
15.3%
32.5%
10.9%
28.6%
8.6%
28.6%
35.74¢/kg.
70
Table A-44. Top 25 US imports from Tanzania, 2001
Actual dollars, customs value, imports for consumption
Imports
NTR Tariff
23,407,863
10,273,535
4,782,324
2,386,400
1,711,113
938,094
797,307
673,106
346,995
237,112
207,990
200,000
193,999
162,050
115,790
103,994
103,594
88,860
85,600
Free
Free
Free
Free
Free
Free
Free
Free
Free
Free
Free
Free
Free
Free
Free
Free
Free
Free
Duty-Free For All GSP Countries (1.4% of top 25 products)
4420.10.00 Wooden statuettes and other wood ornaments
0106.00.10 Live birds, other than poultry*
373,231
191,051
182,180
3.2%
1.8%
Duty-Free For LDC GSP Countries (3.0% of top 25 products)
2401.20.83 Tobacco, partly or wholly stemmed/stripped
2401.20.85 Tobacco, partly or wholly stemmed/stripped
777,723
406,603
371,120
37.5¢/kg.
37.5¢/kg.
HTS Item and Description
Duty-Free on NTR Basis (88.8% of top 25 products)
7103.99.10 Precious or semiprecious stones for jewelry manufacture
0304.20.60 Frozen fillets of fresh-water fish, flat fish, etc.
1302.14.00 Saps and extracts of pyrethrum etc.
0901.11.00 Coffee, not roasted, not decaffeinated
7103.10.20 Precious stones & semiprecious stones, unworked
1212.20.00 Seaweeds and other algae
0801.32.00 Cashew nuts, fresh or dried, shelled
0106.00.50 Live animals other than horses, asses, mules etc.*
8525.20.30 Transceivers for radiotelephony etc.
7102.31.00 Nonindustrial diamonds, unworked
8428.60.00 Teleferics, chair lifts; traction mechanisms for funiculars
4407.99.00 Nonconiferous woods sawn etc. over 6 mm thick
1521.90.40 Insect waxes and spermaceti
9705.00.00 Collections and collectors’ pieces of zoological etc.
0301.10.00 Live ornamental fish
0902.40.00 Black tea (fermented) and partly fermented tea
4103.90.00 Raw hides and skins of animals*
7103.91.00 Rubies, sapphires and emeralds, worked
Duty-Free Only For AGOA Countries (0% of top 25 products)
Textile & Apparel (1.4% of top 25 products)
5209.11.00 Unbleached plain weave fabrics of cotton
Special (5.4% of top 25 products)
9999.95.00 Informal entries under $1251
9801.00.10 US goods returned
Subtotal (Top 25 Products Account for 96.8% of Total)
All Other
Total
0
376,224
376,224
1,415,659
770,641
645,018
26,350,700
878,507
27,229,207
* : Product for which the 2002 version of the HTS uses a somewhat different classification than was used in 2001.
6.5%
71
Table A-45. Top 25 US imports from Togo, 2001
Actual dollars, customs value, imports for consumption
Imports
NTR Tariff
5,668,551
4,567,856
571,855
220,072
215,979
71,726
7,933
6,880
3,950
2,300
Free
Free
Free
Free
Free
Free
Free
Free
Free
177,755
144,636
8,576
8,314
6,480
5,060
2,605
2,084
6.0%
3.2%
1.5¢/kg.
11.3%
13.5%
5.6%
3.3%
Duty-Free For LDC GSP Countries (30.4% of top 25 products)
2710.00.05 Distillate and residual fuel oils from bitum.mins.*
3,818,875
3,818,875
5.25¢/bbl.
Duty-Free Only For AGOA Countries (0% of top 25 products)
0
HTS Item and Description
Duty-Free on NTR Basis (45.1% of top 25 products)
3105.90.00 Mineral or chemical fertilizers
0106.00.50 Live animals other than horses, asses, mules etc.*
2302.30.00 Bran etc. from the sifting, milling of wheat
0901.11.00 Coffee, not roasted, not decaffeinated
1211.90.80 Plants and parts of plants used in perfumery, pharmacy etc.*
9401.80.60 Seats other than of wood or with metal frame etc.
0507.90.00 Tortoise shell etc. unworked; waste and powder
9705.00.00 Collections and collectors’ pieces of zoological etc.
8471.49.70 Power supplies for computer
Duty-Free For All GSP Countries (1.4% of top 25 products)
2008.99.90 Fruit and other edible parts of plants
4420.10.00 Wooden statuettes and other wood ornaments
0713.33.40 Dried kidney beans, shelled, Sept. 1 - April 30
0710.80.70 Vegetables, frozen, not reduced in size
7113.11.20 Silver articles of jewelry valued not over $18/dozen pieces
6914.90.80 Ceramic (other than porcelain or china) articles
4421.90.98 Articles of wood*
Textile & Apparel (4.1% of top 25 products)
6704.19.00 Wigs (partial) etc. of synthetic textile materials
6704.11.00 Wigs (complete) of synthetic textile materials
6703.00.30 Human hair, dressed etc. for use in making wigs
6704.20.00 Wigs, false beards etc. of human hair
6204.42.30 Women’s or girls’ dresses of cotton
6214.90.00 Shawls etc. of textile materials
Special (19.0% of top 25 products)
9801.00.10 US goods returned
9999.95.00 Informal entries under $1251
Subtotal (Top 25 Products Account for 99.9% of Total)
All Other
Total
519,592
261,859
223,596
19,200
12,864
1,073
1,000
2,396,207
2,321,849
74,358
12,580,980
1,839
12,582,819
* : Product for which the 2002 version of the HTS uses a somewhat different classification than was used in 2001.
Free
Free
Free
Free
9.2%
11.3%
72
Table A-46. Top 25 US imports from Uganda, 2001
Actual dollars, customs value, imports for consumption
Imports
NTR Tariff
17,294,511
7,016,440
5,083,049
2,160,688
1,365,744
714,695
265,485
263,381
128,771
82,829
63,600
40,823
35,226
24,375
13,284
11,065
10,000
8,000
7,056
Free
Free
Free
Free
Free
Free
Free
Free
Free
Free
Free
Free
Free
Free
Free
Free
Free
Free
Duty-Free For All GSP Countries (1.7% of top 25 products)
2611.00.60 Tungsten concentrates
8101.99.00 Tungsten, articles
4420.10.00 Wooden statuettes and other wood ornaments
4602.10.18 Baskets and bags of vegetable material
296,630
157,429
114,129
12,820
12,252
[Complex]
3.7%
3.2%
4.5%
Duty-Free For LDC GSP Countries (0% of top 25 products)
0
Duty-Free Only For AGOA Countries (0% of top 25 products)
0
HTS Item and Description
Duty-Free on NTR Basis (97.1% of top 25 products)
0901.11.00 Coffee, not roasted, not decaffeinated
0905.00.00 Vanilla beans
0304.10.40 Fillets etc. fresh or chilled
8105.10.60 Cobalt (other than alloy), unwrought*
0304.20.60 Frozen fillets of fresh-water fish, flat fish, etc.
1302.14.00 Saps and extracts of pyrethrum etc.
0303.79.40 Fish, frozen
2611.00.30 Tungsten ores
0106.00.50 Live animals other than horses, asses, mules etc.*
0304.20.20 Frozen fish fillets, skinned
9706.00.00 Antiques of an age exceeding one hundred years
0901.12.00 Coffee, not roasted, decaffeinated
3507.90.70 Enzymes and prepared enzymes
0302.69.20 Smelts, cusk, hake, etc.
0302.32.00 Yellowfin tunas
9601.10.00 Ivory, worked and articles
1302.19.90 Vegetable saps and extracts
8542.13.80 Monolithic digital integrated circuits*
Textile & Apparel (0.07% of top 25 products)
6204.49.50 Women’s or girls’ dresses of textile materials
Special (1.2% of top 25 products)
9801.00.10 US goods returned
9999.95.00 Informal entries under $1251
Subtotal (Top 25 Products Account for 99.9% of Total)
All Other
Total
12,975
12,975
205,829
140,801
65,028
17,809,945
25,407
17,835,352
* : Product for which the 2002 version of the HTS uses a somewhat different classification than was used in 2001.
7.0%
73
Table A-47. Top 25 US imports from Zambia, 2001
Actual dollars, customs value, imports for consumption
Imports
NTR Tariff
Duty-Free on NTR Basis (87.0% of top 25 products)
8105.10.60 Cobalt (other than alloy), unwrought*
7103.91.00 Rubies, sapphires and emeralds, worked
4407.10.00 Coniferous wood sawn etc., over 6 mm thick
0901.11.00 Coffee, not roasted, not decaffeinated
7103.10.20 Precious stones & semiprecious stones, unworked
7102.31.00 Nonindustrial diamonds, unworked
0301.10.00 Live ornamental fish
4407.91.00 Oak wood, saw etc. over 6 mm thick
7103.99.10 Precious or semiprecious stones for jewelry manufacture
9403.60.80 Furniture of wooden
13,540,250
10,526,761
1,416,173
548,333
408,442
229,689
181,625
165,022
30,377
27,456
6,372
Free
Free
Free
Free
Free
Free
Free
Free
Free
Free
Duty-Free For All GSP Countries (7.2% of top 25 products)
4418.90.40 Builders’ joinery and carpentry of wood*
4418.20.80 Doors of wood, other than French doors
4107.29.60 Reptile leather, fancy*
1209.99.40 Seeds, fruits and spores, of a kind used for sowing
0708.10.20 Peas, July 1 to Sept. 30
0708.10.40 Peas, Nov. 1 to June 30
4420.10.00 Wooden statuettes and other wood ornaments
4602.10.18 Baskets and bags of vegetable material
4202.31.30 Articles carried in the pocket or handbag of reptile leather
1,112,395
393,522
246,458
238,640
114,600
50,550
24,909
19,667
17,799
6,250
3.2%
4.8%
2.4%
0.83¢/kg.
0.5¢/kg.
2.8¢/kg.
3.2%
4.5%
3.7%
28,679
23,479
5,200
1.9¢/kg.
4.9¢/kg.
Duty-Free Only For AGOA Countries (1.1% of top 25 products)
0603.10.60 Roses, fresh cut
174,193
174,193
6.8%
Textile & Apparel (1.4% of top 25 products)
6203.42.40 Men’s or boys’ trousers and shorts of cotton
217,980
217,980
16.8%
Special (3.1% of top 25 products)
9801.00.10 US goods returned
9999.95.00 Informal entries under $1251
481,268
468,767
12,501
HTS Item and Description
Duty-Free For LDC GSP Countries (0.2% of top 25 products)
0409.00.00 Natural honey
0708.90.40 Leguminous vegetables
Subtotal (Top 25 Products Account for 99.8% of Total)
All Other
Total
15,554,765
29,545
15,584,310
* : Product for which the 2002 version of the HTS uses a somewhat different classification than was used in 2001.
74
Table A-48. Top 25 US imports from Zimbabwe, 2001
Actual dollars, customs value, imports for consumption
Imports
NTR Tariff
Duty-Free on NTR Basis (12.8% of top 25 products)
7502.10.00 Nickel (other than alloy), unwrought
9703.00.00 Original sculptures and statuary, in any material
2516.11.00 Granite, crude or roughly trimmed
0901.11.00 Coffee, not roasted, not decaffeinated
2401.30.33 Tobacco refuse, from other tobacco, for cigarettes
7112.90.00 Precious metal other than gold & platinum, waste and scrap*
10,253,842
5,592,787
2,051,385
675,105
669,710
662,531
602,324
Free
Free
Free
Free
Free
Free
Duty-Free For All GSP Countries (52.4% of top 25 products)
7202.41.00 Ferrochromium; weight more than 4 percent of carbon
7113.19.10 Precious metal rope, curb for jewelry manufacture
1701.11.10 Cane sugar, raw, in solid form
4107.90.60 Leather of animals, without hair on, fancy*
4418.20.80 Doors of wood, other than French doors
7113.19.29 Gold necklaces and neck chains (other than of rope)
7113.19.21 Gold rope necklaces and neck chains
2516.90.00 Porphyry, basalt and other monumental/building stone
7113.19.50 Precious metal (other than silver) articles of jewelry
6802.99.00 Monumental or building stone
0712.90.80 Dried vegetables and mixtures of dried vegetables*
0904.20.20 Paprika, dried or crushed or ground
6802.93.00 Monumental or building stone & articles of granite
42,058,425
14,890,456
8,324,686
4,809,243
3,097,732
2,644,583
1,790,335
1,240,837
1,232,423
937,160
884,097
825,118
752,870
628,885
1.9%
7.0%
[Complex]
2.4%
4.8%
5.5%
5.0%
3.0%
5.5%
6.5%
8.3%
3.0¢/kg.
3.7%
Duty-Free For LDC GSP Countries (17.5% of top 25 products)
2401.20.85 Tobacco, partly or wholly stemmed/stripped
2401.20.83 Tobacco, partly or wholly stemmed/stripped
14,062,126
11,935,698
2,126,428
37.5¢/kg.
37.5¢/kg.
Duty-Free Only For AGOA Countries (0% of top 25 products)
0
HTS Item and Description
Textile & Apparel (17.3% of top 25 products)
6203.42.40 Men’s or boys’ trousers and shorts of cotton
6204.62.40 Women’s or girls’ trousers etc. of cotton
6205.20.20 Men’s or boys’ shirts of cotton
6204.52.20 Women’s or girls’ skirts etc. of cotton
Special (0% of top 25 products)
Subtotal (Top 25 Products Account for 88.6% of Total)
All Other
Total
13,872,848
9,863,887
1,980,488
1,062,590
965,883
0
80,247,241
10,312,560
90,559,801
* : Product for which the 2002 version of the HTS uses a somewhat different classification than was used in 2001.
16.8%
16.8%
20.0%
8.3%