KIDS COUNT IN DELAWARE
FAMILIES COUNT IN DELAWARE
Fact Book 2006
Funded by The Annie E. Casey Foundation
the University of Delaware
and the State of Delaware
KIDS COUNT in Delaware
Center for Community Research and Service • College of Human Services, Education and Public Policy
University of Delaware • Newark, DE 19716-7350
302-831-4966 • Fax 302-831-4225 • www.dekidscount.org
Copyright © 2006, KIDS COUNT in Delaware • Please feel free to copy all or portions of this report.
We welcome further distribution but require acknowledgment of KIDS COUNT in Delaware in any reproduction, quotation, or other use.
To order additional copies for $15 each, contact: Teresa L. Schooley, Director, KIDS COUNT in Delaware
Center for Community Research and Service • College of Human Services, Education and Public Policy
University of Delaware • Newark, DE 19716-7350
The photographs in this book do not necessarily represent the situations described.
KIDS COUNT in Delaware
1
Acknowledgments
Staff
Teresa L. Schooley
Director
KIDS COUNT in Delaware
Center for Community Research and Service
University of Delaware
Valerie A. Miller
Graduate Research Assistant
Center for Community Research and Service
University of Delaware
Janice L. Barlow, M.P.A.
Assistant to the Director
Center for Community Research and Service
University of Delaware
Signe L. Clayton, M.P.A.
Communications and
Special Projects Coordinator
Center for Community Research and Service
University of Delaware
Design and Photography
Karen Kaler
RSVP Design
KIDS COUNT Board
Steven A. Dowshen, M.D., Chair
Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children
Benjamin Fay, Vice Chair
Committee on Early Education
and Social Services
Prue Albright, R.N., M.S.N.
United Auto Workers
Patricia Tanner Nelson, Ed.D.
Cooperative Extension, University of Delaware
Marc Richman, Ph.D.
Department of Services for Children, Youth
and Their Families
Helen C. Riley
Executive Director, St. Michael’s Day Nursery
Sandra M. Shelnutt, M.S.W.
Consultant
Thomas P. Eichler
Nemours Health and Prevention Services
Doris Gonzalez
Director, Early Childhood Programs
Telamon Organization
Ann R. Gorrin
READ-ALOUD Delaware
Theodore W. Jarrell, Ph.D.
Department of Education
Tyrone Jones
Metropolitan Wilmington Urban League
KIDS COUNT in Delaware
Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children
Barbara Gladders
Delaware Health Statistics Center
Delaware Health and Social Services
Roberta E. Gealt
Tammy J. Hyland
Nancy Wilson, Ph.D.
Steven S. Martin
FAMILIES COUNT Committee
Carl W. Nelson, Ph.D.
Executive Director, Children and Families First
Department of Education
Nancy Wilson, Ph.D., Chair
Department of Education
Sergeant Randy Fisher
Delaware State Police
John Frazer
Office of the Controller General
Karen Horton, AICP
Delaware State Housing Authority
Karryl H. McManus
Delaware Department of Health & Social Services
Deborah Neff
Donna Curtis, M.P.A.
Steven A. Dowshen, M.D.
Alvin Snyder
Gwendoline B. Angalet, Ph.D.
Department of Parks and Recreation
City of Wilmington
Division of Management Support Services
Department of Services for Children, Youth
and Their Families
Research Associate, Center for Drug and Alcohol
Studies, University of Delaware
Mary Kate McLaughlin
Jana Lane-Brown
Laurie Cowan
Alliance for Adolescent Pregnancy Prevention
Public Health Nursing Director
Division of Public Health
Nemours Health and Prevention Services
2
Sam Lathem
Office of the Governor
Department of Labor
Carl W. Nelson, Ph.D.
Division of Management Support Services
Department of Services for Children, Youth
and Their Families
Steven W. Peuguet, Ph.D.
Center for Community Research and Service
University of Delaware
Bryan Sullivan, Ph.D.
Office of the Budget
Data Committee
Theodore W. Jarrell, Ph.D., Chair
Department of Education
Delaware State Police
Scientist, Center for Drug and Alcohol Studies
University of Delaware
Division of Management Support Services
Department of Services for Children, Youth
and Their Families
Edward C. Ratledge
Director, Center for Applied Demography
and Survey Research, University of Delaware
Robert A. Ruggiero
Department of Education
Richard S. Sacher, Ph.D.
Information Technologies – User Services
University of Delaware
Thanks for the data:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Delaware Department of Education
Delaware Dept. of Health and Social Services
Delaware Department of Labor
Delaware Department of Public Safety
Delaware Department of Services for Children,
Youth and Their Families
Center for Applied Demography
and Survey Research
Center for Drug and Alcohol Studies
Delaware Health Statistics Center
Delaware Population Consortium
Delaware State Housing Authority
Domestic Violence Coordinating Council
Family and Workplace Connection
Statistical Analysis Center
Thanks to Don Berry, Ph.D.,
Delaware Department of Education for
Communities Count data and maps.
Celeste R. Anderson
Division of Management Services
Delaware Department of Health & Social Services
A special thank you to the Delaware
children and families featured on the
cover and throughout this book.
A Message from KIDS COUNT in Delaware
Welcome to the eleventh edition
of the KIDS COUNT in Delaware Fact Book!
Numbers can tell stories and, for children, certain numbers can tell us who is thriving,
who is hurting, and who has needs that aren’t being met. Each of the numbers in the KIDS COUNT/
FAMILIES COUNT Fact Book represents real kids and families in Delaware. KIDS COUNT in
Delaware endeavors to keep track of all of our children and examine the myriad of situations in
which they live and grow.
Although KIDS COUNT reports on a multitude of measures, it must be emphasized that all children’s
issues are interrelated. A child’s sense of physical safety in his family and community affect his
school performance. The economic security of a child’s family affects her health and education.
Many factors must be examined together in order to produce an accurate portrayal of the
conditions of families and children in our state. We hope that the data in this book will heighten
our sense of urgency about children’s issues and help win support for policy changes and
programs that address the problems facing Delaware’s children and their families.
KIDS COUNT in Delaware is one of fifty-one similar projects throughout the United States funded by
The Annie E. Casey Foundation. Through this state’s project, housed in the Center for Community
Research and Service at the University of Delaware and led by a Board of committed and concerned
child advocates from the public and private sector, we bring together the best available data to
assess the health and the economic, educational, and social well-being of children and families.
This publication represents our ongoing effort to paint a picture which will inform public policy
and spur community action.
This effort is joined with Governor Minner’s commitment to children and families through the
FAMILIES COUNT in Delaware initiative, which expands upon the ten core tracking indicators of
National KIDS COUNT to look at a broad range of indicators relevant to the health and well-being
of children and families. In this book, the data reported on these indicators are organized into
four categories: Health and Health Behaviors, Educational Involvement and Achievement, Family
Environment and Resources, and Community Environment and Resources.
Look for the sections entitled “Delaware Children Speak” which are responses to questions from
the University of Delaware’s Center for Drug and Alcohol Studies” annual school surveys. Also,
throughout the publication we have listed under “Put Data into Action” some of the strategies which
have been proposed or proven to help address issues of concern.
As the late Supreme Court Justice Love Wendell Holmes said, “It is not the place we occupy which is
important, but the direction in which we move.” Together, let’s use the data presented in this KIDS
COUNT Fact Book to chart a course for a better future for Delaware’s children and families
Steven A. Dowshen. M.D.
Chair, Board
Theodore W. Jarrell, Ph.D.
Chair, Data Committee
Terry Schooley
Director
KIDS COUNT in Delaware
3
Table of Contents
A Message from Kids Count in Delaware ...........................................3
List of Data Tables ............................................................................5
Kids Count in Delaware Introduction ..................................................8
Overview ......................................................................................10
Interpreting the Data ......................................................................12
Counting the Kids: Delaware Demographics ...........................................13
Health and Health Behaviors
Kids Count Indicator
Kids Count Indicator
Kids Count Indicator
Kids Count Indicator
...................................................................................19
Prenatal Care ................................................................................20
Low Birth Weight Babies .................................................................22
Infant Mortality ..............................................................................24
Women and Children Receiving WIC ..............................................31
Lead Poisoning ..............................................................................32
Child Immunizations .......................................................................33
Childhood Asthma .........................................................................34
Children without Health Insurance ...................................................36
Child Deaths ..................................................................................38
Teen Deaths by Accident, Homicide, & Suicide .................................40
Sexually Transmitted Diseases .........................................................43
Alcohol, Tobacco, and Other Drugs .................................................44
Delaware Children Speak about Health and Health Behaviors ...........46
Educational Involvement and Achievement
Kids Count Indicator
Kids Count Indicator
....................................................53
Early Intervention ..........................................................................54
Head Start / ECAP ..........................................................................55
Student Achievement ......................................................................56
Advanced Placement ......................................................................60
Children Receiving Free and Reduced-Price School Meals .................62
High School Dropouts.....................................................................63
Teens Not in School and Not Working .............................................66
Delaware Children Speak about Education .....................................68
Family Environment and Resources
Kids Count Indicator
Kids Count Indicator
Kids Count Indicator
Kids Count Indicator
.................................................................71
Births to Teens ................................................................................72
No Parent with Full-time Employment ...............................................77
Children in Poverty .........................................................................78
Children in One-Parent Families ......................................................85
Female-Headed Families in Poverty .................................................91
Child Support ................................................................................92
Health Care Coverage ....................................................................93
Child Abuse and Neglect ................................................................94
Foster Care....................................................................................96
Juvenile Delinquents in Out-of-Home Care .......................................97
Home Ownership ...........................................................................98
Domestic Violence ..........................................................................99
Delaware Children Speak about Family .........................................100
Community Environment and Resources
Data Tables
4
KIDS COUNT in Delaware
.....................................................103
Child Care ..................................................................................104
Juvenile Violent Crime Arrests .......................................................106
Gambling ....................................................................................108
Unemployment.............................................................................110
Adult Crime .................................................................................112
Delaware Children Speak about Community ..................................113
............................................................................................................117
Data Tables
Demographics
Table 1:
Table 2:
Table 3:
Table 4:
Table 5:
Table 6:
Table 7:
Population of Children by Age ........................................................................ 119
Population..................................................................................................... 120
Population of Delaware Cities ......................................................................... 121
Hispanic Population Estimates ......................................................................... 121
Hispanic Population Estimates ......................................................................... 122
Families with Children .................................................................................... 122
Children and Their Living Arrangements .......................................................... 122
Health and Health Behavior
Table 8:
Table 9:
Table 10:
Table 11:
Table 12:
Table 13:
Table 14:
Table 15:
Table 16:
Table 17:
Table 18:
Table 19:
Table 20:
Table 21:
Table 22:
Table 23:
Table 24:
Table 25:
Table 26:
Table 27:
Table 28:
Table 29:
Table 30:
Table 31:
Table 32:
Table 33:
Table 34:
Table 35:
Table 36:
Table 37:
Table 38:
Table 39:
Table 40:
Table 41:
Prenatal Care ................................................................................................ 123
Births by Birth Weight, Race and Hispanic Origin of Mother, and Prenatal Care . 124
Births by Birth Weight, Age of Mother, and Prenatal Care ................................. 125
Births by Birth Weight, Marital Status, and Prenatal Care.................................. 126
Percentage of Low Birth Weight Births ............................................................. 127
Percentage of Very Low Birth Weight Births ...................................................... 127
Low Birth Weight Births by Age, Race and Hispanic Origin of Mother ............... 128
Very Low Birth Weight Births by Age, Race and Hispanic Origin of Mother ........ 129
Infant Mortality Rates by Race and Hispanic Origin .......................................... 130
Infant, Neonatal, and Postneonatal Mortality Rates ........................................... 131
Infant Deaths by Causes of Death and Race of Mother ...................................... 131
Infant Mortality Rates by Risk Factor ................................................................ 132
Infant Mortality Rates by Birth Interval ............................................................. 132
Infant Mortality Rates by Gestation .................................................................. 133
Infant Mortality Rates by Birth Weight ............................................................ 133
Infant Mortality Rates by Prenatal Care............................................................ 133
Infant Mortality Rates by Source of Payment .................................................... 134
Infant Mortality Rates by Single or Multiple Birth .............................................. 134
Infant Mortality Rates by Mothers’ Smoking .................................................... 134
Ranking of Infant Mortality Rates by State ........................................................ 135
Lead Poisoning .............................................................................................. 136
Child Immunizations ...................................................................................... 136
Hospitalizations for Childhood Asthma ............................................................ 136
Children without Health Insurance ................................................................... 137
Child Death Rates .......................................................................................... 137
Teen Death Rates ........................................................................................... 137
Causes of Deaths of Children by Age .............................................................. 138
Crash Involvement Rate .................................................................................. 139
Teen Crash Involvement by Hour ..................................................................... 139
Traffic Arrests of Teens Involved in Crashes ...................................................... 140
Drivers in Fatal Crashes ................................................................................. 140
Sexually Transmitted Diseases ......................................................................... 141
8th Graders Using Substances ........................................................................ 142
11th Graders Using Substances ....................................................................... 142
Educational Involvement and Achievement
Table 42:
Table 43:
Table 44:
Table 45:
Table 46:
Table 47:
Table 48:
Table 49:
Head Start / ECAP.......................................................................................... 143
Limited English Proficiency .............................................................................. 143
Delaware Student Testing Program (DSTP)........................................................ 144
AP Students ................................................................................................... 145
AP Tests ........................................................................................................ 145
Free and Reduced-Price Lunches ..................................................................... 146
Dropouts ....................................................................................................... 147
Dropouts and Enrollment by Race / Ethnicity ..................................................... 147
KIDS COUNT in Delaware
5
Data Tables
Table 50:
Table 51:
Table 52:
Table 53:
Table 54:
Table 55:
Table 56:
Dropout Rate and Percentage by Race / Ethnicity .............................................. 148
Dropout Rate by Race / Ethnicity ...................................................................... 148
Dropouts and Enrollment by Race / Ethnicity and Gender .................................. 149
Dropout Rate and Percentage by Race / Ethnicity and Gender ........................... 149
Graduation Rates .......................................................................................... 150
Teens Not in School and Not in the Labor Force ............................................... 150
Teens Not Graduated, Not Enrolled, and Not Working ..................................... 151
Family Environment and Resources
Table 57:
Table 58:
Table 59:
Table 60:
Table 61:
Table 62:
Table 63:
Table 64:
Table 65:
Table 66:
Table 67:
Table 68:
Table 69:
Table 70:
Table 71:
Table 72:
Table 73:
Table 74:
Table 75:
Table 76:
Table 77:
Table 78:
Table 79:
Teen Birth Rates (15–19 year olds)................................................................... 151
Teen Birth Rates (15–17 year olds)................................................................... 152
Pre- and Young Teen Birth Rates (10–14 year olds) ........................................... 152
Births to Single Teens...................................................................................... 153
Births by Race, Hispanic Origin, and Age of Mother ........................................ 154
Children with No Parent Working Full-time ...................................................... 155
Children in Poverty ........................................................................................ 155
Children in Poverty by Household Structure...................................................... 155
Income of Families with Children by Family Type .............................................. 156
Poverty Thresholds ......................................................................................... 156
Births to Single Mothers.................................................................................. 157
Births to Single Mothers by Age ...................................................................... 158
Children in One-Parent Households ................................................................ 159
Poverty Rates for One-Parent Families ............................................................. 159
Poverty Rates for Female Householder Families ................................................ 159
Female-Headed Families in Poverty ................................................................. 160
Median Income of Female-Headed Families ..................................................... 160
Current Child Support Owed that Is Paid ......................................................... 160
Home Ownership .......................................................................................... 161
Child Abuse and Neglect ............................................................................... 161
Foster Care ................................................................................................... 161
Juvenile Delinquents in Out-of-Home Care ....................................................... 161
Health Insurance ............................................................................................ 162
Community Environment and Resources
Table 80:
Table 81:
Table 82:
Table 83:
Table 84:
Table 85:
Table 86:
Table 87:
Table 88:
Table 89:
Table 90:
Table 91:
Table 92:
Table 93:
Table 94:
Table 95:
Table 96:
Table 97:
Table 98:
6
KIDS COUNT in Delaware
Subsidized Child Care ................................................................................... 162
Available Child Care ..................................................................................... 162
School Age Programs .................................................................................... 163
Site-Based Public School Age Programs ........................................................... 163
Child Care Costs ........................................................................................... 163
Juvenile Violent Crime Arrests ......................................................................... 164
Juvenile Part I Violent Crime Arrests ................................................................ 164
Juvenile Part I Property Crime Arrests .............................................................. 164
Juvenile Part II Crime Arrests .......................................................................... 165
Juvenile Drug Arrests ..................................................................................... 165
Student Violence and Possession ..................................................................... 166
Student Violence and Possession by County .................................................... 166
Student Violence and Possession by Age ......................................................... 167
Student Violence and Possession by Race / Ethnicity .......................................... 167
School Violence Locations .............................................................................. 168
Student Weapon Possession ........................................................................... 168
Unemployment .............................................................................................. 169
Adult Violent Crime Arrests ............................................................................ 169
Adult Violent Crime Arrests, Adults 18– 39 ...................................................... 169
Dedicated to all who work so hard
so that children can have the best future
with a special thanks to the families and children
who gave their time, energy, and resources
to help those in the Katrina disaster.
KIDS COUNT in Delaware
7
KIDS COUNT in Delaware
Welcome to the eleventh edition of KIDS COUNT in Delaware and the seventh joint publication of
KIDS COUNT in Delaware / FAMILIES COUNT in Delaware, a collaborative project of the State of
Delaware and KIDS COUNT, which is housed in the Center for Community Research and Service at
the University of Delaware. Since 1995 KIDS COUNT in Delaware has been reporting on the status
of children in the state and, working with the State of Delaware since 1998, has been monitoring
the conditions of families, children and individuals in the community.
The KIDS COUNT and FAMILIES COUNT indicators have been combined into four categories:
Health and Health Behaviors
Educational Involvement and Achievement
Family Environment and Resources
Community Environment and Resources
The ten KIDS COUNT indicators, featured in the Overview and throughout the book as KIDS COUNT
Indicators, have been chosen by the national KIDS COUNT project because they possess three
important attributes:
• They reflect a wide range of factors affecting the well-being of children.
• They reflect experiences across developmental stages from birth through early adulthood.
• They permit legitimate comparison because they are consistent across states and over time.
The featured indicators are:
Births to teens
Low birth weight babies
Infant mortality
Child deaths
Teen deaths by accident, homicide, and suicide
Teens not graduated and not enrolled
Teens not in school and not working
Children in poverty
Children with no parent with full-time employment
Children in one-parent families
The ten indicators used reflect a developmental perspective on childhood and underscore our goal
to achieve a world where pregnant women and newborns thrive, infants and young children receive
the support they need to enter school prepared to learn; adolescents choose healthy behaviors; and
young people experience a successful transition into adulthood. In all of these stages of development, young people need the economic and social assistance provided by a strong family and a
supportive community.
In addition to the featured indicators, we continue to report on a variety of indicators, such as early
care and education, prenatal care, substance abuse, and asthma data based on hospitalizations
which all impact the lives of children. Indicators related to educational involvement and achievement especially highlighting the results of the Delaware Student Testing Program are included in the
second category, while indicators relating to families and community follow. Additional tables with
more extensive information are included at the end of the Fact Book. Demographic information
with maps from the 2000 Census provide an overview of the changing face of Delaware.
Ultimately the purpose of this book is to stimulate debate, not to end debate by producing definitive
answers. We hope this information will add to the knowledge base of our social well-being, guide
and advance informed discussion and help us concentrate on issues that need attention, and focus
on a better future for our children and families.
8
KIDS COUNT in Delaware
Trends in Delaware
Measures Needing Attention:
• Low Birth Weight
• Children in Poverty
• Teens Deaths
• Teens Not Attending School and Not Working
• No Parent with Full-Time Employment
• Children in One-Parent Families
Measures Showing Improvement: • Births to Teens
Measures Remaining Constant:
• Infant Mortality
• Child Deaths
• High School Dropouts
Making Sense of the Numbers
The information on each indicator is organized as follows:
• Description
a description of the indicator and what it means to child
and family well-being
• Data
Charts and graphs giving a visual representation of the data and,
when available, showing trends over time and comparing Delaware
data to U.S. data
• Related information Did you know?, Put Data into Action, and For more information
sections with more information
Sources of Data
The data are presented primarily in three ways:
• Annual data
• Three-year and five-year averages to minimize fluctuations of single-year data and provide
more realistic pictures of children’s outcomes
• Annual, three-year or five-year average data for a decade or longer to illustrate trends and
permit long-term comparisons
The data has been gathered primarily from:
• Center for Applied Demography and Survey Research, University of Delaware
• Delaware Health Statistics Center, Delaware Health and Social Services
• Department of Education, State of Delaware
• Delaware State Data Center, Delaware Economic Development Office
• Statistical Analysis Center, Executive Department, State of Delaware
• Delaware Department of Health and Social Services, State of Delaware
• Department of Services for Children, Youth and Their Families, State of Delaware
• U.S. Bureau of the Census
• National Center for Health Statistics, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services
• Delaware Population Consortium
• Family and Workplace Connection
• Division of State Police, Department of Public Safety
• Domestic Violence Coordinating Council
• Center for Drug and Alcohol Studies, University of Delaware
KIDS COUNT in Delaware
9
Overview
Births to Teens
Page 72
Number of births per 1,000 females ages 15 –17
Five-year average, 1999 – 03: Delaware 27.2, U.S. 25.1
Low Birth Weight Babies
Page 22
Percentage of infants weighing less than 2,500 grams
(5.5 lbs.) at live birth (includes very low birth weight)
Five-year average, 1999 – 03: Delaware 9.2, U.S. 7.7
Infant Mortality
Page 24
Number of deaths occurring in the first year
of life per 1,000 live births
Five-year average, 1999 – 03: Delaware 9.1, U.S. 6.9
Child Deaths
Page 38
Number of deaths per 100,000 children 1–14 years old
Five-year average, 1999 – 03: Delaware 21.4, U.S. 21.8
Teen Deaths by Accident,
Homicide, and Suicide
Page 40
Number of deaths per 100,000 teenagers 15–19 years old
Five-year average, 1998– 02: U.S. 53.3
Five-year average, 1999 – 03: Delaware 55.4
10
KIDS COUNT in Delaware
DELAWARE
COMPARED
TO U.S. AVERAGE
WORSE
RECENT GETTING
TREND
BETTER
DELAWARE
WORSE
IN DELAWARE
COMPARED
TO U.S. AVERAGE
RECENT GETTING
TREND
WORSE
DELAWARE
WORSE
IN DELAWARE
COMPARED
TO U.S. AVERAGE
RECENT ABOUT THE
TREND
SAME
DELAWARE
SIMILAR
IN DELAWARE
COMPARED
TO U.S. AVERAGE
RECENT ABOUT THE
TREND
SAME
DELAWARE
SIMILAR
IN DELAWARE
COMPARED
TO U.S. AVERAGE
RECENT GETTING
TREND
IN DELAWARE
WORSE
High School Dropouts
Page 63
DELAWARE
COMPARED
TO U.S. AVERAGE
SIMILAR
Percentage of youths 16–19 who are not in school
and not high school graduates
School year, 2003–04: Delaware 6.1
Teens Not Attending
School and Not Working
Page 66
DELAWARE
COMPARED
TO U.S. AVERAGE
WORSE
RECENT GETTING
Percentage of teenagers 16–19 who are
not in school and not employed
TREND
WORSE
DELAWARE
BETTER
IN DELAWARE
Three year average, 2003 – 05: Delaware 10.3, U.S. 9.0
Children in Poverty
Page 78
Percentage of children in poverty. In 2004 the
poverty threshold for a one-parent, two-child family
was $15,219. For a family of four with two children,
the threshold was $19,157.
Three year average, 2003 – 05: Delaware 12.2, U.S. 17.4
No Parent with Full-time
Employment Page 77
Percentage of families in which no parent has
full-time employment.
Three year average, 2003 –05: Delaware 18.9, U.S. 21.9
Children in One-Parent
Families Page 85
Percentage of children ages 0 –17 living
with one parent.
Three year average, 2003–05: Delaware 33.6, U.S. 30.9
COMPARED
TO U.S. AVERAGE
RECENT GETTING
TREND
WORSE
DELAWARE
BETTER
IN DELAWARE
COMPARED
TO U.S. AVERAGE
RECENT GETTING
TREND
WORSE
DELAWARE
WORSE
IN DELAWARE
COMPARED
TO U.S. AVERAGE
RECENT GETTING
TREND
IN DELAWARE
WORSE
KIDS COUNT in Delaware
11
Interpreting the Data
The KIDS COUNT in Delaware / FAMILIES COUNT in Delaware Fact Book 2006 uses the most current, reliable data available. Data that was inadequate or unavailable was denoted by N/A. For some
data, only the decennial census has information at the county level.
Most indicators are presented as three- or five-year averages because rates based on small numbers of events in this modestly-populated state can vary dramatically from year to year. A three- or
five-year average is less susceptible to distortion. It is helpful to look at trends rather than at actual
numbers, rates, or percentages due to the small numbers.
Accepted names for various racial and ethnic groups are constantly in flux and indicators differ in
their terminology. KIDS COUNT has used the terminology reported by the data collection sources.
Fiscal Year Data: Most data presented here are for calendar years. Where data collected by state or
federal authorities is available by school calendar year or fiscal year, the periods are from September to June or July 1 to June 30, respectively.
Notes: When necessary we have included technical or explanatory notes under the graphs or tables.
Counties and Cities: Where possible, data were delineated by counties and the City of Wilmington.
In a state with a small population such as Delaware, the standard sampling error is somewhat
larger than in most states. For this reason, KIDS COUNT has portrayed the high school dropout
rate in two ways: the sample size, which shows trends, and the Department of Education’s dropout
numbers. There is a slight variation in those two graphs due to the size of the population.
Numbers, Rates, and Percentages
Each statistic tells us something different about children. The numbers represent real individuals.
The rates and percentages also represent real individuals but have the advantage of allowing for
comparisons between the United States and Delaware and between counties.
In this publication, indicators are presented as either raw numbers (25), percentages (25%), or
rates (25 per 1,000 or 25 per 100,000). The formula for percents or rates is the number of events
divided by the population at risk of the event (county, state, U.S.) and multiplied by 100 for percent
or 1,000 or 100,000 for rates.
A Caution About Drawing Conclusions
Caution should be exercised when attempting to draw conclusions from percentages or rates
which are based on small numbers. Delaware and its counties can show very large or very small
percentages as a result of only a few events. KIDS COUNT encourages you to look at overall trends.
The key in the evaluation of statistics is to examine everything in context. The data challenges
stereotypes — pushing us to look beyond the surface for the less obvious reasons for the numbers. Individual indicators, like the rest of life’s concerns, do not exist in a vacuum and cannot be
reduced to a set of the best and worst in our state.
Where county level data are presented, readers can gain a better understanding of the needs in
particular segments of the state. Delaware rankings within the National KIDS COUNT Data Book
can fluctuate from year to year. Therefore, it is important to look at the trends within the state and
over a significant period of time. Hopefully, the graphs help to clarify that picture.
12
KIDS COUNT in Delaware
Counting the Kids:
Delaware Demographics
Data from the 2000 Census provides a picture of the population of the state of Delaware, its counties and cities, and the nation. Demographically speaking, we are much less of a child-centered
society now than we were 100 years ago. In the United States, children accounted for 40 percent of
the population in 1900, but only 26 percent in 2000. Similar trends are evident in Delaware.
Nationwide, the number of children grew 14 percent between 1990 and 2000. Delaware experienced an increase of 19 percent, growing from 163,341 children in 1990 to 194,587 in 2000. This
increase ranked Delaware as having the 11th highest percentage increase among all fifty states.
Sussex County had the largest percentage increase of children (30%), followed by New Castle
County (18%) and Kent County (14%).
Population at a Glance
2000 Total
Population
2000 Total
Age 0-17
2000 Total
Age 18+
2000 Total
% 0-17
1990 Total
Age 0-17
Delaware
783,600
194,587
589,013
24.8%
163,341
New Castle County
500,265
124,749
375,516
25.0%
106,079
Wilmington
72,664
18,793
53,871
25.9%
17,822
Kent
126,697
34,533
92,164
27.2%
30,174
Sussex
156,638
35,305
121,333
22.5%
27,088
Source: 2000 Census, U.S. Census Bureau
Total Population
Estimate and Age
Distribution
Delaware, 2000
0–4:
7%
5–9: 10–14:
7%
7% 15–19:
7%
Hispanic Population
Estimate and Age
Distribution
Delaware, 2000
0–4:
12%
5–9:
11%
65+:
13%
Adults
over 17:
64%
20–64:
59%
Delaware Total
Total Children 0 –19
Children 0–4
Children 5–9
Children 10–14
Children 15–19
10–14:
8%
%
17: 5
15 –
783,600
218,250
51,531
55,813
55,274
55,632
Source: Delaware Population Consortium;
Population Estimates Program, Population Division, U.S. Census Bureau
Delaware Hispanic Total
Total Children 0 –17
Children 0–4
Children 5–9
Children 10–14
Children 15–17
Adults over 17
37,277
13,565
4,517
3,970
3,174
1,904
23,712
Source: Population Reference Bureau, 2000 Census
The Hispanic population in Delaware grew from 15,820 in 1990 to 37,277 in 2000, an increase
of 136%. Among the counties, Sussex showed the largest percent increase at 369%. The census
county divisions that showed the greatest increases were Georgetown (1536%), Selbyville-Frankford
(816%), and Millsboro (670%).
KIDS COUNT in Delaware
13
Counting the Kids
Where Are the Kids?
New Castle County, 2000
117
135.01
119
135.04
136.12
136.11
137
143
141
147.03
148.07
148.05 148.06
122
127
123
124
125
150
4
11
3
2
5
6.01
14
24 23 15 10 6.02 7
22 16 1 9
21
8
25
17
26
27
20
107
18
19
162
154
152
163.03
156
160
151
159
155
158
164.02
164.01
166.03
166.01
166.04
168.02
168.01
169.02
169.01
Source: Population Reference Bureau, 2000 Census, U.S. Census Bureau
KIDS COUNT in Delaware
117
129
126
149.04
166.02
14
2,000+ children
12
149.05
163.01
1,501–2,000 children
120
161
149.03
148.08
1,001–1,500 children
13
138
139.02
147.06
501–1,000 children
107
139.01
147.05
147.02
130
149.02
145.02
144.02
144.03
144.04
140
145.01 142
148.03
136.04
136.08 136.09
163.02
136.10
133 131
1–500 children
105
2
121
136.13 134
132
136.07
0 children ages 0–17
112.01
118
135.03
112.0
2
112.0
112.0
3
5 112.0
4
112.06
101.01
113
111 102
115 114
103 101.02
104
116
109
110
108
Census
Tract
1
2
3
4
5
6.01
6.02
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
101.01
101.02
102
103
104
105
107
108
109
110
111
112.01
112.02
112.03
112.04
Total Age
0-17
136
1,478
979
643
1,171
773
827
842
182
702
81
112
166
615
412
511
750
967
0
728
226
689
1,192
1,182
991
783
1,120
535
1,207
679
504
1,175
1,063
1,222
1,502
918
556
711
544
497
799
985
712
%
0-17
18.63
26.55
29.15
21.44
31.29
28.59
26.43
50.48
7.51
31.94
11.55
3.42
10.29
17.24
19.42
21.94
27.95
32.81
0
39.57
28.68
32.18
34.37
34.44
21.69
25.25
30.12
29.01
27.48
22.11
24.53
28.63
22.81
21.26
28.59
20.25
20.59
22.27
19.94
21.99
22.78
21.17
20.87
Census
Tract
112.05
112.06
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
129
130
131
132
133
134
135.01
135.03
135.04
136.04
136.07
136.08
136.09
136.10
136.11
136.12
136.13
137
138
139.01
139.02
140
141
142
143
144.02
Total Age
0-17
552
997
526
757
624
713
802
781
594
896
754
1,227
542
1,149
1,196
672
1,082
1,270
435
582
695
360
631
1,464
2,158
2,601
1,017
1,043
473
1,379
1,434
1,382
1,648
1,446
1,233
1,220
827
3,041
1,191
1,444
368
897
398
%
0-17
26.15
23.39
20.84
22.24
21.48
21.88
20.64
18.70
20.84
21.12
24.62
26.26
24.19
24.81
23.39
24.36
21.41
28.40
22.35
22.99
25.72
19.00
22.35
22.21
28.80
31.42
24.50
18.18
23.73
20.08
26.32
23.49
27.27
25.72
26.49
21.94
24.78
29.23
22.79
29.40
21.84
17.12
11.85
Census
Tract
144.03
144.04
145.01
145.02
147.02
147.03
147.05
147.06
148.03
148.05
148.06
148.07
148.08
149.02
149.03
149.04
149.05
150
151
152
154
155
156
158
159
160
161
162
163.01
163.02
163.03
164.01
164.02
166.01
166.02
166.03
166.04
168.01
168.02
169.01
169.02
Total Age
0-17
551
804
115
150
502
1,120
1,502
886
673
2,134
3,729
1,962
1,809
2,678
2,665
1,141
2,356
1,472
804
1,446
920
779
620
630
841
694
438
470
1,216
2,060
1,303
994
544
1,807
1,424
1,215
1,555
818
678
544
332
%
0-17
10.35
22.65
6.05
2.18
26.38
23.97
26.15
35.27
19.45
31.54
29.94
30.06
28.50
29.29
36.99
24.23
27.84
25.96
22.95
23.68
28.48
28.57
25.72
28.15
25.77
25.01
20.50
20.97
28.74
30.99
24.51
30.07
23.83
31.64
32.06
31.53
31.13
27.42
27.32
24.64
11.04
Where Are the Kids?
Kent and Sussex Counties, 2000
Kent County
Census
Tract
401
402.01
402.02
402.03
404
405
406
407
408
409
410
411
412
413
414
415
416
417.01
417.02
418.01
418.02
419
420
421
422.01
422.02
424
425
426
427
428
429
430
431
0 children ages 0–17
1
2.0
40
1–500 children
402.03
501–1,000 children
402.02
1,001–1,500 children
404
401
1,501–2,000 children
2,000+ children
405
418.01
419
410
418.02
405
406
407
411
408
418.01
414
420
415
404
410
413
418.02
422.01
421
409
412
416
411
417.01 417.02
422.02
422.01
424
427
428
Sussex County
426
425
430
429
431
501.03
501.01
503.01
501.02
508.01
502
503.02
509
510.02
504.04
507.01
506.01
518.02
517.01
506.02
507.02
513.01
515
517.02
514
Total Age
0-17
837
2,204
471
812
1,591
1,108
939
1,972
833
2,326
689
1,973
862
888
653
1,483
676
804
942
738
973
754
741
235
431
635
553
461
460
820
1,029
906
1,194
1,092
1,150
1,070
%
0-17
25.46
27.37
19.81
28.91
28.10
29.15
28.11
24.43
28.00
28.68
24.05
22.05
23.28
23.14
23.68
16.02
25.64
24.17
20.27
14.44
18.58
14.56
23.55
8.26
10.34
16.34
22.53
16.54
12.04
27.78
24.63
26.38
24.72
26.31
28.81
26.73
.03
513.02
512
Census
Tract
501.01
501.02
501.03
502
503.01
503.02
504.01
504.02
504.03
504.04
505.01
505.02
506.01
506.02
507.01
507.02
508.01
508.02
508.03
509
510.01
510.02
510.03
511
512
513.01
513.02
513.03
513.04
514
515
517.01
517.02
518.01
518.02
519
%
0-17
28.76
27.35
23.45
30.92
25.95
25.24
7.56
29.60
21.16
12.09
26.34
36.09
29.48
27.28
25.31
25.57
23.31
25.76
29.43
28.82
31.70
28.67
29.75
24.84
34.48
29.63
23.75
28.87
25.52
26.40
27.45
27.17
29.42
27.51
513
519
505.02
511
504.03
518.01
508.02
505.01
510.03
510.01
504.02
508.03
504.01
Total Age
0-17
1,535
951
1,217
949
300
2,074
180
1,323
586
291
1,212
1,389
1,011
580
764
969
536
976
984
2,200
828
1,387
891
799
2,096
1,771
618
842
538
306
1,508
933
1,321
668
513.04
For detailed information on census tracts
and blocks: http://
factfinder.census.gov
Source: Population Reference Bureau, 2000 Census, U.S. Census Bureau
KIDS COUNT in Delaware
15
The Changing Face of Delaware’s Children
Children under 18 by Race and Hispanic Origin, Delaware, Census Years 1980, 1990, 2000
Percent of population under 18 in Delaware
80
White
Non-Hispanic
Black or
African American
and All Other
Non-Hispanic
Minorities
Hispanic
70
60
White
White
Non-Hispanic
Non-Hispanic
75%
73%
White
Non-Hispanic
64%
50
40
30
20
Black
and Other
2%
0
Non-Hispanic
29%
Non-Hispanic
Non-Hispanic
10
Black
and Other
Black
and Other
22%
23%
3%
7%
1990
1980
Source: 2000 Census, U.S. Census Bureau
2000
Note: Persons of Hispanic origin may be of any race.
Children under 18 by Race and Hispanic Origin, U.S. and Delaware
Race
Number
1980
Percent of
population
under 18
Number
1990
Percent of
population
under 18
Number
2000
Percent of
population
under 18
Total Population
under 18
US
DE
63,754,960 100.0
166,595 100.0
63,604,432 100.0
163,341 100.0
72,293,812 100.0
194,587 100.0
White
(Non-Hispanic )
US
DE
47,035,526
125,376
73.8
75.3
43,807,311
119,582
68.9
73.2
44,027,087
124,918
60.9
64.2
Minorities
US
DE
16,719,434
41,219
26.2
24.7
19,797,121
43,597
31.1
26.8
28,266,725
69,669
39.1
35.8
Black and Other
Non-Hispanic
US
DE
11,091,478
37,141
17.4
22.3
12,039,621
38,170
18.9
23.4
15,924,466
56,104
22.0
28.8
Hispanic
US
DE
5,627,956
4,078
8.8
2.4
7,757,500
5,589
12.2
3.4
12,342,259
13,565
17.1
7.0
Note:
Children who marked White and another racial category in the 2000 Census are classified as minorities.
Persons of Hispanic origin may be of any race.
Source: www.aecf.org/kidscount/census, 2000 Census, U.S. Census Bureau
Delaware Population
by Race and Hispanic Origin, 2000
Total Population
Hispanic
5%
Black or
African American
Non-Hispanic
3%
Hispanic
7%
Black or
African American
Non-Hispanic
24%
White
Non-Hispanic
White
Non-Hispanic
Source: 2000 Census, U.S. Census Bureau
KIDS COUNT in Delaware
All Others
19%
73%
16
Children under 18
All Others
5%
64%
Note: Persons of Hispanic origin may be of any race.
New Castle County Population
by Race and Hispanic Origin, 2000
Total Population
Hispanic
All Others
Black or
African American
Non-Hispanic
5%
Children under 18
4%
Hispanic
All Others
Black or
African American
Non-Hispanic
7%
20%
6%
25%
White
Non-Hispanic
White
Non-Hispanic
62%
71%
Kent County Population
by Race and Hispanic Origin, 2000
Total Population
Hispanic
3%
Children under 18
All Others
Black or
African American
Non-Hispanic
5%
Hispanic
All Others
Black or
African American
Non-Hispanic
4%
20%
6%
23%
White
Non-Hispanic
White
Non-Hispanic
67%
72%
Sussex County Population
by Race and Hispanic Origin, 2000
Total Population
Hispanic
All Others
Black or
African American
Non-Hispanic
4%
Children under 18
2%
Hispanic
All Others
Black or
African American
Non-Hispanic
7%
15%
4%
21%
White
Non-Hispanic
White
Non-Hispanic
68%
79%
Wilmington Population
by Race and Hispanic Origin, 2000
Total Population
Children under 18
All Others
Hispanic
10%
Black or
African American
Non-Hispanic
56%
Hispanic
2%
White
Non-Hispanic
32%
14%
Black or
African American
Non-Hispanic
67%
All Others
3%
White
Non-Hispanic
16%
For more information see
Tables 1–7
p. 119–122
www.rdms.udel.edu/census
www.aecf.org/kidscount/census
www.cadsr.udel.edu/census2k
www.census.gov
www.prb.org
Source: 2000 Census, U.S. Census Bureau
Note: Persons of Hispanic origin may be of any race.
KIDS COUNT in Delaware
17
Definitions
Household – A household consists of
all the people who occupy a housing
unit. It may be a family household or
a non-family household. A non-family
household consists of a householder
living alone or where the householder
shares the home exclusively with people
to whom he/she is not related. A family
household is a household maintained
by a householder who is in a family and
includes any unrelated people who may
be residing there.
Families with Related
Children by
Household Structure
Families with & without
Children under 18
Living in Household
Delaware, 2000
Delaware, 2000
Male Headed
Households
w/Children
Female Headed
Households
with Children
7%
26%
Married Couples
with Children
Family – A family is a group of two
people or more related by birth,
marriage, or adoption who are
residing together.
Families
with
Children
51%
Families
without
Children
49%
67%
New Castle County, 2000
Male Headed
Households
w/Children
Female Headed
Households
with Children
7%
26%
Married Couples
with Children
New Castle County, 2000
Families
with
Children
53%
Families
without
Children
47%
67%
Male Headed
Households
w/Children
Kent County, 2000
8%
Female Headed
Households
with Children
26%
Married Couples
with Children
Kent County, 2000
Families
with
Children
54%
Families
without
Children
46%
66%
Sussex County, 2000
Male Headed
Households
w/Children
8%
Female Headed
Households
with Children
26%
Definitions
Own Children – A child under 18
years old who is a son or daughter
by birth, marriage (a stepchild),
or adoption.
Related Children – All people in a
household under the age of 18 who
are related to the householder. Does
not include householder’s spouse or
foster children, regardless of age.
Married Couples
with Children
Sussex County, 2000
Families
with
Children
43%
Families
without
Children
57%
66%
Male Headed
Households
w/Children
Wilmington, 2000
8%
Female Headed
Households
with Children
Married Couples
with Children
52%
Wilmington, 2000
Families
with
Children
49%
Families
without
Children
51%
40%
Source: Population Reference Bureau, 2000 Census,
U.S. Census Bureau
18
KIDS COUNT in Delaware
Source: Population Reference Bureau, 2000 Census,
U.S. Census Bureau
HEALTH
& HEALTH BEHAVIORS
Prenatal Care ....................................... 20
Low Birth Weight Babies ....................... 22
Infant Mortality .................................... 24
Women and Children Receiving WIC ..... 31
Lead Poisoning ..................................... 32
Child Immunizations ............................. 33
Childhood Asthma ................................ 34
Children without Health Insurance ......... 36
Child Deaths ......................................... 38
Teen Deaths by Accident,
Homicide, & Suicide ......................... 40
Sexually Transmitted Diseases ............... 43
Alcohol, Tobacco, and Other Drugs ....... 44
Delaware Children Speak
about Health and Health Behaviors... 46
KIDS COUNT in Delaware
19
Prenatal Care
Early prenatal care is recommended for all pregnant women to increase the chance of
better birth outcomes. 1 Research has shown the importance of prenatal care. Pregnant
women who receive no prenatal care have a 40 percent increase in risk of neonatal
death. 2 Prenatal care allows ones’ healthcare provider the chance to detect warning signs,
prevent future problems, and to offer advice for the mother-to-be. 3 Since 1990, the United
States has seen an 11 percent increase in the proportion of pregnant women who are
receiving prenatal care in the first trimester. This increase is largely due to an increased
awareness about the importance of prenatal care. 4 Delaware had seen early prenatal care
rates increase from 83.9 percent in 1995 to 87.1 percent in 2002. 5 However, barriers such
as lack of health insurance, transportation, and cultural and personal factors still exist
which are preventing pregnant women from receiving prenatal care. 6
1 Engender Health. Available at http://engenderhealth.org/wh/mch/pprecare.html
2 The Alan Guttmacher Institute. Available at http://www.guttmacher.org/pubs/journals/3427002.html
3 The National Women’s Health Information Center. Available at http://www. 4 women.gov/faq/prenatal.htm
4 National Center for Health Statistics. Available at http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr52/nvsr52_02.pdf
5 March of Dimes. Available at http://www.marchofdimes.com/peristats/tlanding.aspx?reg=10&lev=0&top=5&slev=4
6 March of Dimes. Available at http://www.marchofdimes.com/peristats/ataglance/10.pdf
Prenatal Care
Delaware Compared to U.S.
Percentage of Mothers Receiving Prenatal Care
in the First Trimester of Pregnancy
100
90
80
70
85.1
Delaware
80.6
U.S.
60
50
40
30
8791
8892
8993
9094
9195
92939496
97
98
Five-Year Periods
9599
9600
9701
9802
9903
Sources: Delaware Health Statistics Center, National Center for Health Statistics
Did you know?
• During 2003 in Delaware, 2.9 percent of White* women received late or no prenatal care,
compared to 7.3 percent of Black* women and 6.8 percent of Hispanic women. 1
• In the last decade, there have been substantial increases in the number of women receiving prenatal care. The greatest increases are seen in Black, Hispanic, and Native American women who
have had at least a 20 percent increase from 1990 to 2000. 2
• In an average week in Delaware, 213 babies are born, 21 of whom received inadequate prenatal
care, and 2 of whom will not live to see their first birthday. 3
* White refers here to non-Hispanic White and Black to non-Hispanic Black.
1 National Center for Health Statistics. Available at http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr52/nvsr52_02.pdf
2 National Center for Health Statistics. Available at http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/births.htm
3 March of Dimes. Available at http://www.marchofdimes.com/peristats/ataglance/10.pdf
20
KIDS COUNT in Delaware
Prenatal Care
Delaware, Counties and Wilmington
100
Percentage of Mothers Receiving Prenatal Care
in the First Trimester of Pregnancy
NC: 90.6
90
80
70
60
W: 83.7
New Castle
Sussex
S: 75.9
Kent
K: 74.8
Wilmington
50
40
30
8791
Delaware: 85.1
8892
8993
9094
9195
92939496
97
98
Five Year Periods
9599
9600
9701
9802
9802
Delaware by Race and Hispanic Origin
Percentage of Mothers Receiving Prenatal Care
in the First Trimester of Pregnancy
100
90
87.9
White
78.6
80
Hispanic*
70
60
72.6
Black
50
40
Delaware:
30
8791
8892
8993
9094
Source: Delaware Health Statistics Center
9195
92939496
97
98
Five-Year Periods
9599
9600
9701
85.1
9802
9903
* Hispanic data was not available
before the 1989–1993 period.
For more information see
There are resources available to help expectant mothers obtain early prenatal
care in Delaware. These include:
• Smart-Start – A state service program for Medicaid eligible pregnant women
• Department of Health and Human Services – Their toll free number, 1-800-311-BABY,
can be called anywhere within the country. Pregnant women who call will be connected
with their state’s maternal and child health hotline.
• Better Beginnings’ Program – Sponsored by Planned Parenthood of Delaware and
Christina Care Health Systems, the Better Beginnings Program offers a variety of services
for pregnant women. For information, call 1-800-230-PLAN.
Tables 8 –11
p. 123 –126
Table 23
p. 133
www.kidshealth.org
www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/
www.med.umich.edu/obgyn/
smartmoms/
www.aafp.org/
www.modimes.org/
www.4woman.gov
KIDS COUNT in Delaware
21
Low Birth Weight Babies
Low birth weight (LBW) is a factor in 65 percent of all infant deaths. While advances in
medical technology have reduced the number of LBW infant deaths, LBW babies are still
at increased risk for mental retardation, cerebral palsy, and impaired lung, eye, or ear
function compared to normal weight babies. Each year in the United States, 1 of 13 babies
born are born with LBW. 1 In 2002, an estimated $15.5 billion dollars was spent in hospital
charges for babies diagnosed as pre-term or LBW. This is largely due to the increased risk
for health problems that require specialized care in intensive care units to help LBW babies survive. 2 Maternal factors that are associated with LBW include poverty, low levels of
educational attainment, and smoking. 3
1 March of Dimes. Available at http://marchofdimes.com/printableArticles/681_1153.asp?printable=true
2 March of Dimes. Available at http://marchofdimes.com/peristats
3 National Center for Health Statistics, Center for Disease Control. Available at http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr51/nvsr51_02.pdf
Low Birth Weight Babies
Delaware Compared to U.S.
9.5
9.2
Percentage of All Births
9.0
8.5
8.0
Delaware
7.5
7.7
7.0
U.S.
6.5
8690
8791
8892
8993
9094
9195
9296
9397
9498
9599
9600
9701
9802
9903
Five-Year Periods
Delaware and Counties
10.0
NC: 9.6
Percentage of All Births
9.5
9.0
K: 9.2
8.5
8.0
New Castle
7.5
Kent
7.0
6.5
8690
S: 8.0
Sussex
Delaware: 9.2
8791
8892
8993
9094
9195
9296
9397
9498
9599
9600
9701
9802
9903
Five-Year Periods
Source: Delaware Health Statistics Center
Did you know?
A very low birth weight infant’s risk of dying in the first year of life is nearly 100 times that of normal
birth weight babies.
Source: National Vital Statistics Reports, Center for Disease Control. Available at www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr54/nvsr54_01.pdf
22
KIDS COUNT in Delaware
Low Birth Weight Babies
Delaware by Race and Hispanic Origin
Definitions
Infancy – the period from birth
to one year
15.0
14.0
Black
Neonatal – the period from birth
to 28 days
14.1
Low Birth Weight Babies – infants
weighing less than 2,500 grams
(5.5 lbs.) at birth (includes very low
birth weight)
13.0
Percentage of All Births
12.0
11.0
Very Low Birth Weight – less than
1,500 grams (3.3 lbs.)
10.0
Pre-term – babies born before the 37th
week of pregnancy. (60% of low birth
weight babies are pre-term.)
9.0
Full Term – babies born between the
37th and 42nd week of pregnancy.
8.0
7.6
7.0
6.0
Hispanic*
7.0
White
5.0
4.0
8690
Delaware: 9.2
8791
8892
8993
9094
9195
9296
9397
Five-Year Periods
Source: Delaware Health Statistics Center
Percentage of Babies with
9498
9599
9600
9701
9802
9903
* Hispanic data was not available
before the 1989–1993 period.
Percentage of Babies with
Low Birth Weight
Very Low Birth Weight
(weight less than 2500 grams)
by Age and Race of Mother
(weight less than 1500 grams)
by Age and Race of Mother
Low birth weight babies in Delaware represent:
Very low birth weight babies in Delaware represent:
9.2% of all infants born
1.9% of all infants born
11.2% of births to teenagers
2.5% of births to teenagers
9.5% of births to women 20–24 years old
1.9% of births to women 20–24 years old
8.3% of births to women 25–29 years old
1.7% of births to women 25–29 years old
9.0% of births to women 30+ years old
2.0% of births to women 30+ years old
7.6% of all births to White women
1.5% of all births to White women
14.1% of all births to Black women
3.5% of all births to Black women
7.0% of all births to Hispanic women
1.6% of all births to Hispanic women
Delaware Average 9.2%
Delaware Average 1.9%
Five-year average percentages, 1999 –2003
Source: Delaware Health Statistics Center
Five-year average percentages, 1999 –2003
For more information see
Tables 9 –15
p. 124-129
Table 22
p. 134
www.modimes.org
www.kidshealth.org
www.promisingpractices.html
http://www.modimes.org/
professionals/681_1153.asp
Source: Delaware Health Statistics Center
KIDS COUNT in Delaware
23
Infant Mortality
Infant mortality is one of the key indicators of a nation’s health status. During the
1990s, the infant mortality rate in the U.S. declined steadily. When the first KIDS COUNT
in Delaware Fact Book was published in 1995, Delaware showed the sixth worst infant
mortality rate in the U.S. with 10.9 deaths per 1,000 live births for the 1988–92 period.
With increased concern about the issue, the rate declined steadily to 7.8 in the 1993–97
period. In the past several years, as the U.S. rate declined to 7.0, the Delaware rate slowly
rose, again causing significant concern. In 2004, Governor Minner established the Infant
Mortality Task Force to respond and make recommendations. Although a record number
of women were receiving prenatal care and a decreased number of women were smoking,
the rate had continued to rise. Leading causes of infant death include disorders related
to premature birth (short gestation, low birth weight), congenital abnormalities, and
Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS).
Infant Mortality
Deaths of Infants Less than 1 Year Old per 1,000 Live Births
Delaware Compared to U.S.
13
Delaware
12
11
10
9.1
U.S.
9
8
7
6
6.9
8690
8791
8892
8993
9094
9195
939296
97
Five-Year Periods
9498
9599
9600
9701
9802
9903
Delaware, Counties and Wilmington
21
20
Deaths of Infants Less than 1 Year Old per 1,000 Live Births
19
Wilmington
18
17
16
15
Wilmington
13.5
14
13
Sussex
13
11
10
New Castle
New Castle
Sussex
Kent
Kent
9.5
7.4
9.5
9
8
7
6
5
8690
Delaware: 9.1
8791
8892
8993
Source: Delaware Health Statistics Center
24
KIDS COUNT in Delaware
9094
9195
929396
97
Five-Year Periods
9498
9599
9600
9701
9802
9903
Infant Mortality
21
19
Deaths of Infants Less than 1 Year Old per 1,000 Live Births
Definitions
Delaware by Race and Hispanic Origin
Infant Mortality Rate – number of
deaths occurring in the first year of
life per 1,000 live births.
Black
16.7
17
Birth Cohort – all children born within a
specified period of time. An infant death
in the cohort means that a child born
during that period died within the first
year after birth.
Weeks of Gestation – the number of
weeks elapsed between the first day of
the last normal menstrual period and the
date of birth.
15
13
Neonatal Period – under 28 days
11
Postnatal Period – 28 days through
one year
Hispanic*
9
8.3
White
7
6.9
5
3
8690
Delaware: 9.1
8791
8892
8993
9094
9195
9296
9397
9498
9599
9600
9701
9802
9903
Five-Year Periods
* Hispanic data not available before the 1989–1993 period. Hispanic rates from 1989–1993 through 1996–2000 do not
meet standard of reliability or precision; based on fewer than 20 deaths in the numerator.
Source: Delaware Health Statistics Center
Infant Deaths by Cause and Mother’s Race
Delaware Live Birth Cohort, 1998–2002
White
Short gestation
& unspecified
low birth
weight:
42
Other perinatal
conditions: 111
Other:
32
Diseases of
respiratory
system: 0
Homicide: 2
Black
Infectious &
parasitic
diseases:
Short gestation &
unspecified low
birth weight:
45
6
Birth
Defects:
44
SIDS, etc.:
26
Unintentional
injuries: 5
Total Number of Deaths
in five-year period: 268 Children
Other perinatal
conditions: 103
Homicide: 0
Infectious &
parasitic
diseases:
5
Birth
Defects: 18
SIDS, etc.:
14
Other:
13
Unintentional
injuries: 3
Diseases of
respiratory system: 4
Total Number of Deaths
in five-year period: 205 Children
Source: Delaware Health Statistics Center
Did you know?
Delaware has the benefit of being part of five states working collaboratively with the Centers for
Disease Control and Prevention, the Association of Maternal and Child Health Programs, and the
March of Dimes to form the State Infant Mortality Collaborative (SIMC). The SIMC aids states in
deciphering exact causes for infant mortality and helps provide means for solving the problem.
Definition
Other perinatal conditions – other
perinatal conditions include maternal
complications and risk factors that affect
the infant, as well as complications of
birth/delivery, and fetal infections.
Source: Reducing Infant Mortality in Delaware, Delaware Infant Mortality Task Force Report, May 2005. Available at http://www.dhss.delaware.
gov/dhss/dph/files/infantmortalityreport.pdf
KIDS COUNT in Delaware
25
Infant Mortality
Infant Mortality by Gestation
Definitions
Live birth cohort – a matched file of
live births and corresponding infants
deaths based on the year of birth.
(For example, an infant who was
born in November 2002 and died in
September 2003 would be counted in
the 2002 rate.)
Delaware by Weeks of Gestation
500
Deaths of Infants Less than 1 Year Old per 1,000 Live Births in Each Category
Gestation – the period of time a baby
is carried in the uterus, usually referred
to in weeks. A full-term gestation is
between 37 and 42 weeks.
<28 Weeks
450
<28 Weeks: 522.6
400
350
300
250
200
150
100
28–36 Weeks
37+ Weeks
50
0
8993
9094
28–36 Weeks: 14.1
37+ Weeks: 2.3
9195
9296
9397
9498
9599
9600
9701
9802
Five-Year Periods
Source: Delaware Health Statistics Center
Infant Mortality in Delaware by
500
450
400
350
250
White
28–36 Weeks: 14.7
Black
Source: Delaware Health Statistics Center
26
KIDS COUNT in Delaware
37+ Weeks: 3.0
0
<28 Weeks: 530.1
50
37+ Weeks: 2.1
150
28–36 Weeks: 13.7
200
100
• Two major factors have been identified as
playing a role in infant mortality. First, there
are socioeconomic and biological factors of
the mother that can adversely affect the outcome of the pregnancy. Possible outcomes
include premature births, low birth weight,
or sick newborns. Second, infant mortality is
dependent upon the health status of the baby
at the time of birth. 1
• Infant mortality rates are higher among
mothers who had received no prenatal
care, were under 20, did not complete high
school, were unmarried, or were smokers.
Additionally, baby boys have a higher rate of
infant mortality than baby girls. 2
300
<28 Weeks: 518.2
Deaths of Infants Less than 1 Year Old per 1,000 Live Births, Five-Year Averages, 1998–2002
Gestation and Race
Did you know?
• The highest infant mortality rate is among
Black women in large cities in the U.S.
It is nearly double that of White women. 3
1 Reducing Infant Mortality in Delaware, Delaware Infant Mortality
Task Force Report, May 2005. Available at http://www.dhss.delaware.gov/dhss/dph/files/infantmortalityreport.pdf
2 Maternal & Child Health Library. Available at http://www.mchlibrary.
info/KnowledgePaths/kp_infmort.html
3 Office of Minority Health, Center for Disease Center. Available at
http://www.cdc.gov/omh/AMH/factsheets/infant.htm
Infant Mortality by Birth Weight
Definitions
Deaths of Infants Less than 1 Year Old per 1,000 Live Births in Each Category
Delaware
400
< 1500 grams
350
316.2
300
Low Birth Weight Babies – infants
weighing less than 2,500 grams (5.5
lbs.) at birth (includes very low birth
weight)
Very Low Birth Weight – less than
1,500 grams (3.3 lbs.)
250
200
150
100
1500–2499 grams
2500+ grams
50
0
8993
9094
9195
13.5
2.3
9296
Infant Mortality in Delaware by
Birth Weight
300
9599
9600
9701
9802
Knowing the warning signs of
labor can help a women identify premature labor and allow
her to get the care she needs.
Warning signs of labor include:
• Uterine contractions that come
10 to 15 minutes apart.
250
• An increased amount of vaginal
discharge that could be tinted pink or
brown, mucous-like, or watery.
White
<1500 g: 335.5
1500-2499 g: 11.9
Black
Source: Delaware Health Statistics Center
2500+ g: 3.0
0
2500+ g: 2.1
150
1500-2499 g: 14.5
200
<1500 g: 303.4
Deaths of Infants Less than 1 Year Old
per 1,000 Live Births, Five-Year Average1998–2002
350
50
9498
Five-Year Periods
Source: Delaware Health Statistics Center
100
9397
• Abdominal cramps with or without diarrhea and/or menstrual-like cramps
low in the abdomen region.
• Low, dull backache.
• Pelvic pressure that feels like the baby
is pushing down.
• A feeling that something is abnormal.
Did you know?
• Twins and multiple births are more often associated with shorter gestation periods than single
births. Shorter gestation periods result in an increased risk for infant mortality. 1
• Doctors recommend that pregnant women take 400 micrograms (mcg) of folic acid every day to
help prevent certain birth defects that occur early in pregnancy. 2
• Since the “Back to Sleep” Campaign began in 1994, the nation has seen a 50 percent drop in the
number of yearly SIDS deaths. The decrease is credited to putting babies to sleep on their backs. 3
1 Reducing Infant Mortality in Delaware, Delaware Infant Mortality Task Force Report, May 2005. Available at http://www.dhss.delaware.gov/dhss/
dph/files/infantmortalityreport.pdf
2 The National Women’s Health Information Health Center, U.S. DHHS. Available at http://www.4women.gov/faq/prenatal.htm
3 National Institute of Child Health and Human Development. Available at http://www.nichd.nih.gov/womenshealth/sids_research.cfm
KIDS COUNT in Delaware
27
Infant Mortality
Infant Mortality by Prenatal Care
Delaware by Trimester Prenatal Care Began
Deaths of Infants Less than 1 Year Old per 1,000 Live Births
60
No Care: 56.5
No Care
50
40
30
20
First: 8.3
Third
Second
Second: 8.3
Third: 8.1
10
First
0
8993
9094
9195
9296
9397
9498
9599
9600
9701
9802
Five-Year Periods
Source: Delaware Health Statistics Center
Deaths of Infants Less than 1 Year Old per 1,000 Live Births
Infant Mortality by Source of Payment
Delaware by Source of Payment for Delivery
30
25
Self Pay
27.4
20
15
Medicaid
10.0
10
5
7.4
Private Insurance
0
9195
9296
959498
99
Five-Year Periods
9397
9600
9802
9701
Source: Delaware Health Statistics Center
Prenatal Care Began
Source of Payment for Delivery
White
Black
Source: Delaware Health Statistics Center
28
KIDS COUNT in Delaware
10
0
White
Black
Source: Delaware Health Statistics Center
Self Pay: 57.1
20
Private: 15.9
30
Medicaid: 12.9
40
Self Pay: 18.4
Third: 9.7
First: 14.8
Second : 11.4
0
No Care: 57.3
10
Third: 6.5
20
No Care 58.4
30
First: 6.4
Second: 7.4
40
50
Private: 5.8
50
60
Medicaid: 8.3
60
Deaths of Infants Less than 1 Year Old per 1,000
Live Births, Five-Year Average1998–2002
Infant Mortality in Delaware by
Deaths of Infants Less than 1 Year Old per 1,000
Live Births, Five-Year Average1998–2002
Infant Mortality in Delaware by Trimester
Infant Mortality by Single vs. Multiple Birth
Delaware
Deaths of Infants Less than 1 Year Old per 1,000 Live Births
52.9
Multiple
Definition
Birth Interval – the period of time
between the birth of one child and the
birth of the next. Birth interval stats do
not include multiple births.
60
50
40
30
20
10
Single
0
8993
9094
7.3
9195
9296
9397
9498
9599
9600
9701
9802
Five-Year Periods
Source: Delaware Health Statistics Center
Infant Mortality by Birth Interval
Delaware
18
16
14
<18 months
12
8.9
10
8
6
4
18+ months
7.0
2
9195
9296
9397
9498
9599
Infant Mortality in Delaware by
White
Black
Source: Delaware Health Statistics Center
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
White
18+ mo.: 11.2
Multiple: 68.5
0
Multiple: 48.0
10
Single: 13.4
50
Birth Interval
Deaths of Infants Less than 1 Year Old per 1,000
Live Births, Five-Year Average 1998–2002
60
Single: 5.4
Deaths of Infants Less than 1 Year Old per 1,000
Live Births, Five-Year Average1998–2002
70
20
9802
Infant Mortality in Delaware by
Multiple vs. Single Birth
30
9701
Five-Year Periods
Source: Delaware Health Statistics Center
40
9600
<18 mo.: 13.0
9094
18+ mo.: 5.7
0
8993
<18 mo.: 7.3
Deaths of Infants Less than 1 Year Old
per 1,000 Live Births
20
Black
Source: Delaware Health Statistics Center
KIDS COUNT in Delaware
29
Infant Mortality
Infant Mortality by Smoking During Pregnancy
Deaths of Infants Less than 1 Year Old per 1,000 Live Births
Delaware
16
14
12
10
8
6
15.1
Mother
Smoker
Mother
Nonsmoker
8.0
4
2
0
8993
9094
9195
9296
9397
9498
9599
9600
9701
9802
Five-Year Periods
Source: Delaware Health Statistics Center
Infant Mortality in Delaware by
20
15
White
Yes: 18.9
0
No: 14.8
5
Yes: 14.2
10
No: 5.8
Deaths of Infants Less than 1 Year Old per 1,000
Live Births, Five-Year Average1998–2002
Smoking in Pregnancy
Black
Source: Delaware Health Statistics Center
In October, 2005, the American
Academy of Pediatrics (AAP)
recommended that
pacifiers be offered to infants
up to 1 year of age as a potential method
to reduce the risk of Sudden Infant Death
Syndrome (SIDS). An AAP meta-analysis
of seven case-control studies showed a
significant reduced risk of SIDS with pacifier use, particularly when used for sleep.
Pacifier use is recommended for daytime
naps as well as at night. Pacifiers should
be introduced after breastfeeding has
been well established, however.
Source: PEDIATRICS, Vol. 116 No. 5 November 2005,
pp. e716-e723.
Delaware Infant Mortality Task Force and Healthy Infant
and Mother Consortium
The Infant Mortality Task Force, a 30-member group, identified 20 different recommendations to address the State’s infant mortality issue. The Task Force has set a specific goal of
reducing infant and perinatal mortality to 4.5 deaths per 1,000 live births by the year 2010. To
implement these recommendations, the Delaware Healthy Infant and Mother Consortium has
been created by legislation in early 2006. Key recommendations are:
For more information see
Tables 16 – 27
p. 130 –135
www.modimes.org
• Conduct a comprehensive review of every fetal and infant death
• Create a monitoring system to increase understanding of the risks faced by pregnant mothers
www.cdc.gov/nccdphp/drh/index.htm
• Improve access to care for populations disproportionately impacted by infant mortality
www.hmhb.org
• Provide access to preconception care for all women of childbearing age
www.dhss.delaware.gov/dhss/dph/
files/infantmortalityreport.pdf
http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/cgi/
content/abstract/116/5/e716
30
KIDS COUNT in Delaware
An appropriation of $1 million was allocated for Fiscal Year 2006, with another appropriation
of $1 million for FY 2007 in Governor Minner’s proposed 2007 Budget.
The complete infant mortality report can be obtained at http://www.dhss.delaware.gov/dhss/
files/infantmortalityreport.pdf
Women, Infants, and Children Receiving WIC
The Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) is a
federally-funded program that supports low-income pregnant, postpartum and breastfeeding women, infants, and children up to the age of five who are at nutritional risk. For
qualifying individuals, WIC offers supplemental nutritious foods, nutrition education and
counseling at WIC clinics, and screening and referrals to other health, welfare, and social
services. Numerous studies, reviews, and reports have demonstrated the effectiveness of WIC
in reducing health care costs and improving the health/nutritional status of its recipients.
Source: Food & Nutrition Service, U.S. Dept. of Agriculture. Available at http://www.fns.usda.gov/wic/aboutwic/wicataglance.htm
WIC Program
Delaware
Average Monthly WIC Participation in Delaware in Thousands
20
19
18,340
18
17
16
Delaware
15
14
13
12
11
10
00
01
02
Years
03
04
Source: Delaware Division of Public Health, WIC Office
Did you know?
• Studies estimate that for every dollar spent
on WIC, Medicaid savings range from $1.92
to $4.21, mostly due to improved health
outcomes. 1
• More than 45 percent of all babies born in
Delaware will participate in WIC at some
point in their lives. 2 In the U.S., 47% of
babies born are eligible for WIC. It is estimated that 93 percent of all eligible people
receive WIC benefits. 3
• In the U.S., slightly over 38% of all WIC
recipients are Hispanic, 35.9% are White*,
20.1% are Black*, 3.5% are Asian/Pacific
Islanders, and 1.4% Native American/
Alaskan. 4
* Whites refers here to non-Hispanic Whites and Blacks refers to
non-Hispanic Blacks.
1&2 Delaware Health and Social Services. Available at http://www.
dhss.delaware.gov/dhss/pressreleases/2004/wicconf8-24-04.html
3&4 Food & Nutrition Service, U.S. Dept. of Agriculture. Available at
http://www.fns.usda.gov/wic/aboutwic/wicataglance.htm
WIC Program
Delaware, 2004
More than half the babies born in
Delaware in 2004 were on WIC.
Source: DE Division of Public Health, WIC Office
The Delaware Division
of Public Health offers
12 WIC sites statewide.
Contact information:
Delaware Health and Social Service
Division of Public Health
WIC Program
Blue Hen Corporate Center
655 Bay Rd., Suite 4-B
Dover, DE 19901
Phone: 302-739-4614
Toll-free-in-state: 1-800-222-2189
For more information see
Table 47
p. 146
www.fns.usda.gov/wic
KIDS COUNT in Delaware
31
Lead Poisoning
Lead is a toxic metal that can have detrimental effects on body tissues and enzymes.
Babies and young children are most at risk for lead poisoning because of their tendency
to put objects into their mouths. Lead poisoning can cause: nervous system and kidney
damage; speech, language, and behavioral problems; poor muscle coordination; learning
disabilities; and decreased muscle and bone growth. Lead poisoning most often results
from being exposed to lead-based paint in older homes and household dust that contains
high levels of lead. 1 In 2003, Delaware exceeded the U.S. Healthy People 2010 goal by
lowering child (ages 1–5) lead poisoning rates to below 3.2 percent. Delaware rates
are below the national average. 2
1 The Mayo Clinic. Available at http://www.mayoclinic.com
2 Delaware Health and Social Services. Available at http://www.dhss.delaware.gov/dhss/pressreleases/2003/lead8-18-03.htm
Lead Poisoning
Percent of Tested Children Age 6 and Under
with Blood Lead Levels at or Exceeding 15 mcg/dl
Delaware
3.0
2.0
3.1
Delaware
1.0
0.07
0.0
94
95
96
97
98
99
00
01
02
03
04
05
Fiscal Years
Number of Children Tested in Delaware
Number of Children Identified in Delaware
12
10
12,175
Delaware
8
6
4
2
0
94 95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05
Fiscal Years
Number of Children Identified
Thousands of Children Tested
14
260
240 Delaware
220
200
180
160
140
120
100
80
60
40
9
20
0
94 95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05
Fiscal Years
Source: Delaware Department of Health and Social Services
For more information see
Table 28
p. 136
www.aeclp.org
www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/
leadpoisoning.html
www.cdc.gov/nceh/lead/lead.htm
www.epa.gov/opptintr/lead/index.html
www.hud.gov/offices/lead/
1-212-BAN-LEAD
The National Lead Information Center
1-800-424-LEAD (5323)
32
KIDS COUNT in Delaware
Lead poisoning prevention tips from www.MayoClinic.com:
• Have your home assessed by a professional for lead hazards. Home lead test
are not recommended by the EPA because of reliability issues.
• Follow healthy practices such as regular hand washing, dusting with a wet
cloth, and preparing foods high in iron and calcium which help prevent the
absorption of lead into a child’s body.
• Run cold water for at least a minute before using, especially if it hasn’t been used for
a while. Don’t use hot tap water to make baby formula or for cooking.
• When remodeling, take the necessary precautions in an older home that may have
lead-based paint.
For more information contact the Delaware Office of Lead Poisoning Prevention at
302-744-4546.
Child Immunizations
In the 20th century one of the most cost-effective preventive health measures was child
vaccinations. Childhood immunizations have greatly reduced the incidence of vaccinepreventable diseases. Immunizations are very important for maintaining the health
status of our children. 1 The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommend that all children receive up to 20 vaccinations by the age of two. These vaccinations
help safeguard our children from 11 vaccine-preventable disease plus Hepatitis A and the
flu. 2 In 2004, the percent of young children (18 –35 months) in the U.S. who were fully
immunized reached an all-time high of 83 percent. 3
1 Children’s Defense Fund. Available at http://childrensdefense.org/childhealth/immunizations/
2 Every Child by Two Campaign. Available at http://www.ecbt.org
3 Child Trends Databank. Available at http://www.childtrendsdatabank.org
Child Immunizations
Percentage of Children Age 19–35 Months who Are Fully Immunized
Delaware Compared to U.S.
90
Delaware:
86.4
U.S.:
83.5
85
Delaware
80
75
U.S.
70
65
60
95
96
97
98
99
Years
00
01
02
03
04
Sources: Centers For Disease Control and Prevention; Delaware Department of Health and Social Services
Did you know?
• The primary reason for the U.S. 1989 – 91
measles outbreak was children not being
immunized at the recommended age. 1
• The Vaccines for Children program (VFC)
served about 41% the childhood population
in 2002 at no cost to the provider or parent. 2
• In 2004, immunization rate for measlesmumps-rubella (MMR), polio, Hemophilus
influenzae type b (Hb), and hepatitis B vaccines each met or exceeded the Healthy People
2010 target levels. 3
• In 1921, a diphtheria outbreak caused
12,230 deaths in the U.S. Due to immunizations, only one death was reported in 1998. 4
1 Every Child by Two Campaign. Available at http://www.ecbt.org
2 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Dept. of Health and Human Services Available at http://www.cdc.gov/program
3 Child Trends Databank. Available at http://www.childtrendsdatabank.
org
4 American Academy of Pediatrics. Available at http://aap.org/advocacy/
releases/whyimmunize.htm
The American Academy of
Pediatrics (AAP) recommended
2006 childhood immunization
schedule changes, including:
• a Hepatitis A vaccine for all infants
12 to 23 months of age, with a second
dose six months later.
• a single dose of meningococcal conjugate vaccine for all 11- to 12-year-olds,
for adolescents at high school entry or
15 years of age, and for college freshmen who will be living in a dormitory.
For more information see www.aap.org/
advocacy/releases/jan06immsch.htm
For more information see
Table 29
For information on immunizations in Delaware, contact the
Immunization Branch of the
Delaware Department of Public
Health at 302-741-2950 or
toll-free 1-800-282-8672.
p. 136
www.kidshealth.org/parent/general/
body/vaccine.html
www.aap.org/advocacy/releases/
jan06immsch.htm
KIDS COUNT in Delaware
33
Childhood Asthma
Affecting nearly 5 million U.S. children in 2003, asthma is the most common serious
chronic disease for children. 1 In Delaware, 15.3 percent of children have been diagnosed
with asthma within their lifetime. 2 Asthma is an inflammatory condition of the bronchial
airways producing excessive mucus in the lungs, and swelling and contractions of the
airways. Asthma’s two most common triggers in children are colds and allergies. Exercise,
irritants such as secondhand smoke, and excessive stress can also trigger an attack.
Children with asthma may cough and experience a wheezing sensation. Additionally, they
have chest tightness and shortness of breath. It is estimated that asthma is the cause of
three million physician visits and hospitalizations for children each year in the United
States. 3 In 2003 alone, asthma was the cause for 12.8 million missed days of school for U.S.
children. The annual health care cost associated with asthma is estimated at $16.1 billion.
4 Many medications, such as rescue medications and long-term inflammatory controller
medications, exist to help alleviate the problems associated with asthma.
1
2
3
4
American Academy of Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology. Available at http://www.aaai.org/patients/publicedmat/tips/childhoodasthma.stm
Trends in Asthma Morbidity and Mortality, Epidemiology and Statistics Unit, American Lung Association, May 2005.
American Academy of Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology. Available at http://www.aaai.org/patients/publicedmat/tips/childhoodasthma.stm
American Lung Association. Available at http://www.lungusa.org/site/pp.aspx?c=dvLUK9O0E&b=22782
Hospitalizations for Childhood Asthma
Inpatient Asthma Discharges for Children 0–17, Delaware Hospitals
Number of Children 0-17 Discharged
800
700
707
Delaware Total Discharges
600
630
500
400
300
200
100
Children
Discharged
3.5
Readmissions
0
94
95
77
96
97
98
Years
99
00
01
02
03
Discharge Rates for Childhood Asthma
Discharge Rates
per 1,000 Children 0-17
Inpatient Asthma Discharges Rates for Children 0–17, Delaware Hospitals
4
3.5
3
Delaware
2
1
0
94
95
96
97
98
Years
99
00
01
02
03
Readmission Rates for Childhood Asthma
Readmissions per 100 Children 0-17
Previously Admitted in the Same Year
Inpatient Asthma Readmission Rates for Children Admitted in Same Year, Delaware Hospitals
20
15
Delaware
12.1
10
5
0
94
95
96
Source: Delaware Health Statistics Center
34
KIDS COUNT in Delaware
97
98
Years
99
00
01
02
03
The Burden of Asthma in Delaware, released in October 2005 by the Division of Public
Health, and the Delaware Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Control reports:
• In 2003, 11.7 percent of Delaware adults (about 72,000) reported having asthma at some
time during their lives, according to the Delaware Behavioral Risk Factor Survey. About 7.5%
(or 46,000 adults) currently have asthma.
• Delaware’s prevalence is the same as the national prevalence for 2003.
• Asthma appears to be slightly more prevalent among young people. In the 2003 Delaware
Youth Risk Behavior Survey, about 19% of high school students reported having been
diagnosed with asthma; and 6.5% said they had an asthma attack in the past 12 months.
• Delaware’s asthma-related hospital discharge rate is comparable to the national rate.
Definitions
Discharge Rate – Number of inpatient
asthma discharges for children 0 –17
years of age per 1,000 children in the
same aged group
Readmissions – Number of asthma inpatient hospital admissions for children
ages 0 –17 who had previously been
discharged with a diagnosis of asthma
in the same year
Readmission Rate – Number of
inpatient asthma readmissions for
children ages 0 –17 per 100 children
previously admitted in the same year
• Children under age 4 are more than twice as likely to be hospitalized with asthma than any
other age group. They are about 4 times as likely to have an asthma-related hospitalization
than adults. The report estimates about 3,000 asthma-related hospitalizations of young
children a year.
• In Delaware, African American residents are hospitalized because of asthma at rates nearly
three times greater than Whites.
• There is no central registry of emergency room data, so the report examines data from two
insurance plans—state employees and Medicaid. Medicaid members are almost three times
as likely to use emergency room services for asthma treatment.
• In 2000 and 2001, the most recent years for which data are available, there were 17 deaths
per year from asthma in Delaware.
• Smoking and airborne pollution are major triggers for asthma symptoms.
• Eight years of evidence-based, comprehensive tobacco prevention and education programs
in the state have resulted in significant reductions in cigarette smoking in our state.
Prevalence of regular smoking among high school students—those who smoke on at
least 20 days of every month—decreased from 15% in 2000 to 9% in 2004, according to
the Delaware Youth Tobacco Survey. The state’s strong Clean Indoor Act is also protecting
people with asthma from exposure to second-hand tobacco smoke in public places.
Source: Delaware Health and Social Services, Division of Public Health. Available at http://www.dhss.delaware.gov/dhss/dph/dpc/asthma.html
Did you know?
• The Environmental Protection Agency
estimates that 200,000 to 1 million asthmatic
children have their condition worsened by
exposure to secondhand smoke. 1
• Running can trigger an asthmatic attack in
over 80 percent of children diagnosed with
asthma. Swimming is believed to be the least aggravating exercise for children with asthma. 2
• Nationally, females have a much higher
prevalence of asthma at 6.6 million compared to 4.4 million males. Additionally,
the prevalence rate in Blacks is 42 percent
higher than Whites. 3
1 Environmental Protection Agency. Available at http://www.epa.
gov/cgi-bin/epaprintonly.cgi
2 American Lung Association. Available at http://www.lungusa.org/site/
pp.aspx?c=dvLUK9O0E&b=22782
3 Trends in Asthma Morbidity and Mortality, Epidemiology and Statistics Unit, American Lung Association, May 2005.
The National Heart, Lung,
and Blood Institute offer a
downloadable questionnaire
and checklist entitled ‘How
Asthma-Friendly Is Your School?’ Parents
and school staff can use the resources
to determine whether their school is accommodating to asthmatic children. The
questionnaire and checklist, available
in English and Spanish, help identify
and isolate specific problem areas for
asthmatic children. Additionally, both
are supplemented with an extensive list
of organizations that can help parents
and school staff to promote asthmafriendly changes in their schools and can
be downloaded at: http://www.nhlbi.
nih.gov/health/public/lung/asthma/
friendhi.htm, or call the NHLBI Health
Information Center, 301-592-8573 or
240-629-3255 (TTY).
For more information see
Table 30
p. 136
www.kidshealth.org
www.childasthma.com
www.lungusa.org
KIDS COUNT in Delaware
35
Children without Health Insurance
In 2004, 11.2 percent or 8. 3 million children under the age of 19 were uninsured in the
U.S. 1 This rate remained unchanged from 2003. In Delaware, 1 out of 11 children under
age 19 are estimated not to have health insurance. 2 Medicaid and the State Children’s
Health Insurance Program (SCHIP) both attempt to combat the problem of uninsured
youth in our nation. In 2003, 25 million children were enrolled in Medicaid, the nation’s
major source of health insurance coverage for low-income citizens. However, millions
of children who are eligible for public coverage remain uninsured. In order to increase
enrollment, the federal government has proposed a $1 billion budget in grants for the
2006 fiscal year. 3 Health insurance is critical for our nation’s youth. Children with health
insurance generally have better overall health. They are more likely to receive the necessary immunizations, obtain treatment for recurring problems such as asthma, and get
preventative care to keep them healthy. In addition, school attendance and participation
in extracurricular activities are influenced by health insurance. 4 Healthcare providers
and government agencies recommend that all children have access to high-quality health
care services.
1
2
3
4
The Kaiser Commission. Available at http://www.kff.org/about/kcmu.cfm
March of Dimes. Available at http://www.marchofdimes.com/peristats
The Kaiser Commission. Available at http://www.kff.org/about/kcmu.cfm
Insure Kids Now. Available at http://www.insurekidsnow.gov
Children without Health Insurance
Delaware Compared to U.S.
Percentage of Children (0–17) without Health Insurance
18
16
U.S.
14
11.4
12
10
Delaware
10.3
8
6
4
2
0
8688
8789
8890
8991
9092
9193
9294
9395
9496
9597
9698
9799
9800
9901
0002
0103
0204
0305
Three-Year Periods
Source: Center for Applied Demography and Survey Research, University of Delaware
Did you know?
• In Delaware, the State Children’s Health Insurance Program (SCHIP) was enacted in 1997.
The States invested heavily in local- and community-based outreach and enrollment programs
to identify eligible children. The result of SCHIP from before the program in 1996 to 2002 was a
drop from 23 percent to 19 percent of uninsured low-income children.
• The Delaware Healthy Children Program (DHCP) is a low-cost health insurance program for
uninsured children under the age of 19 with a family income below 200 percent of the Federal
Poverty Level. Started in 1999, DHCP offers all the benefits of most private health insurance plans.
This includes routine check-ups, eye exams, and doctor and hospital services. A low monthly fee
ranges from $10 to $25 per month depending on income, without co-pays.
Source Delaware Healthy Children Program, Delaware Health and Social Services. Available at http://www.dhss.delaware.gov/dhss/dss/dhcpbenefits.html
36
KIDS COUNT in Delaware
Delaware Healthy Children Program
Applications and Enrollment through October 31, 2005
Applications mailed to families
18,112
Total ever enrolled
27,622
Total currently enrolled
4,742
Number of Children Currently Enrolled
27,622
25
20
15
10
5
0
00
Delaware
01
02
03
04
05
Thousands of Children Currently Enrolled
Thousands of Children Ever Enrolled
Number of Children Ever Enrolled
30
5
4
4,742
Delaware
3
2
1
0
00
01
Years
02
03
04
05
Years
Source: Delaware Department of Health and Social Services, Department of Social Services
Did you know?
• Between April 2003 and July 2004, 23 states made health insurance policies stricter for eligible
children, including freezing enrollment, increasing premiums, and reversing previously simplified
enrollment procedures. 1
• Children without health insurance are more than three times as likely to lack necessary dental
care; more than twice as likely to go without needed prescription medications; and more than
twice as likely to go without eyeglasses. 2
• In 2004, 92 percent of White* children, 87 percent of Black children, and 79 percent of
Hispanic children had health insurance coverage. Of children with a family income of $75,000
or more, 95 percent had coverage, compared with only 82 percent of children with a family
income of under $25,000. 3
* White refers here to non-Hispanic White.
1 The Kaiser Commission. Available at http://www.kff.org/about/kcmu.cfm
2 Children’s Defense Fund. Available at http://childrendefense.org/childhealth/chip/key_facts.aspx
3 Child Trends Databank. Available at http://www.childtrendsdatabank.org/indicators/26HealthCareCoverage.cfm
Uninsured children ages 0 –19 who live in families with incomes below 200
percent of the Federal Poverty Level are eligible for the Delaware Healthy
Children Program (DHCP). Eligible children for the Delaware Healthy Children
Program must be U.S. citizens, or non-citizen children must be classified by the
federal government as “qualified aliens”.
Examples of non-citizens who may be eligible:
• Lawful permanent residents who entered the U.S. before August 22, 1996
• Parolees of more than one year and conditional entrants
For more information see
Table 31
p. 137
Table 79
p. 162
www.childrensdefense.org
• Refugees, asylees, and those whose removal has been withheld
www.state.de.us/dss
• Cuban and Haitian entrants
www.kff.org
• Amerasians
www.cms.gov
www.insurekidsnow.gov
For more information about the Delaware Healthy Children Program please call toll-free
1-800-996-9969 or write to DHCP at P.O. Box 950, New Castle, DE 19720-9914.
KIDS COUNT in Delaware
37
Child Deaths Children 1–14
One of the biggest tragedies that families may face is the death of a child. Since 1980 child
death rates have dropped dramatically, particularly among children ages 1– 4. 1 Child
mortality patterns tend to change during and after infancy due to two primary factors:
1) Biological factors that dominate during infancy; and 2) Factors directly reflecting
behavior, which increase in importance with age. Unintentional injuries (caused by
motor vehicles, firearms, drowning, fire, falls, etc) account for about 44 percent of all
child deaths, representing the leading cause of child deaths ages 1–19. Homicide, suicide,
and cancer are the next leading causes of child mortality, respectively. The unintentional
death-by-firearm rate for children ages 1–14 is nine times higher than the combined rate
of 25 other leading industrialized countries. Motor vehicle crashes represent the leading
cause of accidental injury-related deaths among children ages 1–14. 2 The total annual
cost of motor vehicle occupant-related deaths and injuries exceed $17. 8 billion for children ages 1–14. Poverty is the strongly associated with injury risk in the U.S. Even though
the overall child mortality rates caused by injury are decreasing each year, death rates
among children of low-income families continue to rise. Children of low-income families
are twice as likely to die in a motor vehicle crash, four times more likely to drown and
five times more likely to die in a fire. Among children ages 1–14, Native American and
African American children have the highest accidental injury death rates in the U.S.—
one and a half times the rate for White children. 3
1 Child Trends Databank. Available at http://www.childtrendsdatabank.org/indicators/63ChildMortality.cfm
2 Health and the American Child: Update 2001. Public Health Policy Advisor Board. Available: http://www.phpab.org/HealthandtheAmericanChild/
childrens percent20mortality percent20web percent20version1.htm
3 Safe Kids USA. Available at http://www.usa.safekids.org/content_documents/At_risk_facts.pdf
Child Deaths
Delaware Compared to U.S.
Death Rate per 100,000 Children Ages 1–14
40
35
U.S.
30
Delaware
25
20
US:
21.8
DE:
21.4
15
10
8690
8791
8892
8993
9094
9195
9296
9397
9498
9599
9600
9701
9802
9903
Five-Year Periods
Sources: Delaware Health Statistics Center, National Center for Health Statistics
Did you know?
The probability of death by injury for children in the U.S. before they reach the age of 15 is 1 in
584. However, differences based on race and gender exist. The probability for a White child is 1 in
668, and for a Black child is 1 in 338. Boys are 70 percent more likely to die by injury than girls.
Source: Health and the American Child: Update 2001. Public Health Policy Advisor Board. Available: http://www.phpab.org/HealthandtheAmericanChild/childrens percent20mortality percent20web percent20version1.htm
38
KIDS COUNT in Delaware
Causes of Death
of Children 1–4
Causes of Death
of Children 5–14
Delaware, 1999 – 2003
Delaware, 1999 – 2003
Homicide: 1
Unintentional Injuries: 21
(Motor Vehicle: 8)
Cancer: 8
Diseases of
the Heart:
5
Chronic Lower
Respiratory
Diseases:
3
Birth
Defects: 5
Birth
Defects: 3
Definitions
Child Death Rate – number of deaths
per 100,000 children 1–14 years old
Unintentional Injuries – accidents,
including motor vehicle crashes
Unintentional Injuries: 37
(Motor Vehicle: 14)
Suicide: 5
All Other
Causes:
31
Cancer: 13
All Other
Causes:
28
Homicide: 4
Total Number of Deaths
in five-year period: 71 Children
Source: Delaware Health Statistics Center
Total Number of Deaths
in five-year period: 93 Children
Source: Delaware Health Statistics Center
Did you know?
• In 2003 in the U.S., an estimated 320 children ages 1–14 drowned in or around the home. 1
A child can drown by pool submersion very quickly and often before parents realize the child is
in the pool; 75 percent of the victims had been missing from sight for 5 minutes or less. 2
• Children are more likely to die from motor vehicle / bicycle crashes at non-intersection locations
(65%), during May through October (75%), and between 2 p.m. and 8 p.m. (63%). 3
• Children ages 4 and under are at the greatest risk to suffer a burn-related death, with a rate more
than two times that of children ages 5–14. 4
• As of January 1, 2004, a total of 141 children were killed by passenger air bags. It is estimated
that 92 percent of these deaths involved a child who was either unrestrained or improperly
restrained at the time of the crash, including 23 infants in rear-facing car seats in front of
passenger air bags. 5
1 Safe Kids USA. Available at http://www.usa.safekids.org/content_documents/Drowning_facts.pdf
2 Health and the American Child: Update 2001. Public Health Policy Advisor Board. Available: http://www.phpab.org/HealthandtheAmericanChild/
childrens percent20mortality percent20web percent20version1.htm
3 – 5 Safe Kids USA. Available at http://www.usa.safekids.org/content_documents/MVO_facts.pdf
The Delaware Children’s Fire Safety Foundation is a non-profit organization
formed to conduct, support, and sponsor educational activities intended to
eliminate fire-related deaths and injuries among the children of Delaware. The
Foundation believes that Delaware children must be taught the skills necessary
to protect themselves and others from the hazards of fire. Fire safety education
saves lives. Through the Foundation’s educational activities children can learn to save their
own lives and the lives of others during a fire.
In 1973, The National Fire Protection Association’s “Learn Not to Burn” educational series
was introduced to provide innovative learning tools for teaching important fire and burn
prevention behaviors using songs, games, and play activities. The Foundation offers a fun
and interactive Safe T. Bear website for children to learn such behaviors as Stop, Drop,
and Roll, Cool a Burn, and Crawl Low Under. Children can access such activities as coloring books, poster contests, ‘ask a question’, and a variety of information on topics ranging
from first aid, emergency escape, and match safety. This website for children is Available
at http://www.safetbear.com/index.html. The Delaware Children’s Fire Safety Foundation’s website can be accessed at: http://www.safetbear.com/foundation/index.html
For more information see
Tables 16 –27
p. 130 –135
Tables 32 –38
p. 137–140
Table 76
p. 161
www.kidshealth.org
www.cdc.gov/ncipc/duip/duip.htm
www.coderedrover.org/home.asp
Source: Delaware Children’s Fire Safety Foundation. Available at http://www.safetbear.com/foundation/index.html
KIDS COUNT in Delaware
39
Teen Deaths by Accident, Homicide, & Suicide
Accidents, homicides, and suicides accounted for 75 percent of all deaths of teenagers
ages 15 – 19 in the U.S. in 2001. Accidents,the leading cause, are at least three times more
likely to cause the death of a teenager than anything else. 1 Two out of five teenage deaths
result from motor vehicle crashes. 2 In the U.S., homicide is the second leading cause of
death of teenagers. Over 80 percent of all teenage homicides were the result of a firearmrelated injury. Gang violence has been increasingly associated with teenage homicides.
In 2002, nearly three-fourths of teenage homicides were attributable to gang violence.
Suicide is the third leading cause of death among teenagers ages 15 – 19. Risk factors for
teenage suicide range from mood disorders such as depression and bipolar disorders to
stressful life events and low interaction levels with parents. One study has found that over
90 percent of children and teens who committed suicide had some sort of mood disorder. 3
1 Kids Count 2004 Data Book, The Annie E. Casey Foundation. Available at http://www.aecf.org/kidscount/databook/pdfs_e/summary_e.pdf
2 National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Available at http://www.cdc.gov/ncipc/factsheets/
teenmvh.htm
3 Child Trends Databank. Available at http://www.childtrendsdatabank.org/indicators/70ViolentDeath.cfm
Teen Deaths by Accident, Homicide, and Suicide
Delaware Compared to U.S.
Violent Death Rate per 100,000 Teens, 15–19
80
U.S.
70
60
55.4
53.3*
50
Delaware
40
30
20
8690
8791
8892
8993
9094
9195
9296
9397
9498
Five-Year Periods
Sources: Delaware Health Statistics Center, National Center for Health Statistics
Deaths of Teens 15–19
Number in Delaware by Cause and Gender,
1999–2003
Unintentional Injuries:
77 Male, 35 Female
(Includes Motor Vehicle: 82)
Homicide:
18M, 0F
Suicide:
18 M, 5 F
All Other
Causes:
32
Total in 5-year Period: 181 Teens
142 Males, 39 Females
Source: Delaware Health Statistics Center
40
KIDS COUNT in Delaware
9599
9600
9701
9802
9903
* U.S. data not available for 1999–2003.
Deaths of Teens 15–19
Number in Delaware by Cause, 2003
Motor Vehicle Crashes
12 males
8 females
Suicide
3 males
3 females
Homicide
5 males
0 females
Other Unintentional
Injuries
2 males
2 females
All Other Causes
6 males
1 females
Total Number of Deaths:
42 teens
Source: Delaware Health Statistics Center
Impact of Graduated Driver’s License on 16-Year-Old Driver Crashes in Delaware
Delaware is one of thirty-seven states that have implemented a Graduated Driver’s Licensing
(GDL) program. The program was enacted on July 1, 1999 and Delaware has since experienced
a substantial decline in crashes involving teens ages 16 to 19.
The program involves all three levels recommended by the National Conference of State Legislatures, Energy and Transportation Program. Level 1 involves obtaining a learner’s permit and
requires supervised driving at all times for six months. Level 2 is reached six months after the
issuance of a Level 1 learner’s permit. Level 2 involves limited unsupervised driving and passenger
restrictions. After twelve months of driving experience with a learner’s permit, a Level 3 license,
full licensure with unrestricted privileges, can be obtained.
Definitions
Teen Deaths by Accident, Homicide,
and Suicide – number of deaths per
100,000 teenagers 15-19 years old
Unintentional Injuries – accidents,
including motor vehicle crashes
Crash Involvement
Delaware
Graduated Driver’s Licensing Implemented
Crash Involvement Rate per 1,000 Licensed Drivers
160
16 yr. olds
140
17: 118.3
17 yr. olds
120
18 yr. olds
100
19 yr. olds
18: 116.3
19: 91.1
80
16: 79.5
60
Delaware – All Ages
40
41.7
20
0
96
97
98
99
00
01
02
03
04
05
Fiscal Years
Drivers in Fatal Crashes
Number of Drivers Involved in Fatal Crashes
Number of Teen Drivers Licensed in Delaware Involved in Fatal Crashes
25
Graduated Driver’s Licensing Implemented
16–19: 22
22
20
15
18: 8
19: 6
16: 5
17: 3
Delaware – 16 –19 yr. olds
10
16 yr. olds
17 yr. olds 18 yr. olds
5
0
96
19 yr. olds
97
Source: Delaware State Police
98
99
00
01
02
03
04
05
Fiscal Years
Did you know?
Teenage boys are nearly twice as likely as teenage girls to be involved in a motor vehicle crash. In
2003, roughly 40 percent of all male drivers ages 15-20 who were involved in a fatal motor vehicle
crash were speeding at the time of the crash.
Source: National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Available at http://www.cdc.gov/ncipc/factsheets/teenmvh.htm
continued on next page
KIDS COUNT in Delaware
41
Teen Deaths by Accident, Homicide, & Suicide
Traffic Reports on Young Drivers
Selected Reports on Drivers under Age 21, Delaware
20
Percentage of Drivers under 21
Percentage of Crashes Involving
Under-21 Drivers
13.7%
15
10
7.1%
Percentage Licensed Drivers who Are
Under 21 of All Licensed Drivers
5
0
93
12.4%
Percentage of DUI Arrests
Involving Under-21 Drivers
94
95
96
97
98
99
00
01
02
03
04
Fiscal Years
Source: Delaware State Police
DUI Arrests of Teens Involved in Crashes
Delaware
Number of Driving under the Influence Arrests
of Teens Involved in Crashes
120
100
83
80
60
40
20
0
93
Delaware Teens
94
95
96
97
Source: Delaware
Delaware State
State Police
Police
Source:
98
99
00
01
02
03
04
Fiscal Years
Many teenagers feel isolated during the transitional period of adolescence. The
American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) reports that a study found 90 percent
of suicidal teenagers believed their families did not understand them. The AAP
offers some ways to talk to a teen if suspected of having suicidal thoughts:
• Ask your teenager about it. Don't be afraid to say the word "suicide." Getting the word
out in the open may help your teenager think someone has heard his cries for help.
• Reassure him that you love him. Remind him that no matter how awful his problems
seem, they can be worked out, and you are willing to help.
For more information see
Tables 32–38
p. 137–140
www.highwaysafety.org
www.talkingwithkids.org
• Ask her to talk about her feelings. Listen carefully. Do not dismiss her problems or get
angry with her.
• Remove all lethal weapons such as guns and secure any potentially harmful items such
as kitchen knives, pills, and ropes.
• Seek professional help. Ask your teenager's pediatrician to guide you. A variety of
outpatient and hospital-based treatment programs are available.
42
KIDS COUNT in Delaware
Sexually Transmitted Diseases STDs
Sexually Transmitted Disease (STD) remains a major public health challenge in the United
States. While substantial progress has been made in preventing, diagnosing and treating
certain STDs in recent years, the CDC estimates that 19 million new infections occur each
year, almost half of them among young people ages 15 to 24. Chlamydia remains the most
commonly reported infectious disease nationwide, but most cases go undiagnosed. Studies have found that chlamydia is more common among young women than young men,
and the long term consequences of untreated disease for women are much more severe.
Source: STD Program, Delaware Division of Public Health
Number of Cases of Gonorrhea
in Teens Ages 15–19
Teens with Gonorrhea
600
500
400
300
200
100
Delaware
Delaware
Delaware:
Black:
Black
White:
155
122
30
White
0
98
99
00
01
02
03
04
05
Teens with Chlamydia
Delaware
1,400
1,300
1,315
Delaware
Number of Cases of Chlamydia for Teens Ages 15–19
1,200
1,100
1,000
900
873
Black
800
700
600
500
400
369
White
300
200
100
0
98
99
00
01
02
03
04
05
Years
STDs by Age and Gender
Delaware, 2005
Number of Cases of Chlamydia and
Gonorrhea by Age
1,000
Chlamydia Female
Chlamydia Male
Gonorrhea Female
Gonorrhea Male
900
800
700
600
500
400
300
200
For more information see
Chlamydia Cases 2005:
Females 15 –19: 1,064
Males 15 –19:
25
Table 39
Gonorrhea Cases 2005:
Females 15 –19: 209
Males 15 –19:
74
www.agi-usa.org/sections/sti.php
www.plannedparenthood.org
100
0
10–14
p. 141
www.thebody.com
www.cdc.gov/hiv/pubs/facts.htm
15–19
20–24
25–29
Source: STD Program, Delaware Division of Public Health
30–34
35–39
Ages in Years
40–44
45–54
55–64
65 Up
KIDS COUNT in Delaware
43
Alcohol, Tobacco, & Other Drugs
Data from 2001 to 2004 indicates a 17 percent cumulative decline in illicit drug use by
teenagers in the U.S. 1 In Delaware, 23 percent of 11th graders reported regularly smoking
marijuana in December 2004, an all-time low since 1994. 2 However, use of painkillers
and inhalants has increased among teens over the past few years. 3 Cigarette smoking
continues to be a problem. Everyday, nearly 4,400 young people between the ages of
12–17 start smoking in the U.S. An estimated 2,000 of these young people will become
daily smokers. Teens who smoke are three times more likely to use alcohol, eight times
more likely to smoke marijuana, and 22 times more likely to use cocaine. 4 Alcohol is still
the most common illicit substance that teens abuse; 80 percent of high school seniors
report they have had at least one drink, and 95 percent of high school seniors say that alcohol is easy to obtain. 5 How can teenage substance abuse be combatted? Research shows
that parental influence is a primary reason that youth do not use drugs. Most teens who
do not use alcohol, tobacco, or illegal drugs credit their parents as a major factor in that
decision. 6 Suggested tips for parents include: establish open communication, show that
you care, offer acceptance, understand your teen’s point of view, and be a good example.
1 The National Institute on Drug Abuse. Available at http://www.drugabuse.gov/Newsroom/04/NR12-21.html
2 Alcohol, Tobacco, and Other Drug Use Among Delaware Students, 2004. Available at www.state.de.us/drugfree/2004rpt/atda2004.pdf
3 The National Institute on Drug Abuse. Available at http://www.drugabuse.gov/Newsroom/04/NR12-21.html
4 The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Available at http://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/research_data/youth/Youth_Factsheet.htm
5 National Youth Violence Prevention Resource Center. Available at http://www.safeyouth.org/scripts/teens/alcohol.asp
6 U.S. Dept. of Health and Human Services and SAMAHSA’s National Clearinghouse for Alcohol and Drug Information. Available at http://www.health.
org/govpubs/PHD711/lovechild.aspx
Substance Abuse
Percentage of 8th Graders Reporting Substance
Abuse Almost Everyday in the Past Month
Delaware, 2005
8th graders who talk with parents
about school almost every day
8th graders who argue and fight
with parents almost every day
40
42%
30
20
21%
17%
23%
14%
10
0
6%
Cigarette Alcohol
Use
Use
22%
7%
8%
4%
Binge Marijuana Other
Illegal
Use
Drinking
Drugs
Cigarette Alcohol
Use
Use
Binge Marijuana Other
Illegal
Use
Drinking
Drugs
Source: Delaware School Survey 2005, 7,815 responses. Center for Drug and Alcohol Studies, University of Delaware
Did you know?
• Eighteen percent of parents think their child has tried marijuana versus 40 percent of teens who
say they have actually tried marijuana. 1
• Teenage smokers suffer from shortness of breath almost three times as often as teens that do not
smoke and produce phlegm more than twice as often. On average, someone who smokes a pack
a day or more lives seven years less than someone who never smokes. 2
• In 2003, 29 percent of students in grades 9-12 reported someone offered, sold, or gave them
drugs on school property. 3
• People who begin drinking before the age of 15 are four times more likely to have an alcohol
dependency as adults than those who wait to drink until they are 21. 4
1 U.S. Dept. of Health and Human Services and SAMAHSA’s National Clearinghouse for Alcohol and Drug Information. Available at http://www.health.
org/govpubs/PHD711/lovechild.aspx
2 The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Available at http://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/research_data/youth/Youth_Factsheet.htm
3 Bureau of Justice Statistics, Drugs, and Crime Facts, Dept. of Justice. Available at http://www.ojp.usdoj.gov/bjs/dcf/du.htm
4 National Youth Violence Prevention Resource Center. Available at http://www.safeyouth.org/scripts/teens/alcohol.asp
44
KIDS COUNT in Delaware
Percentage of 5th Graders Who Report
Use of Once per Month or More
Trends in Cigarette, Alcohol, and Marijuana Use
Delaware 5th Graders
15
Alcohol:
Cigarettes:
10
Alcohol
Marijuana:
Cigarettes
5
Definition
Self-Reported Regular Use – reports
of about once a month or more often
2%
1%
0.4%
Marijuana
0
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
Survey Years
99
00
01
02
03
04
05
Trends in Cigarette, Alcohol, and Marijuana Use
Delaware 8th Graders
Percentage of 8th Graders
Who Report Use of Once per Month or More
35
Alcohol
30
23%
25
Cigarettes
20
12%
15
10
Marijuana
10%
5
0
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
Survey Years
99
00
01
02
03
04
05
Trends in Cigarette, Alcohol, and Marijuana Use
Delaware 11th Graders
50
45
Alcohol
40%
Percentage of 11th Graders
Who Report Use of Once per Month or More
40
35
30
25
Cigarettes
23%
16%
20
15
Marijuana
For more information see
Table 40 –41
10
p. 142
www.tobaccofreekids.org
www.state.de.us/drugfree
5
0
89
www.childtrendsdatabank.org/
drugs.cfm
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
Survey Years
99
00
01
02
03
04
05
www.al-anon-alateen.org
www.udetc.org
Source: Delaware School Survey 2005, 5th graders: 7,992 responses. 8th graders: 7,815 responses. 11th graders:
5,231 responses. Center for Drug and Alcohol Studies, University of Delaware
KIDS COUNT in Delaware
45
Delaware Children Speak about
Health and Health Behaviors
Each year since 1995, the Center for Drug and Alcohol Studies at the University of
Delaware has administered a survey for public school students about alcohol, tobacco, and drug use. This study is supported by the Office of Prevention with the
cooperation of the Department of Education and the Delaware Drug Free School Coordinators. It has become a valuable tool in assessing trends of drug use among Delaware students. Since 1998, the survey has included new questions on school behavior,
health habits, and parental interaction. The Center for Drug and Alcohol Studies has
provided KIDS COUNT with a wealth of information detailing these issues which are
included in each section as Delaware Children Speak. Although these are survey questions of a limited number of Delaware youth, it is useful to examine their comments
in light of the increased interest in safety, parental involvement, educational needs,
and healthy lifestyles.
Source: Alcohol, Tobacco, Other Drug Abuse among Delaware Students: Final Report to the State Incentive Cooperative Agreement Advisory
Committee and the First State Prevention Coalition. September 2002. The Center for Drug and Alcohol Studies, University of Delaware.
Strenuous
Physical Activity
How many days in the past week
have you exercised or participated in
physical activity for at least 20 minutes
that made you sweat and breathe hard,
such as basketball, soccer, running,
swimming laps, fast bicycling, fast
dancing or similar aerobic activity?
Non-Strenuous
Physical Activity
How many days in the past week
have you participated in physical activity
for at least 30 minutes that did
NOT make you sweat or breathe hard,
such as fast walking, slow bicycling,
skating, pushing a lawn mower,
or mopping floors?
Delaware, 2005
Delaware, 2005
9–12th Graders
9–12th Graders
7 days
19.5%
6: 4.0%
0 days
6 days
7.8%
8.8%
5 days
4 days
3 days
11.7%
10.3%
8.5% 12.6%
30
10
0
24.3
13.8
15 or
younger
16 or 17
18 or
older
Source: 2,717 responses. CDC Youth Risk Behavior
Survey 2005, Center for Drug and Alcohol
Studies, University of Delaware
46
KIDS COUNT in Delaware
1 day
12.0%
Students reporting 0 days activity
by age
Percentage of High School Students
Percentage of High School Students
40
21.6
2 days
13.3%
Students reporting 0 days activity
by age
20
35.0%
4: 6.1%
2 days
3 days
0 days
5: 6.7%
1 day
12.7%
7 days
12.6%
18.4%
40
30
33.8
35.8
35.7
16 or 17
18 or
older
20
10
0
15 or
younger
Source: 2,717 responses. CDC Youth Risk Behavior
Survey 2005, Center for Drug and Alcohol
Studies, University of Delaware
Individual Physique: Perception vs. Actuality
Delaware, 2005
Teens who describe themselves as slightly/very overweight compared to
teens who are overweight or at risk of becoming overweight*
Percentage of 9th–12th Grade Students
40
30
36.1%
16.4%
31.4%
16.7%
26.7%
17.0%
20
17.1%
13.5%
10
9.6%
0
All
All
Male
Describe self as overweight
Male
Female
Overweight*
Female
At risk of becoming overweight*
* Calculated body mass index from reported height and weight
Source: 2,717 responses. CDC Youth Risk Behavior Survey 2005, Center for Drug and Alcohol Studies, University of Delaware
Concern about Weight
Weight Control
Which of the following are you trying
to do about your weight?
Step taken in the last 30 days to lose
weight or keep from gaining weight
Delaware, 2005
Delaware, 2005
9–12th Grade Males
Gain weight
Lose weight
Exercised
All:
60.9%
Males:
57.5%
Females: 64.8%
26.3%
30.5%
Ate less food, fewer calories or low-fat food
Stay same weight
22.6%
Not trying
anything
20.7%
9–12th Grade Females
Gain
weight
8.2%
Lose weight
58.8%
Not
trying
anything
12.4%
Stay same weight
20.5%
All:
39.7%
Males:
27.6%
Females: 50.8%
Went without eating for 24 hours or more
All:
11.3%
Males:
7.0 %
Females: 15.7%
Took diet pills, powders, or liquids
without doctor’s advice
All:
Males:
Females:
4.2%
2.9%
5.3%
Vomited or took laxatives
Source for all graphs on this page:
Responses from 2717 9th–12th grade students.
CDC Youth Risk Behavior Survey 2005, Center for Drug
and Alcohol Studies, University of Delaware
All:
3.6%
Males:
2.3%
Females:
For more information see
www.state.de.us/drugfree/data.htm
5.0%
KIDS COUNT in Delaware
47
Delaware Children Speak about
Health and Health Behaviors
Maintaining a healthy lifestyle is becoming more of an important issue for young people.
Getting regular physical activity and abstaining from substance use will help children
live long and healthy lives. Children and teens need about 60 minutes of exercise a day to
maintain good health. Regular exercise throughout the school years can help prevent the
development of sedentary behavior habits during adulthood. Physical activity offers healthrelated benefits including improved cardio-respiratory function, blood pressure control,
cognitive and emotional benefits, and weight management. An estimated 16 percent of
children ages 6 –19 were overweight from 1999-2002, tripling in percentage since 1980. 1
Abstaining from substance use is also an important indicator of child health. Research has
shown that there are many negative social, academic, and health related outcomes associated with substance use. Substance use in teens is associated with psychiatric problems
such as depression and anxiety, delinquent behavior, poor academic success, health-related issues, and engaging in other risky behavior such as early sexual activity. 2
1 The President’s Council of Physical Fitness and Sports. Available at http://www.fitness.gov/resources_factsheet.htm
2 Child Trends Databank. Available at http://www.childtrendsdatabank.org/indicators/80SubstanceFreeYouth.cfm
Lifestyle Choices
Delaware High School Students, 2005
0
92%
Sometimes, most the time, or always wore
73%
Did not
ride with a driver who had been drinking alcohol during
83%
Did not
carry a weapon in the past 30 days
93%
Did not
attempt suicide during the past 12 months
79%
Did not
smoke cigarettes during the past 30 days
57%
Did not
drink alcohol during the past 30 days
77%
Did not
use marijuana during the past 30 days
45%
Never had sexual intercourse
61%
Not sexually active during
61%
Participated in
16%
Ate 5 or more servings of fruits and vegetables per day during the past 7 days
10
20
a seatbelt when riding in a car driven by someone else
the last 3 months
vigorous physical activity
30
the past 30 days
40
50
for at least 20 min., 3 or more days in the past 7 days
60
70
80
90
100
Percentage of Students
Source: CDC Youth Risk Behavior Survey 2005, Center for Drug and Alcohol Studies, University of Delaware
Note:
The Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS) was administered to 2,717 students in 32 public high schools in
Delaware during the spring of 2005. The results are representative of all students in grades 9–12. The sample
was comprised of the following students: Female: 49%, Male: 51%; 9th grade: 32%, 10th grade: 26%,
11th grade: 22%, 12th grade: 21%; African American: 30%, Hispanic/Latino: 7%, White: 61%,
All other races: 1%, Multiple races: 1%. Students completed a self-administered, anonymous questionnaire.
Did you know?
• From 1976 to 2003, the percentage of 12th graders who report being substance-free in the last
30 days has increased from 26% to 46%. In 2003, 65% of Black* teens report being substancefree in the last 30 days compared to only 41% of White* teens.
• Seventy-eight percent of eighth-graders with plans to attend college report being substance free,
compared to only 54 percent without such plans.
* Black refers here to non-Hispanic Black and White to non-Hispanic White.
Source: Child Trends Databank. Available at http://www.childtrendsdatabank.org/indicators/80SubstanceFreeYouth.cfm
48
KIDS COUNT in Delaware
Declining Cigarette Use
Delaware 8th and 11th Graders
Percentage of Repondents Reporting Regular Use
(Regular Use – about once a month or more often)
35
11th Graders
30
25
8th Graders
20
16
15
10
10
5
0
97
98
99
00
01
Years
02
03
04
05
Source: Delaware School Survey 1997–2005, Center for Drug and Alcohol Studies, University of Delaware
Parents Influence Teen Smoking
Delaware, 2005
0
Mother/stepmother
smokes
Parents do things
with teen
Most of the time 7%
Often 12%
Some of the Time 23%
Not Often 30%
5
Never 37%
10
4 or more hours 5%
15
2 –4 hours 8%
20
1–2 hours 9%
25
Less than 1 hour 11%
30
None 17%
35
Mother smokes 18%
40
Mother does not smoke 8%
Percentage of 8th Grade Students who
Report Smoking in the Past Month
8th Graders who Smoke Cigarettes
45
Parents know where teen
is when not in school
0
Mother/stepmother
smokes
Parents do things
with teen
Most of the time 11%
Often 16%
Some of the Time 28%
Not Often 45%
5
Never 25%
10
4 or more hours 11%
15
2–4 hours 12%
20
1–2 hours 15%
25
Less than 1 hour 16%
30
None 21%
35
Mother smokes 24%
40
Mother does not smoke 14%
Percentage of 11th Grade Students who
Report Smoking in the Past Month
11th Graders who Smoke Cigarettes
45
Parents know where teen
is when not in school
For more information see
Tables 40–41
p. 142
www.state.de.us/drugfree/data.htm
http://childnutrition.doe.state.de.us/
Source: 8th graders: 7,815 responses. 11th graders: 5,231 responses.
Delaware School Survey 2005, Center for Drug and Alcohol Studies, University of Delaware
KIDS COUNT in Delaware
49
Delaware Children Speak about
Health and Health Behaviors
Sexual Activity
How old were you when you had sexual intercourse for the first time?
Delaware, 2005
10th Graders
9th Graders
16 yrs.
0.5%
16 yrs.
15 yrs.
4.5%
14 yrs.
17 or older
3.8%
12.8%
12.9%
13 yrs.
14 yrs.
Never
10.7%
Never
13.6%
56.0%
12 yrs.
7.4%
0.8%
15 yrs.
49.8%
13 yrs.
11 or
younger
11.5%
8.0%
11 or
younger
12 yrs.
4.1%
3.5%
11th Graders
12th Graders
17 or older
3.1%
11 or
younger
17 or
older
16 yrs.
14.0%
16 yrs.
Never
16.2%
3.1%
Never
30.9%
17.3%
37.9%
15 yrs.
11.3%
15 yrs.
13.7%
14 yrs.
11.8%
13 yrs. 12 yrs.
7.5% 5.6%
14 yrs.
12.0%
11 or
younger
4.1%
13 yrs.
6.7%
12 yrs.
4.9%
During your life, with how many people have you had sexual intercourse?
Delaware, 2005
10th Graders
9th Graders
1.4%
4: 3.1%
5:
5: 3.9%
6 or
more
3: 7.0%
2 people
7.8%
Never had sex
57.9%
1 person
6 or
more
4: 5.5%
6.2%
16.6%
7.1%
3: 6.1%
Never had sex
2 people
50.2%
9.0%
1 person
18.2%
11th Graders
4: 3.6%
12th Graders
6 or more
5:
5.0%
6 or more
13.2%
17.1%
Never had sex
3: 9.6%
2 people
13.1%
38.3%
1 person
17.3%
5: 6.2%
Never had sex
31.1%
4: 7.2%
3: 7.8%
2 people
11.9%
1 person
18.6%
Note: All students did not answer every question, causing percentages to vary.
Source: 2,717 responses. CDC Youth Risk Behavior Survey 2005, Center for Drug and Alcohol Studies, University of Delaware
50
KIDS COUNT in Delaware
Sexual Activity
During the past 3 months, with how many people did you have sexual intercourse?
Delaware, 2005
10th Graders
9th Graders
4 people: 0.3%
3 people: 0.4%
4 people: 0.1%
3 people: 2.3%
5 people: 0.6%
6+ people: 1.2%
2:
5 people: 0.4%
6+ people: 0.7%
2:
5.3%
5.5%
1 person
1 person
19.2%
23.9%
Never had sex
Never had sex
49.6%
56.6%
None during
past 3 months
None during
past 3 months
16.4%
17.4%
11th Graders
4 people: 0.7%
3 people: 2.8%
12th Graders
5 people: 0.3%
6+ people: 2.4%
4 people: 1.4%
3 people: 4.5%
2:
5 people: 0.7%
6+ people: 1.3%
2:
7.3%
9.8%
Never had sex
Never had sex
31.2%
38.2%
1 person
33.7%
1 person
None
during past
3 months
38.3%
14.5%
None during
past 3 months
12.9%
The last time you had sexual intercourse,
what one method did you or your partner use to prevent pregnancy?
Delaware, 2005
10th Graders
9th Graders
Not sure: 1.5%
Other: 0.7%
Withdrawal:
2.1%
No
method
5.1%
Condoms
Never had sex
29.6%
57.2%
Never had sex
Condoms
50.1%
32.0%
Birth Control Pills
11th Graders
No
method
5.4%
Other: 0.9%
Withdrawal:
6.1%
Not sure: 1.7%
No
method
8.4%
38.3%
36.7%
Never had sex
31.4%
Never had sex
Condoms
Depo-Provera: 2.0%
12th Graders
Not sure: 0.9%
5.4%
Not sure: 0.9%
4.2%
5.1%
BC pills: 2.8%
Depo-Provera: 1.0%
Other: 0.7%
Withdrawal:
No
method
Other: 1.4%
Withdrawal:
4.3%
Condoms
33.3%
BC
pills
11.0%
DepoProvera: 1.7%
Birth
control pills
13.9%
DepoProvera: 4.1%
Note: All students did not answer every question, causing percentages to vary.
Source: 2,717 responses. CDC Youth Risk Behavior Survey 2005, Center for Drug and Alcohol Studies, University of Delaware
KIDS COUNT in Delaware
51
Delaware Children Speak about
Health and Health Behaviors
Sexual Activity
How many times have you been pregnant or gotten someone pregnant?
Delaware, 2005
10th Graders
9th Graders
1 time: 3.5%
2 or more
times:
1.5%
Not sure:
1.0%
1 time: 3.8%
2 or more
times:
0.9%
0 times
0 times
94.0%
94.5%
11th Graders
2 or more
times:
2.7%
Not sure:
0.8%
12th Graders
Not sure:
0.5%
1 time:
6.0%
2 or more
times:
3.3%
Not sure:
1.2%
1 time:
8.2%
0 times
0 times
87.3%
90.8%
The last time you had sexual intercourse, did you or your partner use a condom?
Delaware, 2005
10th Graders
9th Graders
No
No
10.2%
Yes
13.7%
Never had sex
Never had sex
33.6%
56.2%
36.0%
11th Graders
No
18.7%
Yes
For more information see
Table 39
12th Graders
No
Never had sex
38.0%
43.3%
50.3%
Yes
Never had sex
27.5%
31.2%
Yes
41.3%
141
www.state.de.us/drugfree/data.htm
Note: All students did not answer every question, causing percentages to vary.
Source: 2,717 responses. CDC Youth Risk Behavior Survey 2005, Center for Drug and Alcohol Studies, University of Delaware
52
KIDS COUNT in Delaware
EDUCATIONAL INVOLVEMENT
& ACHIEVEMENT
Early Intervention ................................ 54
Head Start / ECAP ................................. 55
Student Achievement ............................ 56
Advanced Placement ............................ 60
Children Receiving Free and
Reduced-Price School Meals ............. 62
High School Dropouts ........................... 63
Teens Not in School and Not Working ... 66
Delaware Children Speak
about Education .............................. 68
KIDS COUNT in Delaware
53
Early Intervention
Early intervention programs seek to influence development and learning for children who
have developmental disabilities or who are at-risk due to biological or environmental
factors. Early intervention programs also seek to have a positive impact on parents and
siblings, and to establish long-term benefits for society. Fifty years of research indicates
that early intervention programs are accomplishing their goals. Results show that children
who receive early intervention need fewer special education services later in life and get
held back in school less often. Additionally, early intervention can result in improvement
of parental attitudes about themselves and their child.
Source: U.S. Department of Education. Available at http://www.ed.gov/programs/earlyintervention/index.html
Child Development Watch
Delaware
Total Children Served per Year
3,000
2,750
2,500
2,000
1,500
Delaware
1,000
500
0
95
96
97
98
99
00
01
02
03
04
05
Fiscal Years
Source: Delaware Birth to Three Early Intervention System, Delaware Department of Health and Social Services (DHSS)
Child Development Watch is a statewide early intervention program offered by Delaware Health
and Social Services (DHSS) for children ages birth to three. The program’s mission is to enhance
development of infants and toddlers with disabilities or developmental delays and to enhance the
capacity of families to meet the needs of young children. Examples of services provided include:
family counseling, nutrition plans, psychological services, and special instruction related to skill
development. More than 1,000 children have received early intervention services through Child
Development Watch. For more information, visit the DHSS webpage at http://www.dhss.delaware.gov.
Early Intervention
Delaware
Percent of Children Aged 0–3
in the Early Intervention System
4.5
4.0
3.5
4.4
Delaware
3.0
2.5
2.0
1.5
1.0
0.5
0
96
97
98
99
00
01
02
03
04
05
Fiscal Years
Source: Delaware Department of Health and Social Services (DHSS)
For more information see
www.state.de.us/dhss/dms/epqc/
birth3/directry.html
www.kidsource.com/kidsource/pages/
ed.early.html
54
KIDS COUNT in Delaware
K-3 Early Intervention Program is a collaborative effort between the Delaware Department of
Services for Children, Youth, and their Families (DSCYF), Division of Family Services, and the
Delaware Department of Education (DOE), and participating public school districts. To be eligible
a child must attend kindergarten through third grade in one of the participating schools and must
be recommended by school personnel. K-3 Early Intervention Program services include: counseling services, social skill workshops, and conflict resolution. For information about the K-3 Early
Intervention Program, contact Joyce D. Hawkins, program support manager, at 302-892-5817.
Head Start/ECAP
Head Start is a comprehensive preschool program for low-income three-and-four yearolds. Head Start offers services to ensure that children gain the necessary skills to be
successful later in school, both socially and academically. Head Start also offers health,
nutrition, and family support services.
Head Start was established in 1964 when the federal government asked a panel of child
development experts to draw up a program to help communities overcome the special
needs of economically disadvantaged preschool children. As part of the Economic Opportunity Act of 1964, Head Start emerged from the Community Action Programs. Early Head
Start targets children under three and pregnant women. Early Head Start was established
in 1994.
Definition:
ECAP – The Early Childhood Assistance
Program (ECAP) is a comprehensive
early childhood development program
for four year olds whose families are
below 100% of poverty. Linking with the
federally funded Head Start programs
throughout the state, these Department
of Education programs provide a fullrange of preschool, health, developmental, and other family support services.
Head Start/Early Childhood Assistance Program
Delaware
2,000
1,750
1,332
4-Year-Old Children Served
1,500
1,250
Delaware
Total
1,000
843
Head Start
750
500
ECAP
489
250
0
9495
9596
9697
9798
9899
9900
Fiscal Years
0001
0102
0203
0304
0405
Source: Delaware Department of Education
Did you know?
• Reliable studies found long-term effects of Head Start include reducing grade repetition,
reducing the need for special education classes and increasing the high school graduation
rates for children.
• A recent longitudinal study reported that for every $1 invested in Head Start children, the
community sees a benefit of almost $9. These benefits are seen in the areas of earnings,
employment, family stability, decreased welfare dependency, crime cost, grade repetition,
and special education classes.
• Head Start children are significantly more likely to graduate from high school and go on to
college and significantly less likely to have been charged with a crime than their siblings who
did not attend Head Start.
• The federal government Management Council reports that, of all government agencies and
private companies, Head Start received the highest customer satisfaction score in the American
Customer Satisfaction Index.
• Higher proportions of Head Start parents read to their children frequently than those whose
children are not enrolled in Head Start.
• Three-and-four year-olds are significantly more likely to be in excellent or very good health
and receive necessary dental care if they attend Head Start.
For more information see
Tables 80 – 84
p. 162–163
Source: National Head Start Association. Available at http://www.nhsa.org
KIDS COUNT in Delaware
55
Student Achievement
The education of our nation’s youth has a great impact on their individual development
and their chance of success later in life. A person’s breadth of knowledge and ability
to think, learn, and communicate are directly related to future success in the labor
market. 1 A person’s education has been noted as an accurate reflection of national
economic and social progress. On average, higher achievement test scores implies that
a person will make more money in their future job, and will be unemployed less often
than people who had lower scores. 2 Math and reading achievement tests are measures
of personal skill, Reading is a fundamental skill that affects school performance. Good
reading skills are linked to higher high school graduation and college attendance rates.
Additionally, children who take higher level math classes have been shown to be more
likely to attend college and graduate from college. 3
1 Childstats.gov. Available at http://www.childstats.gov
2 Childstats.gov. Available at http://www.childstats.gov
3 Child Trends Databank. Available at http://www.childtrendsdatabank.org
Reading Proficiency
Delaware Student Testing Program
90
Percentage Meeting the Standard
80
Grade 3:
Grade 5:
Grade 8:
Grade 10:
Grade 8
60
50
Grade 5
Grade 3
70
Grade 10
84.6
85.4
79.1
70.8
40
30
20
98
99
00
01
02
03
04
05
Source: Delaware Department of Education
Did you know?
• In 2005, in the U.S., 64 percent of 4th
graders were at or above the reading basic
achievement level, demonstrating a 5 percent
increase since 2000. In 2005, 8th graders
made similar gains in reading achievement;
73 percent of 8th graders were at or above
the reading basic achievement level, which is
a 3 percent increase from a decade earlier.
• Girls had higher reading scores than boys
in 4th and 8th grade in 2003. Likewise, 12th
grade girls had higher reading scores in
2002. However, boys outscored girls in math
proficiency in 4th and 8th grade in 2003.
Source: The Nation’s Report Card, National Assessment of Educational
Progress. Available at http://nces.ed.gov/nationsreportcard/
56
KIDS COUNT in Delaware
What can parents do to
improve children’s education?
Tips from the U.S. Department
of Education:
• Read with your children.
• Establish a daily family routine with
scheduled homework time.
• Talk to your children and teenagers—
and listen to them!
• Express high expectations for your
children.
• Expect and encourage your children to
take challenging courses in school such
as a second language or chemistry.
• Keep in touch with your child’s school.
• Use community resources.
Math Proficiency
Definition:
Delaware Student Testing Program
DSTP – The Delaware Student Testing
Program (DSTP), designed by Delaware
educators, measures how well students
are progressing toward the state content
standards. The program is one part
of a much larger and richer effort by
the educational community to ensure a
high quality education for all students in
Delaware. The DSTP assists Delaware
educators in determining students’
strengths and weaknesses to help
identify academic issues.
80
Percentage Meeting the Standard
79
Grade 3:
Grade 5:
Grade 8:
Grade 10:
Grade 3
60
50
Grade 5
40
Grade 8
30
Grade 10
20
98
99
00
01
02
03
79.2
77.4
53.3
52.7
04
05
Source: Delaware Department of Education
Limited English Proficiency*
5.0
4.0
4.5
4.0
4,651
3.5
3.0
2.5
2.0
1.5
Delaware
1.0
0.5
0
9899
9900
0001
010202
03
School Years
0304
0405
Percentage of Total Enrollment
Number of Children Served in Thousands
Number* and Percent of Limited English Proficiency Students in Delaware
3.5
3.9
3.0
2.5
2.0
1.5
1.0
Delaware
0.5
0
9899
9900
0001
010202
03
School Years
0304
0405
* Limited English Proficiency Student – an individual who was not born in the U.S. or whose native language is a language
other than English; or is a Native American or Alaskan Native and comes from an environment where a language other
than English has had a significant impact on such individual’s level of English language proficiency; or an individual who
has sufficient difficulty speaking, reading, writing, or understanding the English language and whose difficulties may deny
such individual the opportunity to learn successfully in classrooms where the language of instruction is English.
** Number Served is the count of students enrolled on April 1. The total number of children served per year is higher.
Source: Delaware Department of Education
•
•
•
•
The Delaware Department of Education offers helpful homework tips for parents:
• Create a quiet study corner where your child can do homework.
• Save a space on a shelf, or on another piece of furniture, where your child
can leave his or her books and notebooks.
Avoid receiving or making phone calls during homework.
Let your child teach you the lesson
Keep in touch with the teacher about questions and anxieties your child may experience
to help him or her complete difficult assignments.
Encourage your child to read beyond the daily assignments. Visit the library and limit
the time spent watching TV.
KIDS COUNT in Delaware
57
Student Achievement
DSTP Proficiency Levels –
Delaware Student
Testing Program
Category / Description
Distinguished:
Excellent performance
4
Exceeds the standard:
Very good performance
3
Meets the standard:
Good performance
2
Below the standard:
Needs improvement
1
Well below the standard:
Needs lots of improvement
100
90
90
Percentage of Delaware Third Graders Meeting the Standard in Math
Level
5
100
Percentage of Delaware Third Graders Meeting the Standard in Reading
Students receive scores categorized
as follows:
Grade 3 Meeting the DSTP Standard
Reading
Math
White
80
70
All
60
Black:
Hispanic:
White:
All:
Black
50
40
74.1
78.9
90.8
84.6
Hispanic
30
20
80
White
70
All
60
50
Hispanic
Black:
Hispanic:
White:
All:
40
30
65.8
71.9
87.6
79.2
Black
20
10
10
0
98
99
00
01
02
03
04
0
98
05
99
Source: Delaware Department of Education
00
01
02
03
04
05
Note: All includes Native American and Asian.
Grade 5 Meeting the DSTP Standard
Reading
Math
90
90
80
Percentage of Delaware Fifth Graders Meeting the Standard in Math
100
Percentage of Delaware Fifth Graders Meeting the Standard in Reading
100
White
70
All
60
50
Black:
Hispanic:
White:
All:
Hispanic
75.3
79.8
91.4
85.4
40
Black
30
20
10
0
98
KIDS COUNT in Delaware
70
60
White
All
50
Hispanic
Black:
Hispanic:
White:
All:
40
62.4
72.3
86.2
77.4
30
Black
20
10
99
00
01
02
03
Source: Delaware Department of Education
58
80
04
05
0
98
99
00
01
02
03
04
05
Note: All includes Native American and Asian.
DSTP Accountability
Grade 8 Meeting the DSTP Standard
Reading
Math
90
90
Percentage of Delaware Eighth Graders Meeting the Standard in Math
100
Percentage of Delaware Eighth Graders Meeting the Standard in Reading
100
80
White
70
All
60
50
Black:
Hispanic:
White:
All:
Black
40
Hispanic
67.8
67.2
86.9
79.1
30
20
10
Level 2 –
Students Below the Standard
80
• Promoted with an Individual Improvement Plan (IIP)
70
• IIP must be agreed to by the parents
of the student
• IIP may include summer school
and/or extra instruction during the
school year
continued below
60
50
40
White
All
30
20
10
0
98
99
00
01
02
03
04
Black:
Hispanic:
White:
All:
Hispanic
Black
0
98
05
Student accountability began with the
2002 DSTP. Students in grades 3 and
5 are promoted if their DSTP reading is
at level 3 or above. Students in grade 8
are promoted if their DSTP reading and
math are at level 3 or above.
99
Source: Delaware Department of Education
00
01
02
03
32.7
40.4
66.6
53.3
04
05
Note: All includes Native American and Asian.
Grade 10 Meeting the DSTP Standard
Reading
Math
90
90
Percentage of Delaware Tenth Graders Meeting the Standard in Math
100
Percentage of Delaware Tenth Graders Meeting the Standard in Reading
100
80
70
White
60
All
50
40
Hispanic
30
Black
Black:
Hispanic:
White:
All:
51.9
55.0
80.1
70.8
20
10
0
98
80
• Must attend summer school
60
00
01
02
03
Source: Delaware Department of Education
04
05
• Must retake DSTP at the end of summer school
• School must have an IIP in place for a
student at the end of summer
50
40
• If the student is still below the
standard, the student will only be
promoted after an Academic Review
Committee determines that the
student has demonstrated proficiency
relative to the standards using additional indicators of performance.
White
All
30
20
10
99
Level 1 –
Students Well Below the Standard
70
0
98
Hispanic
Black:
Hispanic:
White:
All:
Black
29.7
40.2
63.0
52.7
For more information see
Table 44
p. 144
www.doe.k12.de.us
99
00
01
02
03
04
05
Note: All includes Native American and Asian.
KIDS COUNT in Delaware
59
Advanced Placement
The Advanced Placement Program, which is about to celebrate its 50th anniversary, exposes high school students to college-level courses and exams. The Advanced Placement
Program is administered by the College Board, a not-for-profit membership association.
Delaware high schools currently offer 34 advanced placement courses and exams across
nineteen different subject areas. Educators recommend high school student participation
in Advanced Placement (AP) courses because students who enroll in Advanced Placement
classes can gain an edge in college preparation over students who did not participate in AP
courses and because AP courses stand out to college admissions on a transcript. Research
indicates that there is a strong correlation between AP success and college success. 1
Advanced Placement courses provide a student with a taste of college while they remain in
the secure environment of their high school. Delaware has made significant improvements
in the Advanced Placement Program. In 2004, 11.1 percent of all Delaware high school
students demonstrated mastery of an AP course. This is a 3.5 percentage point increase
since 2000 when 7.6 percent of Delaware high school students showed mastery of an AP
course by scoring a 3 or higher on their respective AP exams. Additionally, the numbers of
Delaware High School students participating in the Advanced Placement Exams increased
16.1 percent from 2000 to 2004, nearly double the national rate. 2
1 The College Board. Available at http://www.collegeboard.com/student/testing/ap/about.html
2 Advanced Placement Report to the Nation, 2005. The College Board. Available at http://www.collegeboard.com/prod_downloads/about/news_info/
ap/2005/ap-report-nation.pdf
Advanced Placement
Students
Advanced Placement
Participation
Number of Advanced Placement Students per 100 Students
in Grades 9-12 in High Schools Offering AP Courses
9
Number of Advanced Placement Public High School
Students Taking at Least One AP Course in Thousands
Delaware
10
9.9
8
7
6
Delaware
5
4
3
2
1
0
00–
01
01–
02–
02
03
School Year
03–
04
Source: Delaware Department of Education
Delaware
3.0
2,779
2.5
2.0
Delaware
1.5
1.0
0.5
0
00–
01
01–
02–
02
03
School Year
03–
04
Source: Delaware Department of Education
Advanced Placement Participation Rate by Race
00/01
Delaware
01/02
02/03
03/04
% change
00/01–03/04
6.6
7.5
7.9
9.9
+50%
All Races
Asian/Pacific Islander
22.0
24.7
23.5
27.5
+25%
Black
2.0
2.0
2.3
3.6
+80%
Hispanic
2.4
2.6
2.6
3.3
+38%
White
8.3
9.6
10.1
12.6
+52%
* The AP Participation Rate is the number of AP students per 100 students enrolled in grades 9–12 in high schools
offering AP classes.
Source: Delaware Department of Education
60
KIDS COUNT in Delaware
Advanced Placement Tests
Delaware
5,000
4,916
Number of Advanced Placement Tests
in Delaware Public Schools
4,500
4,000
3,500
2,769
3,000
2,500
2,000
Delaware
AP Tests Taken
1,500
1,000
500
Delaware AP Tests Takers
0
97
98
99
00
01
Years
02
03
04
05
Source: Delaware Department of Education
Advanced Placement Tests Passed
Delaware Compared to U.S.
Percentage of Advanced Placement Tests Passed
65
60
U.S.
Delaware
57.6
55
50
48.7
45
40
97
98
99
00
01
Years
02
03
04
05
Source: Delaware Department of Education
Did you know?
• The College Board, the administrator of the Advanced Placement Program, released the first ever
Advanced Placement Report to the Nation in January 2005. The report showed that all fifty states
and the District of Columbia have achieved an increase in the percentage of high school students
succeeding in college-level AP courses. The report focused on three themes: excellence in equity
in college-level achievement; AP and college readiness, and closing equity gaps.
• Each Advanced Placement course offers an exam at the end of the school year in which students
have the opportunity to earn college credit. The highest score possible on an Advanced Placement exam is a five. A score of three is considered average and most colleges and universities
grant credit, advanced placement, or both for a score of a three or higher.
• Minorities have been significantly underrepresented in the number of Advanced Placement examinees, but progress is being made. In particular, Hispanic/Latino students have made significant
gains. Hispanic/Latino students made up 12.8 percent of the 2004 class in the U.S., and 13.1
percent of AP exam takers in the class of 2004.
For more information see
Table 45 – 46
p. 145
www.doe.state.de.us/AdvPlacementProgram/APGoals.htm
www.collegeboard.com/student/
testing/ap/about.html
Source: Advanced Placement Report to the Nation, 2005. The College Board. Available at http://www.collegeboard.com/prod_downloads/about/
news_info/ap/2005/ap-report-nation.pdf
KIDS COUNT in Delaware
61
Children Receiving
Free & Reduced-Price School Meals
The National School Lunch Program (NSLP) is a federally assisted meal program functioning in almost 100,000 public and non-profit private schools and residential childcare
facilities. The NSLP provides nutritionally balanced, low-cost or free lunches to children
each school day. Founded in 1946, the NSLP is the oldest and largest child nutrition programs, operated by the Food and Consumer Service of the U.S. Department of Agriculture.
Additionally, the School Breakfast Program (SBP) was founded under the Child Nutrition
Act of 1966 to provide breakfast at school for children of low-income families and for
children who had to travel a great distance to school. Research has shown that children
who are hungry have more difficult time learning, are often lethargic and irritable, and
have shorter attention spans. Also, the NSLP provides proper nutrition for children
who may not receive it at home. Children whose household incomes are at or below
130 percent of the poverty level are eligible to participate in the NSLP.
Source: National School Lunch Program, U.S. Dept. of Agriculture. Available at http://www.fns.usda.gov/cnd/Lunch
Free and Reduced-Price Lunches
Delaware, Counties, Charter Schools*, and Wilmington**
Percentage of Students Receiving Free or Reduced Lunches
60
Sussex: 42.5
55
Delaware: 35.6
50
45
40
Kent: 34.9
Sussex
Kent
35
30
New Castle: 34.6
New Castle
Charter Schools: 25.7
25
20
Charter Schools*
15
10
5
0
9495
Source:
9596
9697
9798
9899
9900
School Years
0001
0102
0203
0304
0405
* Charter School data were not available
before the 1999–2000 school year.
Delaware Department of Education
Did you know?
• School lunches must meet the applicable recommendations of the Dietary Guidelines for Americans which advocate a diet with no more than 30 percent of caloric intake from fat, and less than
10 percent from saturated fat. Additionally, children must receive a recommended one-third of
their daily allowance of vitamin A, vitamin C, iron, calcium, and calories.
• Over 7.1 million children participated in the NSLP at the end of its first year in 1946-1947. In the
Fiscal year 2003, more than 28.4 million received free or reduced cost lunches every day. Since
the NSLP began, it has served over 187 billion lunches.
• The National School Lunch Program was established under the National School Lunch Act, signed
by President Harry Truman in 1946.
For more information see
Table 47
p. 146
www.feedingchildrenbetter.org
• Only 2 percent of school-age children’s diets meet the Food Guide Pyramid serving recommendations for the five major food groups. Overall, the percentages of children eating the recommended number of food group servings are 14 percent for fruit, 17 percent for meat, 20 percent
for vegetables, 23 percent for grains, and 30 percent for milk.
Source: National School Lunch Program, U.S. Dept. of Agriculture. Available at http://www.fns.usda.gov/cnd/Lunch
62
KIDS COUNT in Delaware
High School Dropouts
Since 1972 the high school dropout rates for young people ages 16 –24 have gradually
declined. In 2003, the dropout rate reached an all time low of 10 percent.1 Students drop
out of school for a variety of reasons. Some start a family or decide that they need to get
a job to support their family, while others struggle academically. Young people may be
failing their classes, have disciplinary problems, have a lack of interest in school, or have
a drug or alcohol problem. Graduating from high school is a predictor of future career
success. High school graduation is a minimum requirement for most jobs. Additionally,
graduation is correlated with higher paying jobs and higher occupational status. Dropping out of high school is associated with living in poverty and living on public assistance
throughout one’s lifetime.2 However, more and more student dropouts are going back to
school. One study found that 63 percent of high school dropouts went back to get their
diploma or General Educational Diploma (GED) within 8 years of dropping out. 3 Each
year, an estimated 500,000 people go back to school to obtain their GED. 4
1–3 Child Trends Databank. Available at http://www.childtrendsdatabank.org/indicators/1HighSchoolDropout.cfm
– Documentation proving transfer
to another public school district,
private school, or state- or districtapproved education program;
– Temporary absence due to suspension or school-approved illness; or
– Death.
Child Trends Databank. Available at http://www.childtrendsdatabank
Public High School Dropouts
Grades 9–12, Delaware by Race and Ethnicity
15
14
Percentage of Students who Dropped Out of All Students
4
Definitions
Dropout – A 2003 – 04 dropout is an
individual who was enrolled at the end
of the 2002 – 03 school year; or at
any time during the 2003 – 04 school
year; and has not graduated from high
school or completed a state- or districtapproved educational program;
and does not meet any of the following
exclusionary conditions:
13
Hispanic
Hispanic: 12.0
12
11
10
Black
9
8
7
6
Black:
White
7.3
5
4
White: 4.9
3
2
1
Delaware All
0
8687
8788
8889
8990
Delaware: 6.1
9091
9192
9293
9394
94- 9595
96
School Years
9697
9798
9899
9900
0001
0102
0203
0304
The percentage after 2000 – 01 reflects an improvement in data acquisition and reporting. There has not been a significant
increase in the number of dropouts; those students added to the dropout data were previously listed as “Missing,” and not
reported. Missing students have been tracked and placed in correct categories.
Source: Delaware Department of Education
Dropouts
by Age, Gender, and Racial / Ethnic Group, School Year 2003–04
Percentage of all dropouts
by age
Less than
15 years:
15 yrs.:
12.7%
4.8%
17+:
52.9%
16 years:
29.4%
Percentage of all dropouts
by gender
Percentage of all dropouts
by racial / ethnic group
Hispanic*
10.9%
Female:
42.0%
Male:
58.0%
Black
35.5%
White/
Other
53.4%
Source: Delaware Department of Education
KIDS COUNT in Delaware
63
High School Dropouts
Graduation Rates
Delaware, School Year 2003 – 04
Graduation Rate – The graduation rate
is a cohort rate that reflects the percent
of 9th grade students who graduated
within four years from a Delaware
public school. The rate takes into account dropouts. For example, the rate
for 2000–2001 reflects the percent of
incoming 9th graders in September of
1997 who graduated in June of 2001.
Percentage of June graduates compared to the 9th grade class four years previous
Definition
100
90
80
83.5
77.2
73.4
70
87.6
85.9
85.7
81.5
68.0
64.2
69.2
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
All Students
Black Hispanic White
Race
Female Male
Gender
Low Not Low
Income
With Without
Disability Status
Source: Delaware Department of Education
Did you know?
• In 2004, 9 percent of females ages 16–24
were high school dropouts compared to 12
percent of males ages 16-24. Males represent a total of 57 percent of the dropout
population in this age group. 1
• Blacks and Hispanics have higher than
average high school drop-out rates. In
2004, 7 percent of non-Hispanic Whites
ages 16–24 were not in school and had
not graduated high school, compared to
12 percent Blacks ages 16–24 and
24 percent Hispanics ages 16–24. 2
• In 2000, young adults living in families with
incomes in the lowest 20 percent of all
family incomes were six times more likely
to drop out of high school than young adults
living in families in the top 20 percent of the
income distribution. 3
For more information see
Tables 48–56
p. 147–151
www.dropoutprevention.org
http://jobcorps.doleta.gov
KIDS COUNT in Delaware
by Racial / Ethnic Group
School Year 2003 – 04
Delaware
All – 6.1
White/Other – 5.0
Hispanic – 12.0
Black – 7.3
New Castle County
All – 6.1
White/Other – 4.8
Hispanic – 12.6
Black – 7.4
Kent County
All – 5.7
White/Other – 5.0
Hispanic – 10.1
• High school students who live in large cities
are about twice as likely to leave high school
before graduating than students who live in
non-urban areas. 4
Black – 7.2
1 Child Trends Databank. Available at http://www.childtrendsdatabank.org/indicators/1HighSchoolDropout.cfm
White/Other – 5.5
2 Child Trends Databank. Available at http://www.childtrendsdatabank.org/indicators/1HighSchoolDropout.cfm
Black – 7.3
3 National Center for Education Statistics, U.S. Department of Education. Available at http://nces.ed.gov/pubs2002/droppub_2001/
4 Parents Association. Available at http://www.parentsassociation.
com/education/drop_outs.htm
64
Dropout Rates
Sussex County
All – 6.1
Hispanic – 10.8
Delaware Average: 6.1
Source: Delaware Department of Education
135.03
117
135.01
119
135.04
136.12
Adults Who Are Dropouts
112.0
3
5 112.0
4
112.06
101.01
113
111 102
115 114
103 101.02
104
116
109
110
108
112.01
118
112.0
2
112.0
Persons 25 and older who are without high school diplomas
or GED by census tract
Delaware, 2000
105
2
107
121
132
136.11
136.10
137
143
148.07
120
125
150
161
147.05 139.02
149.05
147.06
149.03
148.08
163.01
126
163.03
107
18
154
152
155
156
160
151
148.05 148.06
Census tracts ranked by percentage
of persons 25 and over that are high
school dropouts. High school dropouts
include persons who are not enrolled
in school (full-time or part-time) and
are not high school graduates. Those
persons who have a GED or equivalent
are included as high school graduates
in this measure.
2
19
129
162
149.04
3
4
5
6.01
14
10
6.02
15
7
23
16
9
22
1
8
25
21
26
17
27
20
123
139.01
11
24
122
124
138
149.02
147.02
12
130
127
136.08 136.09
140
141
147.03
133 131
163.02
158
159
164.02
164.01
1
2.0
40
166.02
166.03
402.03
402.02
404
401
407
418.01
166.04
419
409
418.02
411
415
422.01
421
412
416
411
417.01 417.02
422.02
169.02
404
410
413
414
168.02
168.01
408
418.01
410
418.02
420
405
406
405
166.01
422.01
424
427
428
169.01
426
425
430
429
431
501.03
501.01
503.01
501.02
502
503.02
508.01
509
508.03
Significantly worse than Delaware median
(worst quintile of Delaware census tracts)
504.01
Similar to Delaware median
Better than Delaware median
Significantly better than Delaware median
(best quintile of Delaware census tracts)
519
508.02
505.02
510.02
511
504.04
507.01
504.03
518.01
510.03
506.01
517.01
506.02
507.02
513.01
515
513.02
517.02
514
512
.03
513
For detailed information on census tracts see:
http://factfinder.census.gov
505.01
518.02
Worse than Delaware median
504.02
Key
510.01
148.03
145.02
144.04
144.02
144.03
145.01 142
136.04
117
13
136.13 134
136.07
513.04
KIDS COUNT in Delaware
65
Teens Not in School and Not Working
Teenagers who do not work and do not attend school are less likely to find a well-paying
job and be able to maintain it. The transitional period between high school and adulthood
is challenging for many young people. Foster care children are especially at risk for not
being employed or in school. An estimated 3.8 million American young people ages 18–24
were ‘idle’ at one point during 2002 and over 700,000 new youths were not in school or
working. 1 This represents a 19 percent increase over the previous three years. In 2003, an
estimated 13 percent of young people ages 16 –24 in the U.S. were without employment
and were not enrolled in school. Although this represents a three percent decline since
1986, recent trends show the number of young people not working or in school is on the
rise. 2 Reasons for not working or being in school include the inability to find steady employment or the desire to start a family. Research has shown that improving educational
and employment opportunities are especially important for urban, disadvantaged, and
minority youth who are especially at risk for not being employed or in school. Additionally, caring parent-child interactions, positive peer influences, and support from siblings,
teachers, and mentors are helpful in influencing a young adult’s choices and attitudes.3
1 KIDS COUNT, Annie E. Casey Foundation. Available at http://www.aecf.org/kidscount/
2 Child Trends Databank. Available at http://www.childtrendsdatabank.org/indicators/87IdleYouth.cfm
3 Rhode Island KIDS COUNT 2004 Fact Book.
Teens Not in School and Not Working
Delaware Compared to U.S.
Percentage Teens (16–19) Not Attending School and Not Working
12
11
10
U.S.
DE:
10.3
9
8
7
6
US:
9.0
Delaware
5
4
3
2
1
0
8688
8789
8890
8991
9092
9193
9294
93- 94- 95- 9695
96
97
98
Three-Year Periods
9799
9800
9901
0002
0103
0204
0305
Note: Variations in the Delaware graph are due to sampling size of the data collection. Data are collected through a
sample size too small for county breakout. This measure is based on an analysis of the Current Population Survey,
representing a nationwide sampling. Like all estimates derived from sampling, these figures do contain sampling
errors. The Bureau of Labor Statistics suggests that state rankings based on these figures should be used with caution.
Source: Center for Applied Demography and Survey Research, University of Delaware
Did you know?
Females ages 16-24 are more likely to not be in school or working than males their own age. In
2003, 15 percent of females and 11 percent of males were not employed or enrolled in school. The
difference in gender can be attributed to the higher percentages of young women who are married
or have children.1 Males ages 16-24 who are not in school or working are more likely than females
to be engaged in delinquent behavior or illegal activities.2
1 Child Trends Databank. Available at http://www.childtrendsdatabank.org/indicators/87IdleYouth.cfm
2 Rhode Island KIDS COUNT 2004 Fact Book.
66
KIDS COUNT in Delaware
The State of Delaware’s Department of Education keeps track of out-of-school suspensions and
expulsions in all regular, vocational/technical, and special public schools for each school year. The
duration of out-of-school suspensions is influenced by district policy, district procedure, severity of
the incident, frequency of a particular student’s involvement in disciplinary actions, and the availability of disciplinary alternatives.
Definition
Teens Not in School and Not Working
– teenagers 16–19 who are not in
school and not employed
Expulsions and Suspensions
Delaware Public Schools, 2003– 04
County
Delaware
Enrollment
Number of
Expulsions*
Number of
Suspensions**
117,700
211
30,603
New Castle
69,824
54
23,295
Kent
25,907
92
3,206
Sussex
21,969
65
4,102
* The increase from in expulsions from 2002-2003 to 2003-2004 is primarily due to more complete reporting. The
Department of Education has been working more closely with the districts to make sure all such events are reported
to the Department.
** Suspensions are total number of suspensions, not students suspended. A student may have multiple suspensions.
Note:
Most frequent infractions resulting in Suspensions were Defiance of School Authority, Fighting, General Disruption. Most frequent infractions resulting in Expulsion were Drug Use or Possession, Assault / Battery.
Source: Delaware Department of Education
Did you know?
• In the last 20 years, yearly earnings have doubled for high school drop-outs, and tripled for college graduates. Recent high school drop-outs will earn $200,000 less than high school graduates
and over $800,000 less than college graduates in their lifetimes.1
• There are disparities in age groups among young adults who are not working or in school. In
2003, 18 percent of young people ages 23–24 were neither working nor in school, compared
with 4 percent of 16–17 year olds.2
• In 2003, 28 percent of Native Americans ages 16-24 were not working or in school. NonHispanic Blacks and Hispanics had the next highest proportions of young people ages 16-24
who were not working or in school at 20 percent and 18 percent respectively.3
1
Parents Association. Available at http://www.parentsassociation.com/education/drop_outs.html
2–3 Child Trends Databank. Available at http://www.childtrendsdatabank.org/indicators/87IdleYouth.cfm
The Academic Common Market is a tuition-savings agreement between
the 16 states that compose the Southern Regional Education Board (SREB).
If your program of study is not offered by a public college in Delaware, you
may be eligible for in-state tuition at a participating public college in one
of 15 SREB states. To be eligible for participation in the ACM, you must be
• a Delaware resident and U.S. citizen or eligible non-citizen whose major is not
offered at the University of Delaware or Delaware State University, and
• accepted to an eligible program of study that has been selected for the ACM
by a participating college.
The ACM includes four-year undergraduate and graduate-level degree programs.
Programs of study are selected by the participating colleges and are subject to change.
There are currently over 130 public colleges participating in the ACM.
For more information see
Tables 47– 56
p. 147–151
Table 96
p. 169
www.dropoutprevention.org
www.childrensdefense.org
For more information contact Delaware Higher Education Commission,
820 N. French St., Wilmington, DE 19801, Phone: 302-577-3240 or 800-292-7935.
KIDS COUNT in Delaware
67
Delaware Children Speak about
Education
Educational attainment is an important indicator of our nation’s well-being. Between
1971 and 2004 the percentage of young adults ages 25-29 with at least a bachelor’s degree
has increased from 17 to 29 percent. 1 Educational achievement can be measured by
academic competency in areas such as reading and math. In Delaware, roughly 31 and 26
percent of eighth graders achieved proficiency on the National Assessment of Educational
Progress (NAEP) reading and math test, respectively. 2 Strides are being made to reduce the
achievement gap between different races. Most disparities among adults can be linked to
the academic achievement gap that begins even before school. Early childhood education
can help combat this difference. In Delaware, 10 percent of 3-year-olds and 25 percent of
4-year-olds participate in state-sponsored pre-kindergarten or Head Start. Delaware is one
of 12 states that require children to attend kindergarten at least half a day. 3 Participation
in after-school opportunities can also be very helpful to children. In Delaware, 20 percent
of youth are unsupervised after school, allowing them time to get involved in delinquent
activities. Of Delaware high school graduates, 60 percent enroll in college in the fall after
high school. 4
1 Child Trends Databank. Available at http://www.childtrendsdatabank.org/indicators/6EducationalAttainment.cfm
2–4 Education: The State We’re In, An Education Report Card for State of Delaware. Center for American Progress. Available at http://www.americanprogress.org/site/pp.asp?c=biJRJ8OVF&b=995593
School Safety
I feel safe in my school.
Delaware, 2005
Teachers
I get along well with teachers at school.
Delaware, 2005
5th Graders
5th Graders
9%
8%
No
No
92%
91%
Yes
Get along well with
teachers most of the time
Yes
Feel Safe
8th Graders
8th Graders
Never: 4%
Not
Some often:
4%
of the time
14%
Most of the time
54%
Often
21%
Most of the time
46%
Often
24%
25%
11th Graders
11th Graders
Never: 1%
Not
Some
often:
2%
of the time
Never: 2%
Not
Some
often:
3%
of the time
16%
14%
Most of the time
Most of the time
56%
Never: 3%
Not
often:
5%
Some
of the time
Often
25%
52%
Often
29%
Source for all graphs on this page: 5th graders: 7,992 responses. 8th graders: 7,815 responses. 11th graders: 5,231 responses.
Delaware School Survey 2005, Center for Drug and Alcohol Studies, University of Delaware
68
KIDS COUNT in Delaware
Grades and Parental Concern
How often do your parents know where you are when you’re not in school?
What grades do you usually make?
Delaware 8th Graders, 2005
Parents know most of the time
Parents never know
Mostly
Mostly A:
D or F:
Mostly A:
8%
29%
Mostly C:
19%
Mostly D or F:
Mostly B:
33%
26%
Mostly B:
19%
Mostly C:
37%
28%
Source: Delaware School Survey 2005, Center for Drug and Alcohol Studies, University of Delaware
Parental Praise
When I do a good job at home or school,
my parents tell me about it.
Delaware, 2005
Finishing School
How much schooling do you think
you will complete?
Delaware, 2005
100%
8th Graders
90%
Probably will not finish
high school
80%
Don’t
know
70%
Often/Most
of the time – 64%
60%
50%
20%
10%
0
Yes – 69%
30%
Yes – 90%
40%
Graduate or
professional school
after college
6%
Complete
high school
1%
9%
Some
college 7%
32%
Complete
college degree
45%
5th Graders 8th Graders 11th Graders
Note: 11th graders had more choices for responses.
Source: Delaware School Survey 2005, Center for Drug
and Alcohol Studies, University of Delaware
Skipping School
How often do you skip classes without
permission? How often do you skip the
whole school day without permission?
Delaware, 2005
8th Graders
Skip Day – 15%
Skip Class – 18%
Skip Day – 6%
Skip Class – 9%
0
3%
Graduate or
professional school
after college
Complete
high school
1%
9%
Some
college 7%
27%
54%
15%
5%
Probably will not finish
high school
Don’t know
Complete
college degree
20%
10%
11th Graders
11th Graders
Source: Delaware School Survey 2005, Center for Drug
and Alcohol Studies, University of Delaware
Source: Delaware School Survey 2005, Center for Drug
and Alcohol Studies, University of Delaware
Source for all graphs on this page:
– 5th graders: 7,992 responses.
– 8th graders: 7,815 responses.
– 11th graders: 5,231 responses.
Delaware School Survey 2005
Center for Drug and Alcohol Studies, University of Delaware
KIDS COUNT in Delaware
69
Delaware Children Speak about
Education
Studying
Television
How much time do you spend
on a school day (before and after school)
doing schoolwork at home?
How much time do you spend
on a school day watching TV?
Delaware, 2005
5th Graders
Delaware, 2005
5th Graders
More than
2 hours
About
2 hours
4% 4%
About 1 hour
36%
1/2 hour or less
47%
2%
8%
1–2 hours
40%
About
2 hours
8th Graders
5%
4 or more
hours
2–4
hours
12%
1–2 hours
38%
None
Less than
1 hour
14%
None
1–2 hours
9%
29%
2– 4 hours
26%
Less than 1 hour
42%
11th Graders
None
None
5%
Less than
1 hour
17%
11th Graders
3%
26%
18%
4 or more
hours
More than
4 hours
About 1 hour
27%
8th Graders
2–4
hours
20%
32%
How much time do you spend on a school
day (before and after school) studying or
doing homework outside of school?
More than
4 hours
1/2 hour
or less
More than
2 hours
9%
None
4%
None
18%
2– 4 hours
9%
27%
1–2 hours
33%
Less than 1 hour
37%
Source for all graphs on this page:
5th graders: 7,992 responses. 8th graders: 7,815 responses.
11th graders: 5,231 responses. Delaware School Survey
2005, Center for Drug and Alcohol Studies,
University of Delaware
Did you know?
• In the past few decades, earning differentials by education level have been increasing, especially
among men.
• Adults with higher levels of education report better health, higher levels of socio-emotional wellbeing, and lower divorce rates.
• Females were twice as likely to complete a Bachelor’s degree or higher in 2004 than in 1979.
• For the past few decades, there were dramatic increases in the nation’s educational attainment
levels. However, since the mid-90’s this has stabilized.
For more information see
www.state.de.us/drugfree/data.htm
70
KIDS COUNT in Delaware
Source: Child Trends Databank. Available at http://www.childtrendsdatabank.org/indicators/6EducationalAttainment.cfm
FAMILY ENVIRONMENT
& RESOURCES
Births to Teens ...................................... 72
No Parent with Full-time Employment .... 77
Children in Poverty ............................... 78
Children in One-Parent Families ............ 85
Female-Headed Families in Poverty ....... 91
Child Support ....................................... 92
Health Care Coverage .......................... 93
Child Abuse and Neglect....................... 94
Foster Care........................................... 96
Juvenile Delinquents
in Out-of-Home Care ........................ 97
Home Ownership ................................. 98
Domestic Violence................................. 99
Delaware Children Speak
about Family ................................. 100
KIDS COUNT in Delaware
71
Births to Teens 15–17
Over one million teenagers ages 15–19 get pregnant every year in the U.S, 78 percent
of which are unintended pregnancies. While the number of teenage pregnancies in the
U.S. has been declining over the past few years, the U.S. still has the highest rate in the
developed world. 1 Teenage pregnancy puts a substantial burden on society. Annually, an
estimated total of $7 billion is lost in tax revenues, increased costs for public assistance,
child health care costs, and criminal justice system costs due to teenage pregnancy.
Additionally, teenage pregnancy poses a great risk to the teen and the infant. Teenage
mothers are less likely to graduate from high school and are more likely than their peers
who delay childbearing to live in poverty and rely on public assistance. Babies born to
teenage mothers are often born with low birth weight, experience health and developmental problems, have higher rates of infant mortality, and are often abused or neglected. 2
Unfortunately, many teenage mothers do not fully understand the consequences of having
a child. Teenage mothers are often unprepared for the emotional and psychological challenges that are involved in childrearing. Also, teenage mothers are more likely than nonteens to have a child out of wedlock. This can leave teenage mothers unable to handle the
financial responsibilities involved in raising a child because they are the sole caregiver. 3
1&2 Planned Parenthood. Available at http://www.plannedparenthood.org/pp2/portal/media/factsreports/
3 Child Trends Databank. Available at http://www.childtrendsdatabank.org/indicators/13TeenBirth.cfm
Births to Teens 15–17
Live Births to 15–17 Year-old Females per 1,000 15–17 Year-old Females
Delaware Compared to U.S.
50
45
40
Delaware
35
U.S.
27.2
30
25
20
8690
25.1
8791
8892
8993
9094
9195
929396
97
Five-Year Periods
9498
9599
9600
9701
9802
9903
Source: Delaware Health Statistics Center
Did you know?
• Factors that contributed to the past rise in the number of teenage mothers include the
average age of menarche dropping to an all-time low and a record four out of five girls
becoming sexually active.
• By 12th grade, over 60 percent of high school students in the U.S. are sexually active. Over
40 percent of teenagers nationwide become sexually active by 10th grade, and 7.2 percent
of students report being sexually active before the age of 13 in the U.S.
Source Planned Parenthood. Available at http://www.plannedparenthood.org/pp2/portal/media/factsreports/
72
KIDS COUNT in Delaware
Births to Teens 15–17
Delaware and Counties
Definition
Birth Rate– number of births per
1,000 females in the same group
Live Births to 15–17 Year-old Females per 1,000 15–17 Year-old Females
55
50
Sussex
45
Kent
40
S: 29.1
35
New Castle
K: 27.1
30
NC: 26.7
25
Delaware: 27.2
20
8690
8791
8892
8993
9094
9195
929396
97
Five-Year Periods
9498
9599
9600
9701
9802
9903
Source: Delaware Health Statistics Center
Ten Tips for Parents to Help Children Avoid Teen Pregnancy, provided by the
National Campaign to Prevent Teen Pregnancy.
1)
Be clear about your own sexual values and attitudes.
2)
Talk to your children early and often about sex, and be specific.
3)
Supervise and monitor your children and adolescents.
4)
Know your children’s friends and their families.
5)
Discourage early, frequent, and steady dating.
6)
Take a strong stand against your daughter dating a boy significantly older than she
is. And do not allow your son to develop an intense relationship with a girl much
younger than he is.
7)
Help your teenagers to have options for the future that are more attractive than early
pregnancy and parenthood.
8)
Let your kids know that you value education highly.
9)
Know what your kids are listening to, watching, and reading.
10) Strive for strong, close relationships with your children from an early age.
For local information no preventing teenage pregnancy, contact Alliance for Adolescent
Pregnancy Prevention (AAPP). Supported with a grant from Delaware Health and Human
Services, AAPP is designed to coordinate statewide adolescent pregnancy prevention
initiatives, identify needs, target high-risk areas and populations, oversee the Delaware
Teenage Pregnancy Prevention media campaign, offer educational workshops and
technical support, and assist with linking programs and resources.
Call: 1-800-499-WAIT
KIDS COUNT in Delaware
73
Births to Teens 15–19
The overall birth rate for Delaware
teens ages 15–19 is slightly higher
than the United States rate. Birth
rates for teens in Sussex County as
well as in the City of Wilmington are
coming down but continue to be
much higher than the Delaware rate.
Live Births to 15–17 Year-old Females per 1,000 15–17 Year-old Females
Births to Teens 15–17
50
45
40
Delaware
35
U.S.
27.2
30
25
20
8690
25.1
8791
8892
8993
9094
9195
939296
97
Five-Year Periods
9498
9599
9600
9701
9802
9903
Live Births to 15–19 Year-old Females per 1,000
Females15–19 Year-old Females
Births to Teens 15–19
Delaware Compared to U.S.
65
60
55
50
U.S.
DE: 46.9
Delaware
45
US: 45.6
40
35
30
8690
8791
8892
8993
9094
9195
939296
97
Five-Year Periods
9498
9599
9600
9701
9802
9903
Births to Teens 15–19
Delaware, Counties, and Wilmington
Live Births to 15–19 Year-old Females per 1,000 15–19 Year-old Females
140
Wilmington*
130
120
103.4
110
100
90
Sussex
80
70
60.5
Kent
60
51.1
50
New Castle
40
30
41.9
Delaware: 46.9
8690
8791
8892
8993
Source: Delaware Health Statistics Center
74
KIDS COUNT in Delaware
9094
9195
989992939495969702
03
96
97
98
99
00
01
Five-Year Periods
* Wilmington data are not available before the 1987–1991 period.
Births to Teens 15–19
Live Births to 15–19 Year-old Females per 1,000 15–19 Year-old Females
Delaware by Race
120
Black
110
100
90
80.3
80
70
60
50
40
White
36.4
Delaware: 46.9
30
8690
8791
8892
8993
9094
9195
939296
97
Five-Year Periods
9498
9599
9600
9701
9802
9903
Births to Teens 15–19
Delaware and Wilmington by Race
180
Live Births to 15–19 Year-old Females
per 1,000 15–19 Year-old Females
160
140
Wilmington Black
Wilm. Black:
Delaware Black
120
Wilm. White:
100
114.4
106.2
Wilmington White
80
DE Black:
80.3
DE White:
36.4
60
40
Delaware White
20
8791
8892
8993
9094
9195
92939496
97
98
Five-Year Periods
9599
9600
9701
9802
9903
Source: Delaware Health Statistics Center
For more information see
Table 10
Tables 14–15
p. 125
p. 128–129
Table 19
p. 132
Tables 57– 61
p. 151–154
Did you know?
Table 67–68
p. 157–158
• One study has found that over 90 percent of U.S. citizens surveyed support teaching sex
education classes in high school. Additionally, 84 percent of people surveyed supported
teaching sex education in middle school.
www.agi-usa.org
• Data from the mid-90’s shows that 43 percent of teenage pregnancies ended in unintended births
and another 35 percent ended in abortions.
www.teenpregnancy.org
www.agi-usa.org/sections/
pregnacy.php
www.agi-usa.org/sections/
adolescents.php
Source: Planned Parenthood. Available at http://www.plannedparenthood.org/pp2/portal/media/factsreports/
KIDS COUNT in Delaware
75
Births to Unmarried Teens
Births to Unmarried Teen Mothers
Live Births to Unmarried Teen Mothers as a Percentage of All Teen Births
Delaware Compared to U.S.
90
90.0
85
80
75
79.8
Delaware
70
65
U.S.
60
55
50
8690
8791
8892
8993
9094
9195
939296
97
Five-Year Periods
9498
9599
9600
9701
9802
9903
Births to Unmarried Teen Mothers
Live Births to Unmarried Teen Mothers as a Percentage of All Teen Births
Delaware and Counties
92.3
90
85
89.3
New Castle
84.0
80
75
70
Sussex
Kent
65
60
55
50
Delaware: 90.0
8690
8791
8892
8993
9094
9195
939296
97
Five-Year Periods
9498
9599
9600
9701
9802
9903
Sources: Delaware Health Statistics Center
Did you know?
For more information see
Table 60
p. 153
Table 68
p. 158
Hispanics are the fastest growing segment of the U.S. population and they also have the highest
teenage birth rates. Hispanic teens are less likely to talk to their parents about contraception, to use
a form of contraception, or to view teenage pregnancy in a negative way.
Source: Child Trends Databank. Available at http://www.childtrendsdatabank.org/indicators/13TeenBirth.cfm/
76
KIDS COUNT in Delaware
No Parent with Full-time Employment
Full-year employment is a major determinant of financial stability and family well-being.
Full-year employment may not offer the guarantee of living out of poverty for low-income
families, but it does have many benefits, such as higher family income and greater access
to private health insurance. 1 Additionally, secure parental employment may enhance
children’s psychological well-being and improve family functioning by reducing stress
levels and other negative effects that unemployment and underemployment can have on
parents. 2 Higher incomes are associated with many positive child outcomes including
better overall health, higher academic achievement and financial well-being as adults.
The percentage of children who are living with at least one parent who is employed fulltime, full-year has been gradually increasing from 72 percent in 1990 to 77 percent in
2003. 3 Especially high increases in secure parental employment have been seen in single
mothers, families with non-Hispanic Black children and families in poverty. Low-income
families have a harder time finding secure employment. In 2003, three out of ten children
living below the poverty line had at least one parent in the home who was employed fulltime, year-round, compared to seven out of eight children living above the poverty line. 4
1 Children Trends Databank. Available at http://www.childtrendsdatabank.org/indicators/68ParentalEmployment.cfm
2 Childstats.gov. Available at http://childstats.ed.gov/americaschildren/eco2.asp
3&4 Children Trends Databank. Available at http://www.childtrendsdatabank.org/indicators/68ParentalEmployment.cfm
Children with Underemployed Parents
Delaware Compared to U.S.
Percentage of Children Living in Families where
No Parent Has Full-time, Year-round Employment
35
30
U.S.
25
21.9
Delaware
20
18.9
15
10
5
0
8991
9092
9193
9294
9395
9496
95969797
98
99
Three-Year Periods
9800
9901
0002
0103
0204
0305
Source: Center for Applied Demography and Survey Research, University of Delaware
Did you know?
Between 2000 and 2003, the number of people in
low-income families with children increased from 30
to 32 percent of the population, and the proportion
of all households with a full-time, full-year worker
fell from 88 to 85 percent. Single-parent households
represented 37 percent of the loss in full-time, fullyear employment, but they received only 8 percent of
the increase in unemployment insurance benefits.
Source: The Urban Institute. Available at http://www.urban.org/urlprint.
cfm?ID=9391
Possible policy strategies
to get lower income families in secure employment
include: protect and
expand the Earned Income Tax
Credit, raise the minimum wage,
help low-income working parents
with childcare costs, and strengthen
unemployment insurance for unemployed low-wage workers.
For more information see
Table 62
p. 155
Table 96
p. 169
Source: National Center for Children in
Poverty. Available at http://www.nccp.org/
media/pel04-text.pdf
KIDS COUNT in Delaware
77
Children in Poverty
The percentage of children living in poverty in the U.S. peaked in 1992 at 22 percent. In
2004, 17 percent of our nation’s youth were living in poverty, 7 percent of which were living in extreme poverty. For the fourth year in a row the poverty rate rose. Additionally, this
is the first statistically significant increase in child poverty since 1999. 1 An estimated 12
million children live in families with incomes below the federal poverty line ($19,157 for
a family of four with two children). Living in poverty can have extreme consequences for
young children. Research indicates that children living in poverty are disproportionately
exposed to risk factors that are harmful for brain development and may affect a child’s social and emotional development. 2 Children living in poverty have a higher likelihood of being exposed to environmental toxins, inadequate nutrition, maternal depression, paternal
substance abuse, trauma, abuse, and low quality child care. 3 For young children, growing
up in poverty is associated with lower cognitive abilities and lower school achievement.
Living in poverty as an adolescent lessens the likelihood that the youth will graduate from
high school. Additionally, poverty is associated with lower occupational status and lower
pay rates as an adult. 3 Increases in the probability that teenagers will start smoking and
engage in early initiation of sexual activity can also be linked to poverty. 4
1 Child Trends Databank. Available at http://www.childtrendsdatabank.org/indicators/4Poverty.cfm
2 National Center for Children in Poverty: Available at http://www.nccp.org/pub_cpt05b.html
3 Child Trends Databank. Available at http://www.childtrendsdatabank.org/indicators/4Poverty.cfm
4 Delaware Housing Coalition. Available at http://www.housingforall.org/ROP_0304.htm
Children in Poverty
Delaware Compared to U.S.
24
22
Percentage of Children (0–17) in Poverty
20
18
U.S.
17.4
16
14
12.2
12
10
Delaware
8
6
4
2
0
8991
9092
9193
9294
9395
9496
9597
9698
9799
9800
9901
0002
0103
0204
0305
Three-Year Periods
Source: Center for Applied Demography and Survey Research, University of Delaware
Did you know?
• Over half of the poverty in Delaware is found in New Castle County. However, average incomes
within the state are highest in New Castle County. Over the past 15 years, the poverty rate in New
Castle County has remained fairly constant, while Kent and Sussex Counties peaked in the late
1990’s reaching a rate of 23.3 percent for children living in poverty.
• In Delaware, more and more families are working and still living in poverty. One study found that
over half of all Delaware families with children under 18 who were living in poverty had a least
one full-time, full-year employed worker.
Source: Delaware Housing Coalition. Available at http://www.housingforall.org/ROP_0304.htm
78
KIDS COUNT in Delaware
Children in Poverty
Definition
Delaware and Counties
Children in Poverty – in 2004 the
poverty threshold for a one-parent, two
child family was $15,219. For a family
of four with two children, the threshold
was $19,157.
24
22
Percentage of Children (0–17) in Poverty
20
17.0
18
New Castle
16
14
12
9.7
10
8
Kent & Sussex*
6
4
2
Delaware: 12.2
0
8991
9092
9193
9294
9395
9496
9597
9698
9799
9800
9901
0002
0103
0204
0305
Three-Year Periods
* Kent and Sussex County data
are not available separately.
Source: Center for Applied Demography and Survey Research, University of Delaware
Children in Poverty by Household Structure
Delaware
40
Percentage of Children in Poverty
35
30
One-Parent Households
24.9
25
20
15
10
5
6.0
Two-Parent Households
0
8991
9092
9193
9294
9395
9496
9597
9698
9799
9800
9901
0002
0103
0204
0305
Three-Year Periods
Source: Center for Applied Demography and Survey Research, University of Delaware
Did you know?
Family make-up is a huge predictor of living in poverty. Overall 42 percent of single-mother families
were living in poverty in 2004, compared to only 9 percent of married couples. This trend is seen
regardless of race or ethnicity.
Source: Child Trends Databank. Available at http://www.childtrendsdatabank.org/indicators/4Poverty.cfm
KIDS COUNT in Delaware
79
Children in Poverty
Children and Adults in Poverty
Percentage of Children (0–17) and Adults (18 and Above) in Poverty
Delaware
20
18
16
14
Children (0 –17)
12.2
12
10
8
6
7.4
Adults (18 and above)
4
2
0
8991
9092
9193
9294
9395
9496
9597
9698
9799
9800
9901
0002
0103
0204
0305
Three-Year Periods
Source: Center for Applied Demography and Survey Research, University of Delaware
Did you know?
Created by Congress in 1975, the federal Earned Income Tax Credit, or EITC, provides a lump-sum
cash refund to low-wage working individuals and families. The EITC is the largest federal income
subsidy program targeting the working poor. Through the EITC, in 2000, the IRS administered over
$30 billion in tax refunds to low-wage workers. These refunds are reinvested into local communities as workers use the funds to make ends meet or invest in home ownership, education, small
business, or other important assets that can change their lives. What distinguishes the EITC from
other federal income support programs is that eligibility is based on a prerequisite of employment,
making work pay for workers in entry level positions.
Source: Nehemiah Gateway Community Development Corporation. Available at http://www.tax-coalition.org/buildcoal.htm
The KIDS COUNT Indicator Brief: Reducing the Child Poverty Rate
describes five strategies that may help families get out of poverty:
1) Build Political Will to Reduce Child Poverty – Get people to realize that
poverty is not limited to families where parents do not or cannot work. Also, help
people understand that almost one-fifth of our nations youth live in poverty. It is not
the small percentage that most Americans believe.
For more information see
Tables 62 – 66
p. 155 –156
Table 70 – 73
p. 159 –160
www.childrensdefense.org
www.nccp.org
www.mwul.org
www.jcpr.org
http://aspe.hhs.gov/poverty/
06fedreg.htm
http://www.census.gov/hhes/
poverty/threshld.html
80
KIDS COUNT in Delaware
2) Make Wages Work – Support efforts to raise minimum wage, expand job benefits
for low-wage workers, and strengthen education and job training.
3) Strengthen the Safety Net – Get all eligible children enrolled in health insurance
programs and have them receive food stamps. Also, improve child support and
unemployment insurance.
4) Help Low-Income Families Keep More of What They Earn – Strengthen and expand
the federal Earned Income Tax Credit (EITC).
5) Help Low-Income Families Accumulate Savings and Assets – Expand Individual
Development Accounts and low-wage earners’ access to credit.
Children in Poverty
Delaware, 2000
Key
Number of children
in census block group
living below the
poverty line.
(In 2000 the poverty
threshold for a one-parent, two-child family was
$13,874. For a family of
four with two children,
the threshold was
$17,463.)
0 children
1– 25 children
26 – 100 children
101– 200 children
201–345 children
County details follow on
next two pages.
For detailed information on census tracts
and blocks: http://factfinder.census.gov
Source: Center for Applied Demography and Survey Research, University of Delaware
KIDS COUNT in Delaware
81
Children in Poverty
Children in Poverty
New Castle County, 2000
Key
Number of children
in census block group
living below the
poverty line.
0 children
1–25 children
26 –100 children
101–200 children
201–345 children
For detailed information on census tracts
and blocks: http://factfinder.census.gov
Source: Center for Applied Demography and Survey Research, University of Delaware
82
KIDS COUNT in Delaware
Children in Poverty
Kent and Sussex Counties, 2000
Key
Number of children
in census block group
living below the
poverty line.
0 children
1–25 children
26 –100 children
101–200 children
201–345 children
Source: Center for Applied Demography and Survey Research, University of Delaware
KIDS COUNT in Delaware
83
Children in Poverty
135.03
117
135.01
119
135.04
136.12
Population in Poverty
112.0
3
5 112.0
4
112.06
101.01
113
111 102
115 114
103 101.02
104
116
109
110
108
112.01
118
112.0
2
112.0
Population in poverty by census tract
Delaware, 2000
105
2
107
121
132
136.07
136.11
137
143
138
125
161
149.05
139.02
147.06
148.07
149.03
148.08
163.01
126
163.03
107
7
8
18
19
154
152
155
156
160
151
148.05 148.06
Census tracts ranked by percentage
of population below 100% of poverty.
A person is “poor” if they reside in
a family with income below the U.S.
poverty threshold, as defined by the
U.S. Office of Management and Budget.
Poverty thresholds differ by family size
and are updated annually for inflation using the Consumer Price Index.
However, they do not take into account
geographic differences in the cost
of living.
2
5
6.01
6.02
129
162
149.04
3
4
14
10
15
23
16
9
22
21 1
25
17
26
27
20
123
150
11
24
122
139.01
147.05
147.02
120
124
140
141
147.03
12
130
127
136.08 136.09
149.02
144.02
148.03
145.02
144.04
144.03
145.01 142
133 131
163.02
136.10
136.04
117
13
136.13 134
158
159
164.02
164.01
1
2.0
40
402.03
402.02
166.02
166.03
404
401
166.01
407
418.01
166.04
419
418.02
168.01
409
414
415
422.01
412
416
411
417.01 417.02
422.02
169.02
404
410
413
418.02
411
168.02
420
408
418.01
410
421
405
406
405
422.01
424
427
428
169.01
426
425
430
429
431
501.03
501.01
503.01
501.02
502
503.02
508.01
508.03
504.01
Similar to Delaware average
Better than Delaware average
Significantly better than Delaware average
(best quintile of Delaware census tracts)
KIDS COUNT in Delaware
519
506.01
517.01
506.02
507.02
513.01
515
513.02
517.02
514
512
.03
513
For detailed information on census tracts see:
http://factfinder.census.gov
510.02
511
507.01
504.03
518.01
508.02
505.02
504.04
518.02
Worse than Delaware average
505.01
510.03
510.01
Significantly worse than Delaware average
(worst quintile of Delaware census tracts)
504.02
Key
84
509
513.04
Children in
One-Parent Families
Being a single parent involves many challenges. In 2000, there were 13.5 million single
parents who had custody of 21.7 million children under the age of 21. 1 The number of
single parent-families has significantly increased over the past few decades. In 1990, an
estimated 9 percent of all households in the U.S. were single-parent families. In 2000, this
number rose to slightly over 16 percent. From 1970 to 1996 the percentage of children
under age 18 living with two married parents steadily decreased from 85 percent to 68
percent. 2 This number has stabilized since then and in 2004 remained at 68 percent.
Also, the prevalence of female-headed single parent households is much higher than
male-headed single-parent households. In 2004, the number of children who lived only
with their mother was 23 percent, compared to only 5 percent of children under 21 who
lived only with their father. 3 This presents a problem because many single mothers have a
difficult time finding full-time, full-year employment. In 2003, each month an estimated
3 million single mothers were without work, compared to 2.6 million in 2000. 4 Singleparent families tend to have much lower incomes than two-parent families. In addition,
there are also many negative effects on the children. Parental absence negatively affects
child and youth well-being, educational attainment, behavior, and psychological well-being. Young children are less likely to exhibit behavioral self-control and they are much
more likely to be exposed to high levels of aggravated parenting. 5
Definition
Children in One-Parent Households –
percentage of all families with “own
children” under age 18 living in the
household, who are headed by a
person – male or female – without a
spouse present in the home. “Own
children” are never-married children
under 18 who are related to the
householder by birth, marriage,
or adoption.
1 Parents Without Partners. Available at http://www.parentswithoutpartners.org/Support1.htm
2 Child Trends Databank. Available at http://www.childtrendsdatabank.org/indicators/59FamilyStructure.cfm
3 Child Trends Databank. Available at http://www.childtrendsdatabank.org/indicators/59FamilyStructure.cfm
4 Children’s Defense Fund. Available at http://www.childrensdefensefund.org/pressreleases/040303.aspx
5 Child Trends Databank. Available at http://www.childtrendsdatabank.org/indicators/59FamilyStructure.cfm
Children in One-Parent Families
Delaware Compared to U.S.
Percentage of Children (0–17) in One-Parent Families
40
35
30
Delaware
33.6
U.S.
30.9
25
20
15
10
5
0
8688
8789
8890
8991
9092
9193
9294
9395
9496
9597
9698
9799
9800
9901
0002
0103
0204
0305
Three-Year Periods
Source: Center for Applied Demography and Survey Research, University of Delaware
Did you know?
The poverty rate for children in families with two married parents is 8.2 percent, while the poverty
rate for children in single-parent families is four times higher at 35.2 percent.
Source The Heritage Foundation. Available at http://www.heritage.org/Research/Family/CDA02-04.cfm
KIDS COUNT in Delaware
85
Children in
One-Parent Families
Births to Single Mothers
Delaware and U.S.
45
39.8
Percentage of Birth to Single Mothers
40
35
Delaware
33.7
30
25
U.S.
20
15
10
5
0
8690
8791
8892
8993
9094
9195
9296
9397
9498
9599
9600
9701
9802
9903
Five-Year Periods
Delaware, Counties, and Wilmington
75
69.0
70
Wilmington*
Percentage of Birth to Single Mothers
65
60
55
47.6
50
45
40
35
30
40.0
Sussex
37.6
Kent
25
8690
New Castle
8791
8892
8993
9094
Delaware: 39.8
9195
9296
9397
9498
Five-Year Periods
Sources: Delaware Health Statistics Center, National Health Statistics Center
9599
9600
9701
9802
9903
* Wilmington data not available prior
to the 1987–1991 period.
Did you know?
• The percentage of men and women who are married declined modestly between 1991 and
2001. This trend was also evident among parents: 92 percent of resident fathers were married in
1991, compared to 88 percent in 2001; 75 percent of resident mothers were married in 1991,
compared to 72 percent in 2001
• While marriage has declined slightly, cohabitation has increased. Eleven percent of unmarried
men cohabitated in 1991, rising to 13 percent in 2001. During the same period, the percentage
of unmarried women who were cohabitating increased from 8 percent to 11 percent. Overall,
40 percent of all cohabitating relationships involve parents with children in the home.
• Men and women differ on whether one parent can bring up a child as well as two parents
together. In 1994, 42 percent of women agreed that one parent can bring up a child just as
effectively as two parents together, compared to just 26 percent of men.
Source: Child Trends. Available at http://www.childtrends.org/Files/ParenthoodRpt2002.pdf
86
KIDS COUNT in Delaware
Births to Single Mothers
Delaware by Race and Hispanic Origin
75
70
65
71.1
Black
Percentage of Birth to Single Mothers
60
55.0
55
Hispanic*
50
45
40
30.0
35
30
25
20
White
15
10
5
0
8690
Delaware: 39.8
8791
8892
8993
9094
9195
9296
9397
9498
9599
9600
9701
9802
9903
Five-Year Periods
Source: Delaware Health Statistics Center
Living Arrangements
for Delaware Children
Own Children in Married-Couple
or Single-Parent Families
by Race and Hispanic Origin, 2000 Census
White Married Couple Family – 80.1%
White
Single-Parent Family – 19.9%
Black Married Couple Family – 42.5%
Black Single-Parent Family –
57.5%
Hispanic Married Couple Family –
65.5%
Hispanic Single-Parent Family – 34.5%
Asian Married Couple Family – 90.2%
Asian Single-Parent Family – 9.8%
Source: Population Reference Bureau, analysis of data from
U.S. Census Bureau, 2000 Census Summary File
* Hispanic data not available prior to the 1989–1993 period.
Percentage of Births
to Single Mothers
in Delaware by County, Age, and Race
Five-year Average, 1998–2002
38.9% of all births in Delaware
36.7% of births to women in New Castle Co.
39.2% of births to women in Kent Co.
46.6% of births to women in Sussex Co.
68.5% of births to women in Wilmington
89.6% of births to teenagers
63.1% of births to women 20-24 years old
26.8% of births to women 25-29 years old
14.8% of births to women 30+ years old
For more information see
38.9% of births in Delaware
33.3% of births in
Did you know?
The percentage of employed single mothers rose by 11 percent in the late 1990’s, but
following 2000 there was a three year decline.
In 2003, an estimated 69.7 percent of single
mothers were employed full-time, full-year.
Source: Children’s Defense Fund. Available at http://www.childrens
defensefund.org/pressreleases/040303.aspx
the U.S.
Tables 6-7
p. 122
Table 60
Tables 67–74
p. 153
p. 157–160
28.5% of births to White women in Delaware
www.singlerose.com
27.3% of births to White women in the U.S.
www.makinglemonade.com
71.8% of births to Black women in Delaware
www.parentswithoutpartners.org
68.6% of births to Black women in the U.S.
www.singlefather.org
52.9% of births to Hispanic women Delaware
www.urban.org
42.5% of births to Hispanic women in the U.S.
Delaware Average 38.9%
Source: Delaware Health Statistics Center
www.promisingpractices.net
www.nationalpartnership.org
http://www.grandsplace.com/
gp8/de.html
KIDS COUNT in Delaware
87
Children in
One-Parent Families
Families with Children by Household Structure
2000
Delaware
Male Headed
Households
w/Children
7%
Female Headed
Households
with Children
26%
Married Couples
with Children
67%
New Castle County
Male Headed
Households
w/Children
7%
Female Headed
Households
with Children
Wilmington
Male Headed
Households
w/Children
8%
Female Headed
Households
with Children
26%
Married Couples
with Children
67%
Married Couples
with Children
40%
Kent County
Male Headed
Households
w/Children
8%
Female Headed
Households
with Children
52%
Sussex County
Male Headed
Households
w/Children
8%
26%
Married Couples
with Children
66%
Female Headed
Households
with Children
26%
Married Couples
with Children
66%
Source: Population Reference Bureau, analysis of data from U.S. Census Bureau, 2000 Census Summary File 1
The National Conference of State Legislatures offers things states can do to help
low-income fathers. These include:
• Develop a statewide strategy.
• Determine how state institutions involve or deter fathers.
• Facilitate programmatic support, such as TANF.
• Use state institutions as a connection point to refer fathers to needed employment and
parenting services.
• Use employment as a mechanism to get fathers involved with programs.
• Identify ways to assist child support agencies to include service delivery along with costrecovery efforts.
• Establish flexible policies regarding charging interest, establishing support order
amounts .
• Use voluntary paternity establishment at birth to connect fathers with parenting and
employment services.
• Eliminate stereotypes that low-income fathers do not care about their children.
Source: National Conference of State Legislatures. Available at http://www.ncsl.org/statefed/welfare/10things.htm
88
KIDS COUNT in Delaware
Median Income of Families with Children
by Family Type
Delaware and U.S.
75
$70,748
Median Income in Thousands of U.S. Dollars
of Households with Children under 18 by Family Type
70
65
$65,576
60
55
50
45
Delaware 2-Parent
40
35
30
$27,715
U.S. 2-Parent
25
20
Delaware 1-Parent
$21,512
15
10
5
U.S. 1-Parent
0
8688
8789
8890
8991
9092
9193
9294
9395
9496
9597
9698
9799
9800
9901
0002
0103
0204
0305
Three-Year Periods
Source: Center for Applied Demography and Survey Research, University of Delaware
Grandparents Living with Grandchildren
Delaware, Counties, and Wilmington, 2000
Grandparents living with
grandchildren under 18 years
Grandparents responsible
for their grandchildren
Delaware
New Castle
Kent
Sussex
Wilmington
16,689
10,752
2,793
3,144
2,584
7,204
4,298
1,397
1,509
1,118
Source: 2000 Census
CARE Delaware Grandparent/Older Relative Caregiver Programs
CARE Delaware supports older relatives raising children age 18 and younger.
Caregiver Resource Centers include helpful materials for these caregivers.
In addition, CARE Delaware provides a number of respite opportunities for grandparents
and other relative caregivers who are aged 60 or over. These respite programs include:
For more information see
Tables 6–7
p. 122
Table 60
p. 153
• Grand Time Off, a respite program that provides supervised activities for children
statewide.
Tables 67–74
• Camp Respite, a summer camp program that provides recreation for kids at their local
YMCA and gives a break to grandparents and other relative caregivers.
www.makinglemonade.com
• School Holiday Camp Respite, a camp program, like Camp Respite, offered at various
YMCA’s during winter and spring breaks.
To read more about these programs that support grandparents and other relative caregivers, please visit the Respite Options for Relative Caregivers at www.dhss.delaware.
gov/dhss/dsaapd/respiteoptions.html.
p. 157–160
www.singlerose.com
www.parentswithoutpartners.org
www.singlefather.org
www.urban.org
www.promisingpractices.net
www.nationalpartnership.org
http://www.grandsplace.com/
gp8/de.html
Source: Delaware Health and Social Services. Available at www.dhss.delaware.gov/dhss/dsaapd/caregrand.html
KIDS COUNT in Delaware
89
Children in
112.01
One-Parent Families
118
135.03
117
135.01
116
108
136.12
136.11
137
143
140
142
141
147.03
105
24
122
123
125
150
161
163.01
126
25
163.03
107
7
8
18
19
129
Census tracts ranked by percentage
of households with related children
that are female headed. A household
is defined as one or more people occupying a housing unit as their usual
place of residency. A female-headed
household has no husband present.
Related children include one’s own
children and all people under the age
of 18 in the household who are related
to the householder by birth, marriage
or adoption.
2
5
6.01
6.02
10
15
16
9
22
21 1
26
17
27
20
162
149.04
3
4
11
14
23
154
152
155
156
160
151
148.05 148.06
117
13
120
149.05
149.03
148.08
110
12
138
139.02
147.06
148.07
Female-headed households with related children by census tract
Delaware, 2000
107
139.01
147.05
147.02
109
101.01
102
103 101.02
104
111
124
149.02
148.03
145.02
144.04
144.02
144.03
145.01
113
130
127
136.08 136.09
163.02
136.10
133 131
Female-Headed Households
112.0
3
5 112
.04
2
121
136.13 134
132
136.07
136.04
112.06
115 114
119
135.04
112.0
2
112.0
158
159
164.02
164.01
1
2.0
40
166.02
166.03
402.03
402.02
404
401
166.01
407
418.01
166.04
419
409
414
415
422.01
421
412
416
411
417.01 417.02
422.02
169.02
404
410
413
418.02
411
168.02
168.01
408
418.01
410
418.02
420
405
406
405
422.01
424
427
428
169.01
426
425
430
429
431
501.03
501.01
503.01
501.02
502
503.02
508.01
508.03
504.01
Similar to Delaware average
Better than Delaware average
Significantly better than Delaware average
(best quintile of Delaware census tracts)
517.01
506.02
507.02
513.01
515
513.02
517.02
514
512
.03
KIDS COUNT in Delaware
519
506.01
513
For detailed information on census tracts see:
http://factfinder.census.gov
510.02
511
507.01
504.03
518.01
508.02
505.02
504.04
518.02
Worse than Delaware average
505.01
510.03
510.01
Significantly worse than Delaware average
(worst quintile of Delaware census tracts)
504.02
Key
90
509
513.04
Female-Headed Families in Poverty
There are significant economic consequences dependent on family type. U.S. Census
reports for 2000 show that poverty rates were highest among female-headed families with
children under age 18. In 1999, 27 percent of all female-headed families with children
under the age of 18 were living below the poverty line. The poverty rate for single femaleheaded families is three times higher than single male-headed families and six times
higher than two-parent headed families. Unfortunately, the number and proportion of
single female-headed families is on the rise. In 2000, there were 7.6 million single femaleheaded families in the U.S., up from 6 million in 1990.
Source: U.S. Census Department. Available at http://www.census.gov/hhes/www/poverty/poverty.html
Female-Headed Families in Poverty
Delaware Compared to U.S.
50
Percentage Families in Poverty
with Single Female Head and Children Under 18
45
U.S.
40
33.1
35
30
25
Delaware
20.0
20
15
10
5
0
8991
9092
9193
9294
9395
9496
9698
9597
9799
9800
9901
0002
0103
0204
0305
Three-Year Periods
Median Income of Single-Female-Headed
Families with Children under 18
Delaware Compared to U.S.
Median Income in Thousands of U.S. Dollars
of Single Female-Headed Families with Children under 18
28
26
$25,797
24
22
20
$20,091
18
16
14
Delaware
12
10
8
U.S.
For more information see
6
Table 70 – 73
4
www.nccp.org
2
www.childstats.gov
0
8991
p. 159 –160
www.nncc.org
9092
9193
9294
9395
9496
9597
9698
9799
9800
9901
0002
0103
0204
www.voicesforamericaschildren.org
Three-Year Periods
Source: Center for Applied Demography and Survey Research, University of Delaware
KIDS COUNT in Delaware
91
Child Support
Since the 1980’s child support has been considered part of the solution for reducing welfare dependency and increasing self-reliance among low-income families. 1 In 2003, 17.
6 million children under the age of 18 received child support. Thirty-six percent of these
families fell below the federal poverty level as classified by the U.S Census. For some of
these families, the money received from child support can be up to 35 percent of the total
family income, representing the single largest source of income. 2 For children living in
poverty, child support is even more significant. Only 60 percent of all single parent families receive monthly child support due to an array of difficulties, such as paternity tests
and obtaining a child support order from family court. 3
1 Child Support Reforms in PRWORA: Initial Impacts (2002). The Urban Institute. Available at www.urban.org/Uploadedpdf/410421_discussion02-02.pdf
2 Children’s Defense Fund. Available at http://www.childrensdefense.org/familyincome/childsupport/default.aspx
3 Child Support Reforms in PRWORA: Initial Impacts (2002). The Urban Institute. Available at www.urban.org/Uploadedpdf/410421_discussion02-02.pdf
Current Child Support Owed that Is Paid
Delaware Compared to U.S.
65
Percent of Child Support Owed that Is Paid
60.5
60
Delaware
59.0*
55
50
U.S.
45
40
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
Fiscal Years
99
00
01
02
03
04
05
* U.S. Data for FY05 is not yet available
Source: Division of Child Support Enforcement
Child Support Collections
Gross Child Support Receipts/Collections
in Millions of Dollars
Delaware
For more information see
Table 74
90
80
$89,637,747.
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
92
Delaware
93
94
95
96
Source: Division of Child Support Enforcement
97
98
99
Fiscal Years
00
01
02
03
04
05
p. 160
www.acf.dhhs.gov/programs/cse/
www.dhss.delaware.gov/dhss/
dcse/index.html
www.connectforkids.org
Did you know?
In 2002, 1 of 4 children lived with one parent. Ninety percent of non-residential parents are fathers. 1
Non-residential mothers are less likely to pay child support whether court ordered or not. However,
non-residential mothers are more likely to see their children on a regular basis. 2
1 Children’s Defense Fund. Available at http://www.childrensdefense.org/familyincome/childsupport/default.aspx
2 National Survey of America’s Families (1997). The Urban Institute. Available at http://www.urban.org/Content/Research/NewFederalism/NSAF/Overview/NSAFOverview.htm
92
KIDS COUNT in Delaware
Health Care Coverage
Health care coverage is an important indicator of child and family well-being. Uninsured
people receive less preventive care, are diagnosed at more advanced disease stages, and are
often less likely to receive therapeutic care than those with health care coverage. Mortality
rates among the uninsured could be reduced by 10-15 percent if they had health care coverage. Health care coverage for the uninsured would improve their annual earnings by about
20 percent and increase their educational attainment. 1 Health care coverage increases a
child’s chance at having a regular source of health care and decreases their probability of receiving late or no care for health problems, which can influence school attendance and participation. 2 In 2004, more than 9 million children did not have regular health care coverage,
and 6 million of those children were eligible for Medicaid or SCHIP but were not enrolled. 3
1 The Kaiser Foundation. Available at http://www.kff.org/uninsured/
2 The Child Trends Databank. Available at http://www.childtrendsdatabank.org/indicators/26HealthCareCoverage.cfm
3 American Academy of Pediatrics. Available at http://www.aap.org/advocacy/washing/PDF/CHCC.pdf
Lack of Health Care Coverage
Delaware Compared to U.S.
Percentage Persons (0–64) without Health Insurance
20
18
U.S.
17.5
16
14
Delaware
12
13.4
10
8
6
4
2
0
8688
8789
8890
8991
9092
9193
9294
93- 94- 95- 9695
96
97
98
Three-Year Periods
9799
9800
9901
0002
0103
0204
0305
Source: Center for Applied Demography and Survey Research, University of Delaware
Did you know?
• In Delaware, 62% of residents have health insurance through their employers; 13% are on Medicare; 12% on Medicaid; 3% have individual coverage; and 11% are uninsured. 1
• U.S. Census Bureau reports that 8 out of 10 uninsured children come from working families,
three quarters of which do not have health care coverage offered through their employer. 2
• More than 30% of U.S. children are enrolled in Medicaid and they represent over half of the total
population that Medicaid serves, yet children only account for 23% of overall Medicaid spending. 3
• In Delaware in 2001, approximately 16,000 children (7.8%) did not have health insurance. 4
1
The Kaiser Foundation. Available at http://www.statehealthfacts.kff.org
For more information see
2&3 American Academy of Pediatrics. Available at http://www.aap.org/advocacy/washing/PDF/CHCC.pdf
Table 31
p. 137
4
Table 79
p. 162
U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey. Available at http://www.census.gov/prod/2003pubs/p60-224.pdf
www.familiesusa.org
The Delaware Insurance Department offers services and information for people
interested in obtaining a variety of insurances. This information can be obtained
at: http://www.state.de.us/inscom/default.shtml or call the toll-free number:
1-800-282-8611.
www.state.de.us/dhcc
www.cms.gov
KIDS COUNT in Delaware
93
Child Abuse and Neglect
Child abuse is the maltreatment or neglect of a child that results in any non-accidental
harm or injury and which cannot be reasonably explained. 1 The various types of child
abuse include physical, emotional, sexual, and neglect. Neglect is the most common form
of abuse. More than 60 percent of confirmed abuse reports involve negligence of a parent,
19 percent involve physical abuse, 10 percent involve sexual abuse, and about 5 percent
involve emotional abuse. Unfortunately, children under the age of four account for 79
percent of all reported abuse cases. 2
Abuse can cause many problems for children. A 1992 study sponsored by the National
Institute of Justice (NIJ) found that maltreatment during childhood increases the likelihood of a juvenile arrest by 53 percent, arrest as an adult by 38 percent, and arrest as an
adult for a violent crime by 38 percent. 3 In addition, depression, illness, impaired growth,
learning difficulties, drug problems, and even suicide are all possible consequences of
childhood abuse. In 2003, about 3 million cases were reported, of that 900,000 were
confirmed. A child is abused or neglected in the U.S. every 35 seconds. However only
57.1 percent of children who had confirmed abuse or neglect cases received any postinvestigation services. 4
1 National Exchange Club Foundation. Available at http://www.preventchildabuse.com
2 National Clearinghouse on Child Abuse and Neglect Information, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Available at http://nccanch.acf.hhs.gov
3 National Exchange Club Foundation. Available at http://www.preventchildabuse.com
4 Children’s Defense Fund. Available at http://www.childrensdefense.org/childwelfare/abuse/default.aspx
Child Abuse & Neglect
Number of Accepted Reports and Substantiated Cases
Number of Accepted Reports and Substantiated Cases, Delaware
7
5,797
6
5
4
Accepted Reports
3
2
Substantiated Cases
1
0
93
1,325
94
95
96
97
98
99
00
01
02
03
04
05
Fiscal Years
Source: Delaware Department of Services for Children, Youth and Their Families
Did you know?
• Approximately 80 percent of all abusers are parents and about 6 percent are other relatives.
Mothers (58%) are more often the perpetrator than fathers (42%). 1
• An overwhelming percentage of abuse cases involve White families, 54.3 percent. African American families have the next highest percentage at 26.4, followed by Alaskan/Native American at
1.85 percent, and Asian/Pacific Islander at 1.4 percent. 2
• Children from families with a household income of below $15,000 are twenty-two times more
likely to be abused or neglected than children from families with annual incomes are over
$30,000. 3
1 National Exchange Club Foundation. Available at http://www.preventchildabuse.com
2 Child Trends Databank. Available at http://www.childtrends.org
3 Children’s Defense Fund. Available at http://www.childrensdefense.org/childwelfare/abuse/default.aspx
94
KIDS COUNT in Delaware
Child Abuse Accepted Reports
Delaware
Children with Accepted Reports of Abuse and Neglect
per 1,000 Children Ages Birth to 17
45
40
35
Accepted Reports
in Delaware
33.8
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
98
99
00
01
02
03
04
05
Fiscal Years
Source:Delaware Department of Services for Children, Youth and Their Families
Child Abuse Substantiated Cases
Children with Substantiated Reports of Abuse
and Neglect per 1,000 Children Ages Birth to 17
Delaware
15
10
Substantiated
Cases in Delaware
9.3
5
0
98
99
00
01
02
03
05
04
Fiscal Years
Source:Delaware Department of Services for Children, Youth and Their Families
Types of Abuse and Neglect
Delaware, Fiscal Year 2005
Types of Abuse
and Neglect
Sex Abuse
13%
Dependency
12%
Neglect
44%
Abuse
(except sexual)
31%
Number of
Substantiated Cases
For more information see
Abuse (except sexual)
408
Table 18
p. 131
Neglect
588
Table 32
p. 137
Table 76
p. 161
Sexual Abuse
168
Dependency
161
Total Substantiated Cases:
1,325
www.preventchildabuse.org
www.childtrendsdatabank.org/
indicators/40childmaltreatment.cfm
To report suspected abuse or
neglect: 1-800-292-9582
Source:Delaware Department of Services for Children, Youth and Their Families
KIDS COUNT in Delaware
95
Foster Care
Foster care placements peaked in the U.S. in 1999 with almost 570,000 placements. This
number has generally declined in recent years. In 2003, there were about 523,000 foster
care placements. Children are placed in foster care when court ordered, or when a child
protective services worker deems the home unsafe for the child. Although it is necessary to
remove a child from an unsafe home, children often face numerous challenges resulting
from the removal. Foster care children are more likely to have high levels of emotional
and behavioral problems. One study found that almost 60 percent of children ages 2
months to 2 years old who were placed in foster care had a high risk for developmental
delay or neurological impairment. Additionally, children’s school work suffers as a result
of removal and they are more likely to be expelled or suspended from school and often
show a low level of school involvement. 1 ‘Permanency planning’ is the decision-making process about a child’s future in foster care. Most states aim to reunite the family or
place the child with a relative. Almost two-thirds of children in the foster care system are
reunited with their parents. 2 Nearly 20 percent of foster care children will wait for five
years or more for a permanent placement. Children go through an average of three placements before finding a permanent home, or they age out of foster care. 3 Children who age
out of the system often have accumulated problems that they carry into adulthood. 4
1 Child Trends Databank. Available at http://www.childtrendsdatabank.org/indicators/12fostercare.cfm
2 American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. Available at http://www.aacap.org/publications/factsfam/64.htm
3 AFCARS Report #10. National Adoption and Foster Care Statistics, Administration for Children and Families, U.S. Department of Health and Human
Services. Available at http://www.acf.dhhs.gov/programs/cb/publications/afcars/report10.htm
4 Child Trends Databank. Available at http://www.childtrendsdatabank.org/indicators/12fostercare.cfm
Foster Care
Delaware
Average Number of Children per Month in Foster Care
1,000
950
900
850
800
754
750
700
Delaware
650
600
550
500
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
00
01
02
03
04
05
Fiscal Years
Source: Delaware Department of Services for Children, Youth and Their Families, Division of Family Services
Table 77
p. 161
www.state.de.us/kids/fs/fostercare.
shtml
Source: Delaware Department of Services for Children,
Youth, and Their Families
96
KIDS COUNT in Delaware
Out-of-Home Care
Children in Out-of-Home
Care per 1,000 Children
For more information see
In Delaware, as in other states,
as foster care children are
adopted by their foster care
parents, the adoptive parents are
no longer available to be foster parents. So
every year, more foster families are needed
to help children. For information contact
DSCYF at 1-800-464-4357 or email them
at foster_care.dscyf@state.de.us
Delaware
9
8
7
Delaware
6
6.4
5
4
98
99
00
01
02
03
04
05
Fiscal
Years for Children,
Source: Delaware Department
of Services
Youth and Their Families, Division of Family Services
Juvenile Delinquents in Out-of-Home Care
Juvenile delinquency refers to any antisocial offense in violation of state, federal, or local
law by a person under the age of 18. In 2002 in the U.S., arrests of juvenile delinquents
were the lowest since 1987. 1 However, it is estimated that fewer than half of all serious
violent crimes committed by juveniles are reported to the appropriate law enforcement
officers. 2 An estimated 60 percent of juveniles who are serving time in a juvenile facility
have mental health problems, compared to 20 percent of the total adolescent population.
Over the years, the number of female juvenile offenders has been on the rise. In 2002, 29
percent of juvenile offenders were female. Mostly, girls are brought into the juvenile justice
system as runaways or for other status offenses (offenses not considered illegal for adults).
In 2001, Black* males were four times more likely than White* males to be arrested, and
seven times more likely to be arrested than Asian males. 3
During the late 80’s and 90’s the U.S. experienced a rise in juvenile crime. In response, policies were enacted which increased the number of juveniles who are being tried and convicted
as adults. There are many issues that arise when juveniles are treated as adults in the justice
system. A 1996 Florida study found that juveniles who were transferred to adult prisons had
30 percent higher recidivism rates than those who remained in juvenile facilities. 4
* Black refers here to non-Hispanic Black and White to non-Hispanic White.
1 Juvenile Justice Bulletin, September 2004. U.S. Department of Justice. Available at http://www.ojp.usdoj.gov/ojjdp
2 Public Broadcasting System. Available at http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/fronline/shows/juvenile/stats/basic.html
3 Child Trends Databank. Available at http://www.childtrendsdatabank.org/delinquency.cfm
4 Public Broadcasting System. Available at http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/fronline/shows/juvenile/stats/basic.html
Juvenile Delinquents in Out-of-Home Care
Delaware
6
Juvenile Delinquents in Out-of-Home Care
per 1,000 Youth Ages 10–17
5
Delaware
4
3.6
3
2
1
0
96
97
98
99
00
01
02
03
04
05
Source: Delaware Department of Services for Children, Youth and Their Families, Division of Youth Rehabilitative Services
Did you know?
The Division of Youth Rehabilitative Services (DYRS) provides secure care incarceration at
• The New Castle County Detention Center (NCCDC), a 64-bed facility in Wilmington
• The William Marion Stevenson House Detention Center, a facility for 55 youth in Milford
• The Ferris School for Boys, a facility for 80 males in Wilmington. The average length of stay for
juveniles is six months, and is followed by a six-week transition program at Mowlds Cottage.
For more information see
Table 78
p. 161
www.edjj.org
http://www.state.de.us/kids/yrs/
yrs_MainPage/yrs.shtml
• Grace and Snowden Cottage residential treatment programs offer after care and transition services.
Source: State of Delaware website. Available at www.state.de.us/kids/yrs/yrs_MainPage/yrs.shtml
KIDS COUNT in Delaware
97
Home Ownership
A major component of the American dream is home ownership. Since the early 90’s home
ownership rates had steadily increased, after experiencing a slight drop during the late
1980’s. Research has linked ownership of assets – cash, bonds, stocks, and home equity,
with better educational attainment, increased civic participation, and more positive
health outcomes. The Internal Revenue Service provides numerous incentives to homeowners. Homeowners may be able to deduct their mortgage interest and property taxes.
However, of the more than $300 billion of federal tax expenditures that subsidize asset
building, one third goes to the top one percent of households, or people who make at least
$1 million a year. The bottom 60 percent of families in the U.S. accounts for less than 5
percent of these indirect subsidies. 1
There are huge disparities in home ownership among minorities and female-headed
households. The U.S. Census Bureau reported that 75.6 percent of Whites* own homes,
compared to 48 percent of Blacks*, and 49.2 percent of Hispanics of any race. 2
In Delaware in 2001, Governor Minner established the Governor’s Task Force for Financial
Independence. In 2004, Delaware’s home ownership rate of 77.3 was the third highest in
the nation. 3
* Whites refers here to non-Hispanic Whites and Blacks to non-Hispanic Blacks.
1 Fannie Mae Foundation. Available at http://www.fanniemaefoundation.com/programs/hff/v7i2-index.shtml
2 U.S. Census Bureau. Available at http://www.census.gov/hhes/www/housing/hvs/hvs.html
3 U.S. Census Bureau’s Annual Housing Vacancy Survey
Home Ownership
Delaware Compared to U.S.
Percentage of Households Owned by Occupant
80
77.3
75
Delaware
70
69.0
65
U.S.
60
55
50
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
97
96
Years
98
99
00
01
02
03
04
Source: U.S. Census Bureau Housing Vacancy Survey
For more information see
Table 75
p. 161
www.hud.gov
www.housingforall.org
www.hud.gov/buying/index.cfm
www.fanniemaefoundation.org
http://www2.state.de.us/dsha
98
KIDS COUNT in Delaware
For information on home ownership, contact the Philadelphia HUD Home ownership Center. HUD Home ownership Centers insure single family FHA mortgages
and oversee the selling of HUD homes. The Philadelphia Home ownership Center
serves the states of Delaware, Connecticut, District of Columbia, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Vermont, Virginia, and West Virginia. Contact U.S. Department of
Housing and Urban Development, Philadelphia Home ownership Center, The Wanamaker
Building, 100 Penn Square East, Philadelphia PA 19107-3389, Phone: (800) 440-8647
Domestic Violence
Domestic violence is the leading cause of injury for women ages 14 –55. 1 In 2004, as
reported by the Delaware State Bureau of Identification, there were 24,477 domestic violence incidents. Over three-fourths of reported incidents involved a woman as the victim,
18 percent of the incidents resulted in injury, and 48 percent involved intimate partners. 2
However, most intimate partner victimizations are not reported to the police. Only about
1/5 of rapes, 1/4 of physical assaults, and 1/2 of stalkings perpetrated against female respondents by intimates are reported to the police. 3 Approximately half of female domestic
violence victims live in homes with children under the age of 12. 4 Research has shown
that child abuse occurs in 30–60 percent of all domestic violence cases that occur in
families with children. 5 In a survey of more than 6,000 American families, half of the men
who frequently assaulted their wives also regularly abused their children. Additionally, it
is estimated that in an average year between 3.3 and 10 million children witness some
form of domestic violence in their home. 6 In October 2005, with the assistance of Senator
Joseph Biden, the U.S. senate reauthorized the Violence Against Women Act of 2005 (VAWA)
by unanimous consent. For over 10 years, VAWA has been strengthening local communities
and providing crucial, life-saving support to domestic violence victims.
Child Present – A child is present at the
time of the incident, as reported by the
police.
Active PFA Order – Incidents in which
there are any active court orders such as
Custody, Protection from Abuse orders,
No Contact orders, or other court orders.
The Delaware Commission for Women, Delaware Department of Labor. Available at http://www.delawareworks.com/divisions/dcw/domestic.htm
Domestic Violence Coordinating Council Annual Report 2005. Available at http://www.dvcc.state.de.us/reports.html
Delaware Coalition Against Domestic Violence. Available at http://www.dcadv.org/08take_action/fact_sheet.html
Family Violence Prevention Fund. Available at http://endabuse.org/resources/facts/
Delaware Coalition Against Domestic Violence. Available at http://www.dcadv.org/08take_action/fact_sheet.html
Family Violence Prevention Fund. Available at http://endabuse.org/resources/facts/
Domestic Violence Injuries
Delaware
4,000
Domestic Violence Incidents Resulting in Injury
1
2
3
4
5
6
Definitions
Domestic Violence – The defendant or
victim in a family violence case may be
male or female, child or adult, or may be
of the same sex. Family violence is any
criminal offense or violation involving the
threat of physical injury or harm; act of
physical injury; homicide; sexual contact,
penetration or intercourse; property
damage; intimidation; endangerment,
and unlawful restraint.
3,500
3,000
2,888
Delaware
2,500
2,000
1,500
1,000
500
0
98
99
00
01
02
03
04
Years
Source: Domestic Violence Coordinating Council Annual Report 2005
Domestic Incident
Reports
Delaware, 2004
Criminal Only
16,139 reports
Combined Criminal
and Non-criminal
27,477 reports
Percent of Reports
with a Child Present
17.6%
Percent of Reports with an
Active Protection from Abuse
Court Order
4.0%
Source: Department of Public Safety, Division
of State Police
The Domestic Violence Coordinating
Council of Delaware offers an array
of services, including a personalized
safety plan for families in danger of
domestic violence.
More information from the Domestic Violence
Coordinating Council can be obtained by
calling 302-255-0405.
For 24-hour domestic violence hotlines
and shelters in
New Castle County call
302-762-6110;
Kent & Sussex Counties call 302-422-8058;
and for Spanish call
302-745-9874.
For more information see
www.dcadv.org/
www.stoptheviolence.org
KIDS COUNT in Delaware
99
Delaware Children Speak about
Family
A stable home and family life is vital to a child’s well-being. Strong families have several
characteristics. A caring attitude and appreciation for everyone has been identified as key
to developing a strong family. Strong families may experience an array of stressors but
they find ways to encourage and support one another. Commitment has also been identified as a component to family strength. Strong families value one another especially when
undergoing stress. Effective communication is another key to building a strong family.
For parents, being understanding can be very influential in developing healthy children.
Strong families work on developing supportive relationships among one another and also
with their community. Support from a variety of sources can be helpful during stressful
family times. Working as a family unit is another important component to building family strength. Effectively solving problems by using everyone’s participation demonstrates
the value everyone has to offer. Finally, strong families try to be flexible. The day-to-day
grind can be very trying on families, but with an openness to change these small tasks
can be easier to handle.
Source Department of Family and Child Development, University of Auburn. Available at http://www.humsci.auburn.edu/parent/strength/
Parents
I get along well
with my parents / guardians.
Delaware, 2005
Family Time
How much time do you spend on a school
day (before and after school) doing
things with your parents / guardians?
Delaware, 2005
5th Graders
Do not get along
with parents
4%
8th Graders
4 or more
hours
2–4 hours
Get along
with parents
most of the time
14%
Less than 1 hour
17%
24%
1–2 hours
96%
33%
8th Graders
11th Graders
Never/not often
5%
4 or more
hours
Get along
with parents
most of the time
None
13%
Sometime/
often
2–4 hours
13%
9%
37%
58%
None
14%
Less than 1 hour
1–2 hours
30%
34%
11th Graders
4%
Get along
with parents
most of the time
56%
100
KIDS COUNT in Delaware
Never/not often
Sometime/
often
40%
Source for all graphs on this page:
– 5th graders: 7,992 responses.
– 8th graders: 7,815 responses.
– 11th graders: 5,231 responses.
Delaware School Survey 2005, Center for Drug and
Alcohol Studies, University of Delaware
Talking to Parents
about Plans
Talking to Parents
about School
How often do you talk to either
of your parents about your future
education plans and career plans?
How often do you talk to either
of your parents about how things
are going at school?
Delaware, 2005
Delaware, 2005
8th Graders
8th Graders
Almost
everyday
Never
Never
13%
18%
Almost
everyday
Few times in
the past year
33%
23%
1–8 times
a month
Few times
in the past year
12%
1–8 times
a month
46%
41%
11th Graders
Almost
everyday
14%
11th Graders
Never
7%
17%
Never
Almost
everyday
Few times in
the past year
Few times
in the past year
12%
30%
20%
1–8 times
a month
1–8 times
a month
47%
56%
Source: 8th graders: 7,815 responses.
11th graders: 5,231 responses.
Delaware School Survey 2005, Center for Drug
and Alcohol Studies, University of Delaware
10%
Source: 8th graders: 7,815 responses.
11th graders: 5,231 responses.
Delaware School Survey 2005, Center for Drug
and Alcohol Studies, University of Delaware
Did you know?
• Research has shown that children with divorced parents have lower academic performance,
social achievement, and psychological adjustment than children with married parents. 1
• Some of the top family stressors as indicated by research include: no chance to unwind, uncompleted chores by children, and arguments among family members. 2
• Family stress is defined as any real or imagined imbalance between the demands on the family
and its ability to meet these demands. 3
• Both mothers and fathers have important roles to play in the growth and development of children. Research has shown that children in low-conflict marriages with both biological parents
present tend to be doing better on a variety of outcomes than children of other family structure. 4
1 Child Trends Databank. Available at http://www.childtrendsdatabank.org/family.cfm
2 Minnesota Family Strength Project. Available at http://access.minnesota.publicradio.org/features/9710_family/press_release.htm
3 National Agricultural Safety Database, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Available at http://www.cdc.gov/nasd/
4 Child Trends Databank. Available at http://www.childtrendsdatabank.org/family.cfm
KIDS COUNT in Delaware
101
Delaware Children Speak about
Family
Tobacco Use in the Home
Does anybody living in your home smoke cigarettes or tobacco? (Mark all that apply)
Delaware, 2005
60
Other Household member(s) – 6%
Brother(s) or Stepbrother(s) – 7%
Sister(s) or Stepsister(s) – 5%
No one – 56%
8th Graders
Mother or Stepmother – 24%
Other Household member(s) – 8%
Sister(s) or Stepsister(s) – 5%
Brother(s) or Stepbrother(s) – 7%
Father or Stepfather – 24%
Mother or Stepmother – 25%
No one – 52%
Other Household member(s) – 11%
5th Graders
Father or Stepfather – 22%
0
Sister(s) or Stepsister(s) – 3%
10
No one – 56%
20
Father or Stepfather – 24%
30
Mother or Stepmother – 23%
40
Brother(s) or Stepbrother(s) – 4%
50
11th Graders
Source: 5th graders: 7,992 responses. 8th graders: 7,815 responses. 11th graders: 5,231 responses.
Delaware School Survey 2005, Center for Drug and Alcohol Studies, University of Delaware
Talking with Parents about Drugs
Have either of your parents spoken with you about the risks of: (Mark all that apply)
Delaware, 2005
70
60
50
0
5th Graders
8th Graders
11th Graders
Source: 5th graders: 7,992 responses. 8th graders: 7,815 responses. 11th graders: 5,231 responses.
Delaware School Survey 2005, Center for Drug and Alcohol Studies, University of Delaware
For more information see
www.state.de.us/drugfree/data.htm
102
KIDS COUNT in Delaware
Using other drugs – 48%
Using marijuana – 59%
Drinking alcohol – 65%
Using tobacco products – 60%
Using other drugs – 48%
Using marijuana – 51%
Drinking alcohol – 56%
Using tobacco products – 53%
10
Using marijuana – 54%
20
Drinking alcohol – 65%
30
Using tobacco products – 66%
40
COMMUNITY ENVIRONMENT
& RESOURCES
Child Care .......................................... 104
Juvenile Violent Crime Arrests ............. 106
Gambling ........................................... 108
Unemployment ................................... 110
Adult Crime ........................................ 112
Delaware Children Speak
about Community .......................... 113
KIDS COUNT in Delaware
103
Child Care
Every day in the U.S., 13 million preschool children are in child care arrangements,
24 million school-age youth are in need of after-school programs, and an estimated
5 million youth are without any adult supervision during out-of-school time. Most of
today’s children will spend more time in child care and after-school programs than in
formal education. 1 Child care in the U.S. has become widely used by parents. In 2005,
60-70 percent of children younger than the age of six regularly attended some type of outof-home child care or early childhood program. 2 Over the past several decades, more and
more children are spending time in the care of adults who are not their parents. In 1975,
34 percent of mothers with children under the age of three were employed, compared to
61 percent of mothers in 2000. Almost 80 percent of mothers with children ages six to 13
are employed. 3 There currently exists no research that provides an indication that child
care is better or worse than being cared for only by a parent. However, there is evidence
that the quality of child care is important. A study released in 1999 found that children in
high quality child care demonstrated greater mathematical ability, greater thinking and
attention skills, and fewer behavioral problems than children in poorer quality care. 4
High quality child care includes a well-trained, stable, nurturing staff of caregivers in a
stimulating setting.
1 Cooperative State, Research, Education, and Extension Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture. Available at http://www.csrees.usda.gov/ProgView.
cfm?prnum=4278
2 Quality Early Education and Child Care From Birth to Kindergarten, American Academy of Pediatrics. Available at http://www.pediatrics.org/cgi/
content/full/115/1/187
3 The Future of Children. Available at http://www.futureofchildren.org/homepage2824/index.htm
4 Children’s Defense Fund. Available at http://www.childrensdefense.org/earlychildhood/childcare/child_care_basics_2005.pdf
Accredited Programs
Number of Accredited Programs by Accrediting
Organization*, Delaware and Counties, 2005
NAFCC
NAEYC
NAA
3
23
1
New Castle
2
21
0
Kent / Sussex
1
1
1
Delaware
Child Care and
School Age Programs
Delaware and Counties, 2005
Total
School Age Site-Based*
Child Care Programs in Schools
Delaware
2,045
1,754
86%
New Castle
1,273
1,076
85%
Kent / Sussex
772
678
88%
* NAFCC is the National Association for Family Child
Care Providers
* NAEYC is the National Association for the Education
of Young Children
* NAA is the National After-School Alliance
* Percent of school age child cares in public elementary
schools
Source: The Family and Workplace Connection
Source: The Family and Workplace Connection
Did you know?
• Among children under the age of six, 75 percent of Black* children spend time in some sort
of non-parental childcare, compared to 62 percent of White* children, 47 percent of Hispanic
children, and 65 percent of children all other races. 1
• Full-day child care cost estimates range from $4,000 to $10,000 annually. However, a fourth of
families in the U.S. with young children make less than $25,000 a year. 2
• The U.S. military has created one of the largest comprehensive child care systems of its kind.
High-quality care is given to over 170,000 children a day, half of whom are under the age of 3. 3
• A Philadelphia study found that only 2 out of 10 childcare facilities were rated as good, with
the remaining locations adequate or inadequate. A national study found that over a third of the
programs rated were inadequate. 4
* Black refers here to non-Hispanic Black and White to non-Hispanic White.
1 Child Trends Databank. Available at http://www.childtrendsdatabank.org
2 Children’s Defense Fund. Available at http://www.childrensdefense.org/earlychildhood/childcare/child_care_basics_2005.pdf
3 The Future of Children. Available at http://www.futureofchildren.org/homepage2824/index.htm
4 Children’s Defense Fund. Available at http://www.childrensdefense.org/earlychildhood/childcare/child_care_basics_2005.pdf
104
KIDS COUNT in Delaware
Available Child Care
Definitions
Delaware
Number of Licensed Child Care Slots in Thousands
55
50,061
50
45
37,878
40
35
30
Child Care Centers
11,406
15
10
5
0
90
Family Child Care Homes – 1 person
caring for no more than 6 children.
Large Family Child Care Homes – 2
people caring for 7–12 children.
Welfare Reform – The welfare reform
numbers refer to the number of children
in families who received Temporary Aid
to Needy Families (TANF) that year or
received TANF child care for one year
after leaving the TANF program.
Total Available
Child Care
25
20
Child Care Center – 13 or more children.
Increase in 2003 and 2004 reflects the
addition of child care centers providing
part time care.
Income Eligible – The income eligible
numbers reflect the working poor families
below 200% of poverty.
Family Child Care Homes
777
Large Family Child Care Homes
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
Years
99
00
01
02
03
04
05
Note: Data after 2003 reflects the addition of child care centers providing part time care
Source: Delaware Department of Services for Children, Youth and Their Families
Subsidized Child Care
Delaware
Number of Children Served per Month in Thousands
15
14,021
14
13
11,572
12
11
10
9
8
Total Subsidized
Child Care
7
6
5
Income Eligible
4
2,449
3
2
1
0
95
Welfare Reform
96
97
98
99
00
Fiscal Years
01
02
03
04
05
Source: Delaware Department of Health and Social Services, Division of Social Services
The Office of Child Care
Licensing of the Delaware
Department of Services
for Children, Youth, and
their Families offers numerous
resources to parents. Information is available by email at occl.
dscyf@state.de.us, or phone: New
Castle County: 302-892-5800; Kent
and Sussex Counties: 302-7395487 or toll-free 1-800-822-2236
The American Public Health
Association / American Academy
of Pediatrics recommends the
following child to childcare worker
ratios: 0 – 24 months: 3 to 1, 25 – 30 months:
4 to 1, 31 – 35 months: 5 to 1.
Ask a Potential Childcare Provider: What is
the worker / child ratio? What has been your
staff’s turnover the past year? Is your facility or
home licensed by the state? Am I able to drop
in at anytime?
For more information see
Tables 79–83
p. 162–163
www.afterschoolalliance.org
www.afterschool.gov
www.childcareaware.org
www.familiesandwork.org
KIDS COUNT in Delaware
105
Juvenile Violent Crime Arrests
There is very promising news to report about juvenile violent crime arrests. From 1994 to
2003, Violent Crime Index offenses fell by 48 percent. Year 2003 was the ninth consecutive year during which Violent Crime Index offenses dropped for juveniles. Additionally,
the juvenile arrest rate for violent crimes was the lowest it has been since 1980. The Violent Crime Index is made up of four charges – murder and non-negligent manslaughter,
forcible rape, robbery, and aggravated assault. The murder rate for juveniles has fallen 74
percent since its peak in the 1994. In 2003, juveniles were involved in an estimated 5 percent of all murder cases. In 1994, this rate was 10 percent. 1 These same decreases have
been witnessed in the state of Delaware. In 2002, there were an estimated 379 juvenile
arrests for violent crime; representing a reduction of almost 50 percent since 2000 when
an estimated 624 juveniles were arrested. 2
There is still debate over whether juveniles facing violent crime charges should be referred
to criminal court or to the juvenile justice system. In 2003, 20 percent of juvenile arrests
being processed in the juvenile justice system were handled in law enforcement agencies,
71 percent were referred to juvenile court, and 7 percent were referred directly to
criminal court. 3
1 Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention, U.S. Department of Justice. Available at http://www.ojjdp.ncjrs.org/index.html
2 Easy Access to FBI Arrest Statistics: 1994-2002. Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention, U.S. Department of Justice. Available at
http://ojjdp.ncjrs.org/ojstatbb/ezaucr/
3 Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention, U.S. Department of Justice. Available at http://www.ojjdp.ncjrs.org/index.html
Juvenile Violent Crime Arrests
Delaware
9
Violent Crime Arrest Rate per 1,000 Children 10–17
8
7.0
7
6
5
Delaware
4
3
2
1
0
8789
8890
8991
9092
9193
9294
94959395
96
97
Three Year Periods
9698
9799
9800
9901
0002
Source: Delaware Statistical Analysis Center
Did you know?
• Among all incidents of violent crimes involving juvenile offenders, 17 percent involved multiple
juveniles acting together and 15 percent involved juveniles and adults acting together.
• The majority of violent juvenile offenders are male. In 2003, 74 percent of juvenile violent crimes
involved a male perpetrator. However, among children younger than age two who were victims of
violent crime, 34 percent were victimized by female juvenile offenders.
Source: Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention, U.S. Department of Justice. Available at http://www.ojjdp.ncjrs.org/index.html
106
KIDS COUNT in Delaware
Juvenile Violent Crime Arrests
Delaware and Counties
10
Definition
Juvenile Violent Crime Arrest Rate –
number of arrests for violent crimes
per 1,000 children 10 –17; includes
homicide, forcible rape, robbery,
and aggravated assault
Violent Crime Arrest Rate per 1,000 Children 10–17
9
8
7
New Castle:
6
5
New Castle
Sussex
7.1
Sussex: 7.1
Kent:
7.0
4
3
Kent
2
1
0
8789
Delaware: 7.0
8890
8991
9092
9193
9294
93949595
96
97
Three Year Periods
9698
9799
9800
9901
0002
Source: Delaware Statistical Analysis Center
Juvenile Violence Arrests
Delaware
New Castle
Kent
Sussex
1995
Number of Juveniles Arrested
1996
1997
1998
1999
588
382
93
113
629
414
102
113
549
334
96
119
557
298
121
138
654
361
147
146
2000
2001
2002
627
378
123
126
621
409
98
114
559
371
100
88
Source: Delaware Statistical Analysis Center
Did you know?
Over the years, a variety of policies
have been implemented to combat
America’s threat of school shootings, but some of these policies can
have harmful consequences for
children. In Denton County, Texas,
a 13-year-old was asked to write a
scary Halloween story for a class
assignment. After writing about
a school shooting, the juvenile
received a passing grade on the
assignment, but was referred to the
school principal’s office. The police
were called and the teen spent six
days in jail before the courts ruled
that he had not actually committed
a crime.
Source Building Blocks for Youth. Available at
http://www.buildingblocksforyouth.org/issues/juvenilecrime/factsheet.html
Victims’ Voices Heard (VVH) is a mediation program that offers victims and victims’ survivors of severe violent offenses
the opportunity to confront the offender
face-to-face as a means of facilitating the healing
recovery process. VVH acts as an advocate on
the behalf of the victim, helping them through the
process and eventually arranges a safe and secure
environment for the meeting to take place. Meeting
with the offender can provide victims with the opportunity for personal insight, empowerment, and
structure for their grieving and healing. Victims also
have the opportunity to ask questions and receive
answers and insight, which only the offender can
provide. Victims’ Voices Heard is funded by the
U.S. Department of Justice through the Delaware
Criminal Justice Council. For more information on
Victims’ Voices Heard in Delaware, contact Victims’
Voices Heard, 1129 Airport Rd., Milford, DE
19663, 302-730-3678.
For more information see
Tables 85–95
p. 164 –168
www.pledge.org
www.ncdjjdp.org/cpsv
www.connectforkids.org
Source: Victims Voices Heard. Available at
http://www.victimsvoicesheard.org/
KIDS COUNT in Delaware
107
Gambling
Gambling has become an extremely popular activity in the U.S. over the past few years.
Approximately 2 million U.S. citizens suffer from pathological gambling according to
the DSM-III criteria, and 4 to 8 million U.S. citizens are classified as problem gamblers. 1
Recently many young people have developed gambling habits. Approximately 90 percent
of high school seniors report having placed a bet. 2 Research from Illinois showed that 80
percent of adolescents ages 12–17 have gambled in the last year and 35 percent gamble
on a weekly basis. 3 When asked why they gamble, most adolescents cite that they see their
parents or other adults close to them gamble. Families play cards, take trips to the race
track, buy lottery tickets as presents, or make family bets on football and other sports
without thinking about the message they are sending to young people. One study found
that a third of all parents knew that their children had been given lottery tickets as a present from a family member. 4 This can send the message that gambling is okay when it is
not. Teens tend to misuse gambling more than adults. An estimated 10–14 percent of adolescents are considered at risk for developing or returning to serious gambling problems.
A New Jersey study found that 6 percent of adolescents surveyed were classified as suffering from pathological gambling. Studies have shown that pathological gambling in teens is
linked with drug and alcohol abuse, truancy, low grades, gambling in parents, and illegal
activities to finance their habit. 5 Many parents are not aware that their children gamble.
Recently it was reported that although 40 percent of parents believed that their child had
placed a bet by age 11, over twice that amount (81 percent) had done so. 6
1 National Council on Problem Gambling. Available at http://www.ncgambling.org/about_problem/about_problem_faq.asp
2 North American Training Institute. Available at http://www.nati.org/articles/elizabeth_george/testimony.aspx
3 Illinois Institute for Addiction Recovery. Available at http://www.addictionrecov.org/youthgam.htm
4 Ladouceur et al. (1998) Parents Attitudes and Knowledge Regarding Gambling Among Youth. Journal of Gambling Studies, 14 (1), 83-90.
5 Proimos et al. (1998). Gambling and Other Risk Behaviors Among 8th- to 12th- Grade Students. Pediatrics, 102 (2), 1-6.
6 Illinois Institute for Addiction Recovery. Available at http://www.addictionrecov.org/youthgam.htm
Youth Gambling
Delaware, 2005
Past
week
Past
Past
month 5%
Past week
month 5%
11%
12%
Never
Past year,
Never
Past year,
55%
but not in
past month
50%
but not in
past month
29%
31%
Lifetime,
but not in past year
2%
8th Graders
11th Graders
Percent of 8th and 11th graders engaging in wagering activities more than once a month:
8th
11th
8th
11th
12%
8%
– dice games
7%
6%
– internet gambling
3%
3%
– playing cards
14% 14%
– betting on video games
– betting on team sports
11% 10%
– betting on games
of personal skill
12% 10%
Source: 8th graders: 7,815 responses. 11th graders: 5,231 responses.
Delaware School Survey 2005, Center for Drug and Alcohol Studies, University of Delaware
Did you know?
Pathological and problem gamblers are more likely than other gamblers or non-gamblers to have
been on welfare, declared bankruptcy, and to have been arrested or incarcerated. 8
Source: Gambling Impact and Behavior Study (1999), National Opinion Research Center. Available at http://www.norc.uchicago.edu/new/gamble.htm
108
KIDS COUNT in Delaware
Youth Gambling by Gender
Delaware, 2005
Definitions
Have gambled
in the past year
Have gambled
in the past year
40%
19%
Have not gambled
in the past year
Have not gambled
in the past year
60%
81%
8th Grade Males
Pathological Gambling – an impulse
control disorder associated with
gambling. It is characterized by
maladaptive gambling behavior
leading to negative personal, family,
and/or social consequences.
Problem Gambling – also called
Compulsive Gambling, an urge or
addiction to gamble despite harmful
negative consequences or a desire
to stop.
8th Grade Females
Have gambled
in the past year
15%
Have gambled
in the past year
48%
Have not gambled
in the past year
Have not gambled
in the past year
85%
52%
11th Grade Males
11th Grade Females
Source: 8th graders: 7,815 responses. 11th graders: 5,231 responses.
Delaware School Survey 2005, Center for Drug and Alcohol Studies, University of Delaware
Risk Behaviors Compared by Youth Gambling
Delaware, 2005
Percentage of 8th Graders
who Report Engaging in Activity
60
50
40
Gambled in
Past Year
43
30
32
10
60
50
40
29
17
15
14
Marijuana
Use
60
Did Not Gamble
in Past Year
Gambled in
Past Year
24
29
Alcohol
Use
Skipping
School
(whole day)
Shoplifting
Vandalism
79
48
32
34
32
25
19
10
0
14
12
6
Cigarette
Use
30
20
35
25
20
0
Percentage of 11th Graders
who Report Engaging in Activity
62
Did Not Gamble
in Past Year
12
Cigarette
Use
Marijuana
Use
Alcohol
Use
Skipping
School
(whole day)
Shoplifting
11
Vandalism
For more information see
www.ftc.gov/gamble
www.education.mcgill.ca/gambling/
www.delawareworks.com
Source: 8th graders: 7,815 responses. 11th graders: 5,231 responses.
Delaware School Survey 2005, Center for Drug and Alcohol Studies, University of Delaware
KIDS COUNT in Delaware
109
Unemployment
Delaware’s most recent unemployment rate for September 2005 was 4.1 percent. This is
a slight decrease over the past decade. 1 In 2004, 7.4 percent of U.S. families had a family
member who was unemployed at one point during the year. In 2004, 82.3 percent of families had at least one member employed; Asian families had the highest proportion with
89.3 percent, followed by Hispanic families with 86.7 percent, White families with 82.5
percent, and Black families with 78.1 percent. Only 72.0 percent of single-parent mothers
were employed in 2004, compared to 83.9 percent of single-parent fathers. Employment
rates for women whether married, unmarried, widowed, separated, or divorced have all
decreased since their most recent highs in 2002. 2 Parental employment status can have
direct effects on a child’s well-being. For example, secure parental employment is often
a key determinant in whether or not a child has health care coverage. 3 Parental employment reduces the incidence of poverty and the risks linked to living in poverty and is
associated with many positive child outcomes including better health, academic achievement, and financial well-being as an adult. 4 Additionally, secure parental employment
often enhances a child’s psychological well-being and reduces stress within the family. 5
1 Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor. Available at http://stats.bls.gov/
2 Employment Characteristics of Families in 2004, Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor. Available at http://www.bls.gov/news.release/
famee.nr0.htm
3 America’s Children: Key National Indicators of Well-Being 2005, Childstats.gov. Available at http://www.childstats.gov/americaschildren/index.asp
4 Child Trends Databank. Available at http://www.childtrendsdatabank.org/indicators/68ParentalEmployment.cfm
5 America’s Children: Key National Indicators of Well-Being 2005, Childstats.gov. Available at http://www.childstats.gov/americaschildren/index.asp
Unemployment
Delaware Compared to U.S.
9
8
Percentage Unemployed
7
6
U.S.
5.5
5
4
3
4.1
Delaware
2
1
0
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
Years
97
98
99
00
01
02
03
04
Sources: Delaware Department of Labor and U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics
Unemployment
Regional Comparison of
Unemployment Percentage, 2004
4.1
4.2
5.5
4.8
5.8
DE
MD
PA
NJ
NY
Source: State of Delaware, Department of Labor, Office
of Occupational and Labor Market Information
110
KIDS COUNT in Delaware
Unemployment
County Comparison of Unemployment
Percentage, Delaware, 2004
4.4
3.6
3.6
New Castle
Kent
Sussex
Source: State of Delaware, Department of Labor, Office
of Occupational and Labor Market Information
Unemployment
Delaware by Gender*
8
7
Percent ageUnemployed
6
4.0
5
Male
4
3
3.9
Female
2
1
0
Delaware: 4.1
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
00
01
02
03
04
Years
* Data for the Delaware total and data for Delaware by gender were taken from different data sources. The
apparent discrepancy is due to differences in methodology.
Delaware by Race
11
10
9
Black
Percentage Unemployed
8
6.1
7
6
5
4
3.5
3
White
2
1
Delaware: 4.1
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
Years
97
98
99
00
01
02
03
04
Sources: Delaware Department of Labor and U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics
The Office of Unemployment Insurance, a division of the Delaware Department
of Labor, offers an automated telephone information system that is available 24
hours, seven days a week. The Unemployment Insurance telephone number is:
New Castle County 761-6576, Kent & Sussex Counties 1-800-794-3032.
The telephone information service provides the following information:
• The closest unemployment insurance office to a home in Delaware
For more information see
• How to file a claim for benefits
Table 62
p. 155
• The date and amount of the last check issued to the unemployed person
Table 96
p. 169
• How a new employer registers with the Division of Unemployment Insurance
www.delawareworks.com
• How to claim a weekly unemployment insurance check using TeleBenefits.
KIDS COUNT in Delaware
111
Adult Crime
Approximately 75% of incarcerated women and 55% of incarcerated men are parents. The
Bureau of Justice Statistics estimates that 2.3 million children have a parent currently in
jail, up substantially up from 500,000 in 1990. From 1990 to 2000, the number of incarcerated mothers rose by 87%; and fathers by 61%. Seven percent of African American children.
2.6% of Hispanic children and 0.8% of White children have a parent in jail. Additionally,
6% of all women who enter jail are pregnant. 1 Many children of incarcerated parents
are very young with the average age only eight years. These children are exposed to many
risk factors as they go through traumatic separations from their parents. Shifts from one
caregiver to another can take a devastating toll on children. Additionally, most children
with incarcerated parents have lived their entire lives in poverty. This trend persists even
after the parents are released. Children with incarcerated parents often have emotional
and physical health problems. Approximately half of incarcerated parents do not see their
children on a regular basis. Phone calls and letters are quite common, but are limited in
terms of intimacy. 2 Approximately, 10 percent of children with incarcerated mothers and
two percent of children with incarcerated fathers are in foster care or an institution. 3
1 Child Welfare League of America. Available at http://www.cwla.org/programs/incarcerated/
2 Children with Parents in Prison: Child Welfare Policy, Program and Practice Issues, Child Welfare League of America. Available at http://www.cwla.
org/programs/incarcerated/so98jounalintor.htm
3 Child Welfare League of America. Available at http://www.cwla.org/programs/incarcerated/
Adult Violent Crime
Delaware
10
Violent Crime Arrest Rate per 1,000 Adults
9
Adults 18–39
8
7
6
5
4.8*
4
4.1
3
2
Adults 18 & over
1
0
87
88
89
Source: Statistical Analysis Center
For more information see
Table 97–98
p. 169
www.millionmommarch.com
112
KIDS COUNT in Delaware
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
00
01
02
Years
* In October 2001 the Delaware Population Consortium adjusted the population
numbers to reflect the 2000 U.S. Census Report; therefore arrest rates dropped.
The Churches Taking A Corner (CTAC) Alpha Project is part of the Mid-Atlantic Faith-Based Mentoring Collaborative to develop mentoring programs
for children of incarcerated parents and their families in six counties in New
Jersey and New Castle County in Delaware. The project recruits mentors for
one-on-one mentoring services to children of prisoners, ages 4 to 15 years old.
Additional support services include one-to-one mentoring, group mentoring, and cultural
and recreational programs. Benefits of such an experience include: positively impacting a
child’s life, building new friendships, increasing competency and confidence, learning new
approaches and ideas, and developing coaching and feedback skills. There is a minimum
commitment of one hour a week for one year per child. For more information contact:
Wilmington Area CTAC Headquarters, 2625 N. West Street, Wilmington, DE, Phone:
(302) 764-0600, Email: CTAC@CTAC-USA.org
Delaware Children Speak about
Community
In 1999, the Annie E. Casey Foundation started Making Connections, a ten-year investment, to help improve the outcomes for families and children in rough or isolated neighborhoods. Research performed by the Annie E. Casey Foundation has shown that children
do better when there is family strength. Additionally, families do better when they live in
communities that help them succeed. The Annie E. Casey Foundation focuses on three
premises they have identified as essential in producing successful outcomes for families:
1) Creating the opportunity to earn a decent living and build assets;
2) Building close ties with family, neighbors, kin, faith communities and civic groups;
3) Having reliable services close to home.
Making Connections sites are located throughout many cites nationwide. By having
multiple sites, people are able to share their experiences, know-how, and ideas that are
successful with each other. The Annie E. Casey Foundation utilizes a variety of groups
and activities to meet its goals. One important initiative the Foundation focuses on
is delivering technical assistance in a way that focuses on neighborhood needs and
community issues.
Neighborhood Safety
I feel safe in my neighborhood.
Delaware, 2005
Religious Services
How often do you attend
religious services?
Delaware, 2005
5th Graders
8th Graders
Almost everyday
14%
4%
No
Never
Once or twice
a week
27%
28%
86%
Yes
Feel safe
Once or
twice a month
13%
8th Graders
3%
Never
Not often
4%
Some of
the time
13%
61%
13%
11th Graders
Almost everyday
4%
Never
Once or twice
a week
23%
24%
Often
Feel safe
most of the time
Before, but not
A few in past year
times in
15%
past year
19%
Once or
twice a month
13%
Before, but not
in past year
A few times
in past year
19%
18%
11th Graders
Never
2%
Some of
the time
Not often
2%
10%
Often
68%
18%
Source for all graphs on this page:
– 5th graders: 7,992 responses.
– 8th graders: 7,815 responses.
– 11th graders: 5,231 responses.
Delaware School Survey 2005, Center for Drug and
Alcohol Studies, University of Delaware
Feel safe
most of the time
KIDS COUNT in Delaware
113
Delaware Children Speak about
Community
Buying Cigarettes
Buying Alcohol
Do you know of places where students
your age can buy cigarettes?
Do you know of places where students
your age can buy alcohol?
Delaware, 2005
Delaware, 2005
5th Graders
5th Graders
Yes
Yes
10%
14%
No
No
86%
90%
8th Graders
8th Graders
Yes
No
52%
33%
No
Yes
67%
48%
11th Graders
11th Graders
No
32%
No
Yes
Yes
48%
68%
52%
Buying Marijuana
Do you know of places where students your age can buy marijuana?
Delaware, 2005
8th Graders
11th Graders
Yes
No
58%
42%
No
33%
Yes
67%
Source for all graphs on this page: 5th graders: 7,992 responses. 8th graders: 7,815 responses. 11th graders:
5,231 responses. Delaware School Survey 2005, Center for Drug and Alcohol Studies, University of Delaware
114
KIDS COUNT in Delaware
Drinking Alcohol
In the past 30 days if you drank alcohol, where did you most often drink?
Delaware, 2005
(Mark all that apply.)
54% Never drank alcohol
8th Graders
21% Didn’t drink in past 30 days
12% My own home
15% Someone else’s home
1% In school
1% On school grounds
2% In a restaurant or club
4% In a car
8% Outside (street, parking lot, public park, behind a building)
36% Never drank alcohol
11th Graders
23% Didn’t drink in past 30 days
18% My own home
32% Someone else’s home
1% In school
1% On school grounds
3%
In a restaurant or club
8% In a car
9% Outside (street, parking lot, public park, behind a building)
Smoking Marijuana
In the past 30 days if you smoked marijuana, where did you most often smoke?
Delaware, 2005
(Mark all that apply.)
73% Never smoked marijuana
8th Graders
10% Didn’t smoke marijuana in past 30 days
4%
My own home
9% Someone else’s home
1% In school
1% On school grounds
1% In a restaurant or club
5% In a car
10% Outside (street, parking lot, public park, behind a building)
57% Never smoked marijuana
11th Graders
18% Didn’t smoke marijuana in past 30 days
9% My own home
18% Someone else’s home
2% In school
2% On school grounds
1% In a restaurant or club
16% In a car
14% Outside (street, parking lot, public park, behind a building)
Source for all graphs on this page: 8th graders: 7,815 responses. 11th graders: 5,231 responses.
Delaware School Survey 2005, Center for Drug and Alcohol Studies, University of Delaware
KIDS COUNT in Delaware
115
Delaware Children Speak about
Community
Friendly and Supportive Relationships
Rate the following people in your life by the scale given below,
from 1 – friendly and supportive to 5 – unfriendly and unsupportive.
Percentage of 11th Graders who Report the Highest
Value of 1 for Friendly and Supportive Relationships
Delaware, 2005
60
55
57%
50
45
40
35
30
25
20
22%
19%
19%
Administrators
in your school
Neighbors
15
14%
10
5
0
Parents
Teachers
in your school
Students
in your school
Source: 7,815 responses.Delaware School Survey 2005, Center for Drug and Alcohol Studies, University of Delaware
Abusive Relationships
In the past 30 days, which of the following things happened, aimed at you,
in your home, school or neighborhood?
Delaware, 2005
0
Verbal
Abuse
Bullying
Threats
Arguing
w/Shoving
Fights
(punching,
kicking)
In Your Neighborhood – 6%
At Home – 1%
At School – 3%
In Your Neighborhood – 8%
At School – 9%
At Home – 5%
In Your Neighborhood – 6%
At School – 14%
At Home – 11%
In Your Neighborhood – 6%
At Home – 7%
At School – 13%
In Your Neighborhood – 2%
At School – 9%
5
At Home – 3%
10
At School – 24%
15
In Your Neighborhood – 7%
20
At Home – 23%
Percentage of 11th Graders
who Report Abuse
25
Fights/
Threats with
Weapons
Source: 7,815 responses. Delaware School Survey 2005, Center for Drug and Alcohol Studies, University of Delaware
For more information see
www.state.de.us/drugfree/data.htm
116
KIDS COUNT in Delaware
Junior Achievement is an international organization that uses hands-on
experiences to help young people understand the economics of life. In
partnership with businesses and educators, Junior Achievement brings the
real world to students, opening their minds to their potential. At their website,
http://studentcenter.ja.org, Junior Achievement offers a Student Center which they call the
“map to tomorrow”. The Junior Achievement Student Center is an online navigational tool
geared to help teenagers become workforce ready. Here teenagers can search for colleges
based on their wants and needs, seek out financial aid to help pay for a higher education,
gain knowledge on how to handle money, explore careers that have always been of interest, and get tips on how to start a business. For more information, the Junior Achievement
of Delaware, Inc. can be contacted by calling: 302-654-4510 or check out their website
at http://delaware.ja.org.
DATA TABLES
Demographics ......................................Tables 1–7
Health ................................................... Tables 8 –41
Prenatal Care ............................. Tables 8 –11, 23
Low Birth Weight Babies ............ Tables 9 –15, 22
Infant Mortality .............................. Tables 16 –27
Child and Teen Deaths ....................Tables 32 – 38
Other Health .................. Tables 8, 28–31, 39 – 41
Education
......................................... Tables 42–56
High School Dropouts .............. Tables 19, 48– 56
Teens Not in School / Not Working ..Tables 55 – 56
Other Education ............................. Tables 42– 46
Family
................................................ Tables 57–79
Teen Births ............ Tables 10, 14–15, 19, 57– 61
No Parent with Full-time Employment ......Table 62
Poverty ........................ Tables 47, 63 –66, 70 –73
Child in One-Parent
Families ........................... Tables 11, 19, 64– 74
Other Family ..................................Tables 75 – 79
Community ...................................... Tables 80–98
Child Care ..................................... Tables 80 –84
Juvenile Crime..........................Tables 78, 85 – 95
Other Community ...........................Tables 96 – 98
KIDS COUNT in Delaware
117
118
KIDS COUNT in Delaware
Table 1:
Population of Children by Age
Population Estimates for Ages 0 to 21 by Sex and Race, Delaware, 2005
Sex / Age All Races
White
Black
Other
Male
Sex / Age All Races
White
Black
Other
Female
0
5,498
3,865
1,377
256
0
5,511
3,871
1,384
256
1
5,646
3,958
1,407
281
1
5,664
3,964
1,419
281
2
5,385
3,771
1,340
274
2
5,387
3,764
1,350
273
3
5,502
3,838
1,378
286
3
5,508
3,837
1,387
284
4
5,563
3,893
1,382
288
4
5,569
3,897
1,386
286
5
5,473
3,514
1,461
498
5
5,120
3,289
1,418
413
6
5,407
3,591
1,390
426
6
5,305
3,451
1,435
419
7
5,433
3,554
1,465
414
7
5,197
3,331
1,424
442
8
5,276
3,466
1,392
418
8
5,190
3,378
1,386
426
9
5,600
3,673
1,516
411
9
5,414
3,610
1,424
380
10
5,691
3,743
1,517
431
10
5,334
3,559
1,414
361
11
5,805
3,833
1,553
419
11
5,594
3,710
1,524
360
12
5,921
3,884
1,622
415
12
5,795
3,859
1,578
358
13
5,998
3,863
1,730
405
13
5,756
3,783
1,640
333
14
6,343
4,243
1,732
368
14
5,953
3,940
1,666
347
15
6,133
4,081
1,661
391
15
5,928
3,944
1,642
342
16
5,911
4,029
1,565
317
16
5,799
3,916
1,549
334
17
5,773
3,962
1,478
333
17
5,873
3,955
1,605
313
18
5,600
3,786
1,483
331
18
5,620
3,837
1,490
293
19
5,738
3,964
1,477
297
19
5,715
3,943
1,441
331
20
5,663
3,924
1,423
316
20
5,413
3,726
1,404
283
21
5,518
3,789
1,400
329
21
5,261
3,607
1,342
312
Total
124,877
84,224
32,749
7904
Total
121,906
82,171
32,308
7,427
Note:
Estimates for ages 0 –21 for the Counties and the City of Wilmington are available at http://www.cadsr.udel.edu/demography/consortium.htm
Source: Delaware Population Consortium, Population Projection Series, Version 2005.0
KIDS COUNT in Delaware
119
Table 2:
Population
Population Census Counts for Delaware and Counties, 2005
Area/Sex/Race
0-4
5-9
10-14
15-19
20-64
65+
Total
% 0-19
% 20-64
% 65+
% Total
Delaware
55,233
53,415
58,190
58,090
497,994
117,770
840,692
26.8
59.2
14.0
100.0
Male
27,594
27,189
29,758
29,155
242,612
50,322
406,630
13.5
28.9
6.0
48.4
White
19,325
17,798
19,566
19,822
180,923
43,594
301,028
9.1
21.5
5.2
35.8
Black
6,884
7,224
8,154
7,664
47,433
5,651
83,010
3.6
5.6
0.7
9.9
27,639
26,226
28,432
28,935
255,382
67,448
434,062
13.2
30.4
8.0
51.6
White
19,333
17,059
18,851
19,595
188,227
58,089
321,154
8.9
22.4
6.9
38.2
Black
6,926
7,087
7,822
7,727
53,924
8,078
91,564
3.5
6.4
1.0
10.9
New Castle
35,655
33,968
36,872
36,772
318,562
62,023
523,852
17.0
37.9
7.4
62.3
Male
17,775
17,397
18,965
18,734
155,842
25,716
254,429
8.7
18.5
3.1
30.3
White
12,460
11,321
12,381
12,657
114,248
21,716
184,783
5.8
13.6
2.6
22.0
Black
4,429
4,603
5,202
4,921
31,605
3,272
54,032
2.3
3.8
0.4
6.4
17,880
16,571
17,907
18,038
162,720
36,307
269,423
8.4
19.4
4.3
32.0
White
12,518
10,668
11,758
12,179
117,245
30,489
194,857
5.6
13.9
3.6
23.2
Black
4,478
4,530
4,963
4,739
36,085
5,027
59,822
2.2
4.3
0.6
7.1
9,450
9,523
10,602
10,658
79,443
21,346
141,022
4.8
9.4
2.5
16.8
4,745
4,735
5,228
5,021
37,127
9,259
66,115
2.3
4.4
1.1
7.9
White
3,246
3,037
3,320
3,244
27,263
7,686
47,796
1.5
3.2
0.9
5.7
Black
1,324
1,464
1,719
1,575
8,474
1,417
15,973
0.7
1.0
0.2
1.9
4,705
4,788
5,374
5,637
42,316
12,087
74,907
2.4
5.0
1.4
8.9
White
3,204
3,060
3,473
3,604
30,529
10,274
54,144
1.6
3.6
1.2
6.4
Black
1,326
1,511
1,683
1,822
10,062
1,538
17,942
0.8
1.2
0.2
2.1
10,128
9,924
10,716
10,660
99,989
34,401
175,818
4.9
11.9
4.1
20.9
5,074
5,057
5,565
5,400
49,643
15,347
86,086
2.5
5.9
1.8
10.2
White
3,619
3,440
3,865
3,921
39,412
14,192
68,449
1.8
4.7
1.7
8.1
Black
1,131
1,157
1,233
1,168
7,354
962
13,005
0.6
0.9
0.1
1.5
5,054
4,867
5,151
5,260
50,346
19,054
89,732
2.4
6.0
2.3
10.7
White
3,611
3,331
3,620
3,812
40,453
17,326
72,153
1.7
4.8
2.1
8.6
Black
1,122
1,046
1,176
1,166
7,777
1,513
13,800
0.5
0.9
0.2
1.6
Female
Female
Kent
Male
Female
Sussex
Male
Female
Totals by area and gender include races other than White and Black
Percentages are calculated based on total state population
Source: Delaware Population Consortium, Population Projection Series, Version 2005.0
120
KIDS COUNT in Delaware
Table 3:
Population of Delaware Cities
Population Estimates by Age, Gender, and Race for Newark, Wilmington, and Dover, 2005
Gender / Race
0-4
5-9
10-14
15-19
20-64
65+
Total
% 0-19
% 20-64
% 65+
% Total
Newark*
940
962
1,208
5,776
19,096
2,631
30,613
1.1
2.3
0.3
3.6
Male
486
510
615
2,271
9,340
1,015
14,237
0.5
1.1
0.1
1.7
Female
454
452
593
3,505
9,756
1,616
16,376
0.6
1.2
0.2
1.9
Wilmington
5,699
4,522
5,232
5,202
43,284
8,274
72,213
2.5
5.1
1.0
8.6
Male
2,910
2,377
2,675
2,630
21,324
2,923
34,839
1.3
2.5
0.3
4.1
White
899
504
490
585
8,493
1,454
12,425
0.3
1.0
0.2
1.5
Black
1,797
1,649
1,944
1,826
11,397
1,385
19,998
0.9
1.4
0.2
2.4
Female
2,789
2,145
2,557
2,572
21,960
5,351
37,374
1.2
2.6
0.6
4.4
White
846
460
422
512
7,740
2,827
12,807
0.3
0.9
0.3
1.5
Black
1,738
1,519
1,918
1,855
12,905
2,409
22,344
0.8
1.5
0.3
2.7
Dover*
2,309
2,027
2,165
3,133
19,670
4,554
33,858
1.1
2.3
0.5
4.0
Male
1,168
1,059
1,069
1,503
9,222
1,815
15,836
0.6
1.1
0.2
1.9
Female
1,141
968
1,096
1,630
10,448
2,739
18,022
0.6
1.2
0.3
2.1
% 0-19* % 20-64*
% 65+*
% Total
Totals by area and gender include races other than White and Black.
Percentages are calculated based on total state population (see Table 2)
* Race estimates not available for Newark and Dover.
Source: Delaware Population Consortium, Population Projection Series, Version 2005.0
Table 4:
Hispanic Population Estimates
Delaware and Counties, 2002
Gender
0-4
5-9
10-14
15-19
20-64
65+
Total
Male
2,370
2,025
1,730
1,764
12,802
556
21,247
1.0
1.6
0.1
2.6
Female
2,226
1,903
1,621
1,445
10,278
652
18,125
0.9
1.3
0.1
2.2
Male
1,641
1,447
1,258
1,283
8,802
380
14,811
0.7
1.1
0.0
1.8
Female
1,507
1,353
1,173
1,089
7,385
446
12,953
0.6
0.9
0.1
1.6
Male
242
201
204
184
1,213
80
2,124
0.1
0.2
0.0
0.3
Female
225
227
208
172
1,136
100
2,068
0.1
0.1
0.0
0.3
Male
487
377
268
297
2787
96
4,312
0.2
0.3
0.0
0.5
Female
494
323
240
184
1757
106
3,104
0.2
0.2
0.0
0.4
Delaware
New Castle
Kent
Sussex
Note: Persons of Hispanic Origin may be of any race.
* Percentage of total state population
Sources: Hispanic Data (US Census Bureau Pop Estimates) and Delaware Population Consortium (Oct. 8, 2002 Series).
KIDS COUNT in Delaware
121
Table 5:
Hispanic Population Estimates
Hispanic Population Estimates for Delaware and Counties, 1990–2002
1990
1992
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
15,530
18,418
24,234
26,972
31,158
37,277
39,372
10,830
11,737
14,158
15,842
18,896
26,293
27,763
Kent
2,382
2,964
3,037
3,165
2,590
4,069
4,192
Sussex
2,318
3,717
7,039
7,965
9,672
6,908
7,416
Delaware
New Castle
Source: US Census Bureau and Delaware Population Consortium
Table 6:
Families with Children
Number and Percent of Families with Children by Marital Status of Parents
Delaware and Counties, 2000 Census
Type of Family
Delaware
Number Percent
One Parent
Kent
Number Percent
Sussex
Number Percent
34,614
33
21,962
33
6,261
34
6,391
34
7,632
7
4,699
7
1,453
8
1,482
8
26,980
26
17,263
26
4,808
26
4,909
26
69,459
67
45,050
67
11,963
66
12,446
66
104,073
100
67,012
100
18,224
100
18,837
100
Male head of household
Female head of household
Married
Total
New Castle
Number Percent
Source: Population Reference Bureau, analysis of data from U.S. Census Bureau, 2000 Census Summary File 1
Table 7:
Children and Their Living Arrangements
Number of Children by Age Groups in Households and Group Quarters, 2000 Census
Total Under
Age 18
Under
5 Years
5 Years
6 to 11
Years
12 to 17
Years
Children Living in Households
193,909
51,418
10,571
67,732
64,057
Children in Families
172,150
44,276
9,296
60,839
57,739
Children in Married Couple Families
122,291
32,552
6,702
42,802
40,235
Children in Female-Headed Families
39,387
8,947
2,072
14,435
13,933
Children in Male-Headed Families
10,472
2,777
522
3,602
3,571
Children who are relatives or non-relatives of householder
21,759
7,142
1,275
6,893
6,318
678
113
20
149
396
Living Arrangement
Children Living in Group Quarters
Source: Population Reference Bureau, analysis of data from U.S. Census Bureau, 2000 Census Summary File 1
122
KIDS COUNT in Delaware
Table 8:
Prenatal Care
Five-Year Average Percentage of Mothers Receiving Prenatal Care
in the First Trimester of Pregnancy by Race and Hispanic Origin
U.S., Delaware, Counties, and City of Wilmington, 1987–2003
Area / RaceHispanic Origin*
19871991
19881992
19891993
19901994
19911995
19941998
19951999
19962000
74.2
74.6
75.2
76.1
77.1
78.1
79.0
79.7
80.2
80.5
80.8
81.1
80.6
White
77.8
78.1
78.6
79.3
80.1
81.0
81.7
82.2
82.5
82.7
83.0
83.2
82.5
Black
58.9
59.4
60.3
61.8
63.5
65.6
67.2
68.5
69.6
70.4
70.7
71.5
71.7
Hispanic*
58.8
59.8
60.9
62.7
64.7
66.8
68.5
69.8
70.8
71.4
72.1
72.9
73.3
78.0
78.6
79.0
80.0
81.2
82.3
82.6
82.9
83.0
83.1
83.9
84.9
85.1
White
84.3
84.9
84.9
85.6
86.2
86.7
86.5
86.5
86.4
86.5
87.1
87.8
87.9
Black
58.4
59.1
60.6
62.6
65.4
68.2
70.3
71.5
72.9
73.6
75.5
77.5
78.6
Hispanic*
N/A
N/A
64.5
65.2
65.6
66.8
67.3
67.8
68.7
69.4
70.8
72.2
72.6
New Castle
81.5
82.0
83.2
85.1
86.6
88.5
89.1
89.1
88.6
88.7
89.5
90.6
90.6
White
87.3
88.0
88.7
90.2
91.0
92.3
92.5
92.4
91.8
91.9
92.4
93.1
92.9
Black
62.4
62.8
65.3
68.6
72.2
76.1
78.3
78.7
79.3
79.4
81.1
83.5
84.2
Hispanic*
N/A
N/A
69.1
72.7
74.2
78.0
79.3
79.8
79.7
81.3
82.2
84.2
84.9
Wilmington
66.5
66.0
68.1
71.0
73.6
77.7
79.9
79.9
79.6
79.8
80.8
82.8
83.7
White
79.5
79.6
81.1
83.1
84.3
86.9
88.1
87.9
87.0
87.1
87.6
88.4
89.1
Black
59.1
58.4
60.8
64.0
67.4
72.3
75.1
75.3
75.6
75.8
77.0
79.7
80.6
Hispanic*
N/A
N/A
62.8
66.1
68.0
73.9
78.0
78.2
78.2
79.7
80.4
81.5
83.1
74.0
74.3
72.6
71.0
71.3
69.8
68.1
68.3
69.3
69.4
71.1
72.8
74.8
White
79.4
79.1
77.1
74.9
74.8
73.0
71.3
71.6
72.5
72.5
74.0
75.6
77.5
Black
57.7
59.5
58.3
58.3
59.7
58.4
57.0
58.0
59.7
60.6
63.3
65.4
67.8
Hispanic*
N/A
N/A
67.3
65.8
66.9
65.1
65.0
62.0
61.3
60.1
62.1
63.1
67.2
68.1
69.2
69.2
69.5
70.4
71.5
73.2
74.5
75.7
76.1
76.7
76.4
75.9
White
76.8
78.1
78.0
78.4
79.0
79.3
79.6
80.2
80.8
80.9
81.6
81.6
81.1
Black
45.8
45.9
45.9
46.7
47.8
50.2
55.1
58.1
61.7
64.2
65.7
66.0
67.6
Hispanic*
N/A
N/A
40.7
37.8
40.2
40.6
42.4
44.3
47.1
45.7
47.2
47.6
46.7
U.S.
Delaware
Kent
Sussex
1992- 19931996 1997
1997- 19982001 2002
19992003
Note: An indication of N/A means data was not available for that group or time period.
* Persons of Hispanic origin may be of any race.
Hispanic data was not available prior to the 1989-93 time period.
Source: Delaware Health Statistics Center, National Center for Health Statistics
KIDS COUNT in Delaware
123
Table 9:
Births by Birth Weight, Race and Hispanic Origin
of Mother, and Prenatal Care
Number and Percent of Live Births by Race and Hispanic Origin of Mother, Birth Weight in Grams
and Trimester Prenatal Care Began (Percentages Calculated by Birth Weight Category)
Delaware, 1999 –2003
Race/Hisp. Origin*
Total
Birth Wt.(g)
Number Percent
First Trimester
Number Percent
Second Trimester
Number Percent
All Races
54,879 100.0
46,707 85.1
5,897 10.7
1,451
2.6
564
1.0
260
0.5
<2500
5,053 100.0
4,176 82.6
528 10.4
129
2.6
167
3.3
53
1.0
<1500
1,068 100.0
881 82.5
7.3
9
0.8
73
6.8
27
2.5
1500-2499
3,985 100.0
3,295 82.7
450 11.3
120
3.0
94
2.4
26
0.7
49,821 100.0
42,531 85.4
5,369 10.8
1,322
2.7
397
0.8
202
0.4
2500+
Unknown
White
<2500
5 100.0
1500-2499
2500+
<2500
0.0
0
0.0
0
0.0
38,636 100.0
33,962 87.9
3,457
8.9
805
2.1
269
0.7
143
0.4
2,922 100.0
2,517 86.1
253
8.7
59
2.0
71
2.4
22
0.8
562 100.0
480 85.4
36
6.4
2
0.4
32
5.7
12
2.1
2,360 100.0
2,037 86.3
217
9.2
57
2.4
39
1.7
10
0.4
35,711 100.0
31,445 88.1
3,204
9.0
746
2.1
198
0.6
118
0.3
0
0.0
0
0.0
0
0.0
3 100.0
2500+
542
4.0
276
2.0
104
0.8
1,914 100.0
1,478 77.2
250 13.1
67
3.5
90
4.7
29
1.5
470 100.0
369 78.5
8.3
7
1.5
40
8.5
15
3.2
1,444 100.0
1,109 76.8
211 14.6
60
4.2
50
3.5
14
1.0
11,655 100.0
9,193 78.9
1,728 14.8
475
4.1
186
1.6
73
0.6
0.0
0
0.0
0
0.0
2 100.0
0
0.0
39
0
2 100.0
2,672 100.0
2,074 77.6
462 17.3
104
3.9
19
0.7
13
0.5
217 100.0
181 83.4
25 11.5
3
1.4
6
2.8
2
0.9
36 100.0
32 88.9
8.3
0
0.0
1
2.8
0
0.0
181 100.0
149 82.3
22 12.2
3
1.7
5
2.8
2
1.1
2,455 100.0
1,893 77.1
437 17.8
101
4.1
13
0.5
11
0.4
...
0
...
0
...
0
...
<1500
1500-2499
Unknown
0
...
0
...
3
0
Hispanic*
5,658 100.0
4,108 72.6
1,185 20.9
265
4.7
78
1.4
22
0.46
<2500
398 100.0
287 72.1
70 17.6
18
4.5
17
4.3
6
1.5
90 100.0
67 74.4
8.9
1
1.1
10 11.1
4
4.4
308 100.0
220 71.4
62 20.1
17
5.5
7
2.3
2
0.6
5,260 100.0
3,821 72.6
1,115 21.2
247
4.7
61
1.2
16
0.3
0
...
0
...
0
...
<1500
1500-2499
2500+
Unknown
0
...
* Persons of Hispanic origin may be of any race.
Source: Delaware Health Statistics Center
124
3 100.0
1,978 14.6
<2500
2500+
0.0
10,671 78.6
Unknown
Other
0
5 100.0
13,571 100.0
<1500
1500-2499
Unknown
Number Percent
0
Unknown
Black
No Care
Number Percent
0.0
<1500
0
78
Third Trimester
Number Percent
KIDS COUNT in Delaware
0
...
8
0
...
Table 10:
Births by Birth Weight, Age of Mother,
and Prenatal Care
Number and Percent of Live Births by Age of Mother, Birth Weight in Grams, and Trimester
Prenatal Care Began (Percentages Calculated By Birth Weight Category), Delaware, 1999 –2003
Mother’s Age/Infant’s
Total
Birth Wt.(g)
Number Percent
First Trimester
Number Percent
Second Trimester
Number Percent
6,521 100.0
4,738 72.7
1,302 20.0
330
5.1
111
1.7
40
0.6
728 100.0
524 72.0
142 19.5
26
3.6
26
3.6
10
1.4
<1500
164 100.0
122 74.4
23 14.0
2
1.2
13
7.9
4
2.4
1500-2499
564 100.0
402 71.3
119 21.1
24
4.3
13
2.3
6
1.1
5,793 100.0
4,214 72.7
1,160 20.0
304
5.2
85
1.5
30
0.5
...
0
...
0
...
0
...
Less than 20 yrs.
<2500
2500+
Unknown
0
...
0
...
0
Third Trimester
Number Percent
No Care
Number Percent
Unknown
Number Percent
20-24 Years
13,621 100.0
10,855 79.7
2,040 15.0
473
3.5
186
1.4
67
0.5
<2500
1,292 100.0
1,031 79.8
159 12.3
38
2.9
51
3.9
13
1.0
<1500
262 100.0
205 78.2
8.8
3
1.1
21
8.0
10
3.8
1500-2499
942 100.0
740 78.6
139 14.8
33
3.5
26
2.8
4
0.4
12,329 100.0
9,824 79.7
1,881 15.3
435
3.5
135
1.1
54
0.4
2500+
Unknown
0
...
0
23
...
0
...
0
...
0
...
0
...
25-29 Years
14,326 100.0
12,582 87.8
1,239
8.6
311
2.2
128
0.9
66
0.5
<2500
1,190 100.0
1,011 85.0
94
7.9
36
3.0
37
3.1
12
1.0
<1500
239 100.0
207 86.6
11
4.6
2
0.8
15
6.3
4
1.7
1500-2499
951 100.0
804 84.5
83
8.7
34
3.6
22
2.3
8
0.8
13,133 100.0
11,571 88.1
1,145
8.7
275
2.1
91
0.7
51
0.4
0.0
0
0.0
0
0.0
0
0.0
2500+
Unknown
3 100.0
30-34 Years
13,240 100.0
12,045 91.0
850
6.4
203
1.5
86
0.6
56
0.4
<2500
1,134 100.0
989 87.2
86
7.6
19
1.7
28
2.5
12
1.1
264 100.0
231 87.5
17
6.4
1
0.4
10
3.8
5
1.9
0 100.0
758 87.1
69
7.9
18
2.1
18
2.1
7
0.8
12,106 100.0
11,056 91.3
764
6.3
184
1.5
58
0.5
44
0.4
...
0
...
0
...
0
...
0
...
<1500
1500-2499
2500+
Unknown
0
...
0
0
3 100.0
35+ Years
7,171 100.0
6,487 90.5
466
6.5
134
1.9
53
0.7
31
0.4
<2500
709 100.0
621 87.6
47
6.6
10
1.4
25
3.5
6
0.8
<1500
139 100.0
116 83.5
4
2.9
1
0.7
14 10.1
4
2.9
1500-2499
570 100.0
505 88.6
43
7.5
9
1.6
11
1.9
2
0.4
6,460 100.0
5,866 90.8
419
6.5
124
1.9
28
0.4
23
0.4
0
0.0
0
0.0
0
0.0
2500+
Unknown
2 100.0
0
0.0
2 100.0
Source: Delaware Health Statistics Center
KIDS COUNT in Delaware
125
Table 11:
Births by Birth Weight, Marital Status,
and Prenatal Care
Number and Percent of Live Births by Marital Status of Mother, Birth Weight in Grams, and Trimester
Prenatal Care Began (Percentages Calculated by Birth Weight Category), Delaware, 1999–2003
Mother’s Marital
Status / Infant’s
Birth Wt. (g)
Total
Number Percent
First Trimester
Number Percent
Married
33,016 100.0
29,953 90.7
2,284
6.9
519
1.6
121
0.4
139
0.4
2,505 100.0
2,261 90.3
151
6.0
30
1.2
41
1.6
22
0.9
516 100.0
465 90.1
19
3.7
0
0.0
22
4.3
10
1.9
1,989 100.0
1,796 90.3
132
6.6
30
1.5
19
1.0
12
0.6
30,506 100.0
27,692 90.8
2,133
7.0
489
1.6
80
0.3
112
0.4
0
0.0
0
0.0
0
0.0
<2500
<1500
1500-2499
2500+
Unknown
Single
<2500
5 100.0
2500+
No Care
Number Percent
Unknown
Number Percent
5 100.0
16,754 76.6
3,613 16.5
932
4.3
443
2.0
121
0.6
2,548 100.0
1,915 75.2
377 14.8
99
3.9
126
4.9
31
1.2
552 100.0
416 75.4
59 10.7
9
1.6
51
9.2
17
3.1
1,996 100.0
1,499 75.1
318 15.9
90
4.5
75
3.8
14
0.7
19,315 100.0
14,839 76.8
3,236 16.8
833
4.3
317
1.6
90
0.5
0
...
0
...
0
...
Unknown
0
Source: Delaware Health Statistics Center
126
0.0
Third Trimester
Number Percent
21,863 100.0
<1500
1500-2499
0
Second Trimester
Number Percent
KIDS COUNT in Delaware
...
0
...
0
...
Table 12:
Percentage of Low Birth Weight Births
Five-Year Average Percentage of All Births that Are Low Birth Weight Births (<2500 grams)
U.S., Delaware, Counties, and City of Wilmington, 1986 –2003
19861990
19871991
19881992
19891993
19901994
19911995
19921996
19931997
19941998
19951999
19962000
19972001
19982002
1999
2003
U.S.
6.9
7.0
7.0
7.1
7.1
7.2
7.2
7.3
7.4
7.5
7.5
7.6
7.6
7.7
Delaware
7.5
7.5
7.7
7.8
7.8
7.8
8.0
8.2
8.3
8.5
8.6
8.8
9.0
9.2
7.5
7.6
7.8
8.0
8.0
8.2
8.3
8.5
8.6
8.8
8.8
9.1
9.3
9.6
N/A
12.1
12.2
12.4
12.5
12.2
12.1
12.2
12.3
12.6
13.1
13.5
14.2
14.1
Kent
7.1
7.1
7.3
7.2
7.0
7.3
7.2
7.5
7.6
8.1
8.1
8.6
8.9
9.2
Sussex
7.1
7.2
7.1
7.2
7.1
7.2
7.7
8.0
8.0
8.0
8.3
7.8
7.9
8.0
New Castle
Wilmington
Note: An indication of N/A means data was not available for that group or time period.
Sources: Delaware Health Statistics Center; National Center for Health Statistics
Table 13:
Percentage of Very Low Birth Weight Births
Five-Year Average Percentage of All Births that Are Very Low Birth Weight Births (< 1500 grams)
U.S., Delaware, Counties, and City of Wilmington, 1986–2003
19861990
19871991
19881992
19891993
19901994
19911995
19921996
19931997
19941998
19951999
19962000
19972001
19982002
19992003
U.S.
1.2
1.3
1.3
1.3
1.3
1.3
1.3
1.4
1.4
1.4
1.4
1.4
1.4
1.4
Delaware
1.6
1.7
1.7
1.7
1.6
1.6
1.6
1.7
1.7
1.8
1.9
1.8
1.9
1.9
1.7
1.7
1.7
1.8
1.7
1.7
1.7
1.8
1.8
1.9
1.9
1.9
1.9
2.0
N/A
3.2
3.1
3.1
2.9
2.8
2.9
2.8
2.8
2.9
3.0
3.0
3.1
3.1
Kent
1.4
1.6
1.6
1.4
1.4
1.5
1.5
1.6
1.7
1.8
1.8
1.8
1.8
1.9
Sussex
1.4
1.5
1.5
1.3
1.2
1.4
1.4
1.5
1.6
1.6
1.7
1.6
1.7
1.6
New Castle
Wilmington
Notes: An indication of N/A means data was not available for that group or time period.
Very Low Birth Weight (<1500 grams) is a subdivision of Low Birth Weight (<2500 grams).
Sources: Delaware Health Statistics Center; National Center for Health Statistics
KIDS COUNT in Delaware
127
Table 14:
Low Birth Weight Births by Age,
Race and Hispanic Origin of Mother
Five-Year Average Percentage of Low Birth Weight Births by Age, Race and Hispanic Origin of Mother
U.S., Delaware and Counties, 1996 –2003
Area/
Mother’s Age
All
U.S.
7.5
6.5 13.0
6.4
7.6
6.6 13.0
6.4
7.6
6.6 13.1
6.4
7.7
6.7 13.1
6.5
Less than 20
9.6
8.1 13.6
7.7
9.6
8.1 13.6
7.7
9.6
8.1 13.7
7.7
9.6
8.2 13.8
7.8
20-24
7.5
6.4 12.0
6.0
7.6
6.4 12.1
6.0
7.7
6.5 12.3
6.1
7.8
6.6 12.5
6.1
25-29
6.6
5.8 12.2
5.5
6.7
5.8 12.1
5.6
6.7
5.9 12.1
5.6
6.8
6.0 12.1
5.7
30+
7.5
6.6 14.6
6.8
7.6
6.7 14.4
6.9
7.7
6.8 14.3
6.9
7.7
6.9 14.3
7.0
Delaware
8.6
6.8 14.1
7.2
8.8
7.0 14.0
7.0
9.0
7.3 14.2
7.0
9.2
7.6 14.1
7.0
11.0
8.3 14.1
9.5
11.1
8.6 14.1 10.0
11.3
8.7 14.5
8.4
11.2
8.8 14.2
8.4
20-24
9.1
6.8 13.6
5.8
8.9
6.7 13.3
5.4
9.1
7.2 13.2
6.3
9.5
7.5 13.5
6.9
25-29
7.6
6.0 14.2
7.4
7.6
6.0 13.8
6.7
7.9
6.4 13.8
6.5
8.3
6.9 13.3
6.5
30+
8.2
7.0 14.7
7.6
8.7
7.5 15.0
7.7
8.9
7.6 15.7
7.5
9.0
7.7 15.6
6.9
8.8
6.9 14.6
8.1
9.1
7.2 14.6
7.9
9.3
7.3 14.9
7.7
9.6
7.7 14.7
7.5
Less than 20
11.3
8.3 14.2
9.7
11.6
8.5 14.6 10.3
11.8
8.5 15.1
8.5
11.5
8.7 14.4
8.3
20-24
10.0
7.3 14.7
7.0
10.0
7.4 14.5
6.6
10.2
7.8 14.1
7.5
10.4
8.1 14.3
7.7
25-29
7.8
6.1 14.5
8.8
7.9
6.2 14.0
8.1
8.4
6.6 14.4
7.1
8.7
7.2 13.8
6.6
30+
8.2
7.0 15.1
7.5
8.7
7.4 15.3
7.8
8.9
7.4 16.0
8.1
9.1
7.6 16.3
7.5
13.1
8.3 15.8
9.2
13.5
8.8 16.2
8.8
14.2
9.4 17.0
9.7
14.1
9.2 17.1
8.9
Less than 20
14.4 10.1 15.4
9.9
14.6 10.3 15.5
8.8
14.9
9.8 16.2
8.6
14.2
9.5 15.5
7.3
20-24
13.4
9.5 14.8
8.2
13.9 10.2 15.4
7.8
14.4 11.6 15.5 10.2
15.1 11.9 16.6 10.3
25-29
13.5
8.7 17.2
9.2
13.0
8.5 16.3
8.7
14.0
9.0 17.6
9.4
13.0
9.3 15.7
8.8
30+
11.1
6.9 16.7 10.0
12.6
7.9 18.6 10.6
13.6
8.3 20.8 10.4
13.7
7.4 22.4
8.1
9.2
7.6 14.0
8.1
Less than 20
New Castle
Wilmington
Kent
1996 –2000
White Black Hisp.*
1997–2001
White Black Hisp.*
All
8.2
1999 –2003
White Black Hisp.*
7.3
8.6
6.6 14.4
6.3
Less than 20
9.8
7.6 13.4
9.5
11.0
8.9 14.6
7.8
20-24
8.1
6.3 12.6
6.4
8.2
6.3 12.8
5.0
8.3
6.8 12.2
7.1
9.1
7.3 12.9
7.6
25-29
7.1
5.6 13.9
5.3
7.5
5.8 14.8
4.8
7.2
5.8 12.8
7.7
7.6
6.0 13.1
6.7
30+
8.2
6.4 15.8 10.6
8.7
6.9 16.7
9.8
9.6
8.2 17.0
9.0
9.6
8.3 16.1
7.4
Sussex
8.3
7.0 12.4
5.2
7.8
6.9 11.2
5.1
7.9
7.0 11.7
4.8
8.0
7.2 11.5
5.7
11.1
8.9 14.2
8.7
10.1
8.6 12.4
9.7
9.4
7.7 12.4
7.5
9.6
7.8 12.7
7.2
20-24
7.7
6.3 11.3
3.4
6.9
5.8 10.3
3.3
7.3
6.3 10.8
3.5
7.6
6.4 11.5
5.1
25-29
7.3
6.2 12.8
5.1
6.7
5.7 11.1
4.5
7.1
6.2 12.0
4.9
7.6
6.8 10.9
6.1
30+
8.0
7.7 11.0
6.9
8.4
8.1 11.2
6.3
8.4
8.0 12.1
5.4
8.0
7.8 10.4
5.2
KIDS COUNT in Delaware
7.3 13.9
All
6.3 13.7
* Persons of Hispanic origin may be of any race.
Source: Delaware Health Statistics Center
8.9
1998 –2002
White Black Hisp.*
8.1
Less than 20
128
All
11.9 10.1 14.9 10.3
12.0 10.1 15.0 12.3
Table 15:
Very Low Birth Weight Births
by Age, Race and Hispanic Origin of Mother
Five-Year Average Percentage of Very Low Birth Weight Births
by Age, Race and Hispanic Origin of Mother
U.S., Delaware, Counties, and Wilmington 1996 –2003
Area/
Mother’s Age
All
U.S.
1.4
1.1
3.1
1.1
1.4
1.1
3.1
1.1
1.4
1.2
3.1
1.1
1.4
1.4
3.1
1.1
Less than 20
1.8
1.4
2.9
1.3
1.8
1.4
2.9
1.3
1.8
1.5
2.9
1.3
1.8
1.8
2.9
1.3
20-24
1.4
1.1
2.7
1.0
1.4
1.1
2.7
1.0
1.4
1.1
2.7
1.0
1.4
1.4
2.7
1.0
25-29
1.3
1.0
3.1
1.0
1.3
1.0
3.1
1.0
1.3
1.0
3.1
1.0
1.3
1.3
3.0
1.0
30+
1.5
1.2
3.7
1.4
1.5
1.2
3.7
1.4
1.5
1.2
3.7
1.4
1.5
1.5
3.7
1.4
Delaware
1.9
1.3
3.6
1.5
1.8
1.3
3.6
1.5
1.9
1.4
3.4
1.5
1.9
1.5
3.5
1.6
Less than 20
2.4
1.7
3.2
2.0
2.4
1.7
3.3
2.8
2.5
1.9
3.3
2.4
2.5
2.0
3.2
2.6
20-24
2.1
1.4
3.6
1.4
2.0
1.4
3.4
1.0
1.9
1.4
3.0
1.1
1.9
1.5
3.0
1.1
25-29
1.6
1.1
3.6
1.3
1.5
1.0
3.6
1.5
1.6
1.2
3.3
1.6
1.7
1.3
3.3
1.6
30+
1.7
1.3
3.9
1.6
1.8
1.3
4.2
1.5
1.8
1.4
4.3
1.6
2.0
1.4
4.5
1.6
1.9
1.3
3.8
1.9
1.9
1.3
3.8
2.0
1.9
1.3
3.7
1.9
2.0
1.4
3.7
1.9
Less than 20
2.5
1.7
3.2
2.7
2.6
1.9
3.3
3.7
2.8
2.0
3.6
3.2
2.8
2.3
3.3
3.4
20-24
2.5
1.5
4.1
1.5
2.3
1.5
3.8
1.3
2.2
1.5
3.5
1.3
2.1
1.4
3.2
1.1
25-29
1.6
1.1
3.8
1.7
1.5
1.0
3.7
2.1
1.6
1.0
3.5
1.7
1.6
1.1
3.5
1.8
30+
1.7
1.3
3.9
1.8
1.7
1.2
4.2
1.6
1.8
1.3
4.3
1.9
2.1
1.5
4.7
2.0
3.0
2.1
3.6
2.3
3.0
2.0
3.6
2.4
3.1
1.8
3.8
2.1
3.1
1.7
3.9
1.9
Less than 20
3.2
2.4
3.4
3.0
3.2
2.6
3.4
3.6
3.5
2.8
3.7
3.8
3.2
2.7
3.4
3.2
20-24
3.5
2.9
3.8
2.2
3.3
2.8
3.6
2.0
3.3
2.8
3.5
1.9
3.5
2.3
4.0
1.4
25-29
2.6
1.5
3.5
2.6
2.4
1.4
3.0
2.7
2.5
1.3
3.3
2.1
2.4
2.0
2.7
2.5
30+
2.6
1.9
4.4
1.3
2.9
1.7
5.8
1.2
2.8
1.1
5.2
0.5
3.0
0.9
5.9
0.5
1.8
1.3
3.6
1.0
1.8
1.2
3.8
0.5
1.8
1.4
3.1
0.9
1.9
1.5
3.4
0.8
Less than 20
1.9
1.6
2.3
0.0
1.8
1.4
2.7
0.0
1.8
1.6
2.3
0.0
1.8
1.3
2.7
0.0
20-24
1.7
1.0
3.6
2.1
1.8
1.2
3.5
0.7
1.6
1.3
2.7
0.6
2.1
1.7
3.2
1.2
25-29
1.6
1.3
3.2
0.9
1.7
1.2
3.8
0.8
1.5
1.3
2.8
2.1
1.8
1.4
3.5
1.3
30+
2.1
1.3
5.4
0.0
2.0
1.3
5.5
0.0
2.2
1.7
5.1
0.0
2.0
1.5
4.7
0.0
Sussex
1.7
1.4
2.6
0.9
1.6
1.4
2.6
0.8
1.7
1.5
2.6
1.0
1.6
1.5
2.5
1.1
Less than 20
2.6
1.7
3.9
0.7
2.4
1.7
3.8
1.1
2.3
1.8
3.4
1.0
2.3
2.1
3.1
1.3
20-24
1.6
1.6
1.6
0.9
1.4
1.4
1.7
0.4
1.5
1.5
1.7
0.8
1.4
1.3
1.8
0.9
25-29
1.4
1.0
3.4
0.6
1.3
0.9
2.8
0.5
1.6
1.4
2.7
1.2
1.8
1.6
2.5
1.5
30+
1.5
1.4
1.4
1.7
1.8
1.6
2.4
1.6
1.6
1.4
3.2
1.2
1.4
1.2
3.0
1.0
New Castle
Wilmington
Kent
1996 –2000
White Black Hisp.*
All
1997–2001
White Black Hisp.*
All
1998 –2002
White Black Hisp.*
All
1999–2003
White Black Hisp.*
Note: Very Low Birth Weight (<1500 grams) is a subdivision of Low Birth Weight (<2500 grams).
* Persons of Hispanic origin may be of any race.
Source: Delaware Health Statistics Center
KIDS COUNT in Delaware
129
Table 16:
Infant Mortality Rates by Race and Hispanic Origin
Five-Year Average Infant Mortality Rates by Race and Hispanic Origin
U.S., Delaware, Counties and City of Wilmington, 1985–2003
Area/RaceHisp. Origin
U.S.
19851989
1986- 1987- 1988- 1989- 1990- 1991- 1992- 1993- 1994- 1995- 1996- 1997- 1998- 19991990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003
10.2
9.9
9.6
9.3
9.0
8.6
8.3
8.0
7.7
7.5
7.3
7.1
7.0
7.0
6.9
White
8.7
8.3
8.0
7.7
7.3
7.0
6.8
6.5
6.4
6.2
6.0
5.9
5.8
5.8
5.7
Black
18.1
18.0
17.9
17.7
17.5
17.0
16.4
15.8
15.3
14.8
14.6
14.4
14.2
14.3
14.2
Delaware
12.3
11.3
11.5
10.9
10.4
9.3
8.9
7.9
7.8
7.9
8.1
8.4
9.0
9.2
9.1
White
9.9
8.9
8.9
8.2
7.5
6.6
6.4
5.6
5.6
5.9
5.7
6.2
6.6
6.9
6.9
Black
20.7
19.6
20.0
19.8
19.9
18.2
17.0
15.7
14.7
14.4
15.8
15.9
17.1
16.7
16.7
Hispanic*
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
6.3
6.9
6.3
8.3
New Castle
12.5
11.2
11.3
10.8
10.7
9.5
9.0
7.8
7.3
7.3
7.9
8.5
9.1
9.2
9.5
White
9.6
8.4
8.6
7.9
7.5
6.5
6.3
5.0
4.9
4.8
4.9
5.6
6.2
6.4
6.8
Black
23.1
21.1
20.8
20.8
21.7
19.8
18.3
17.5
15.3
15.1
17.4
17.7
18.2
18.0
18.0
Wilmington
N/A
20.9
20.4
19.6
19.5
18.0
16.6
15.2
13.6
12.8
13.7
14.4
14.0
13.5
13.5
White
N/A
16.2
14.1
12.3
11.2
9.7
10.1
6.2
6.4
5.6
6.2
7.0
7.4
6.3
7.1
Black
N/A
23.8
24.2
23.8
24.3
22.8
20.4
20.5
17.8
16.8
18.0
18.7
18.0
17.9
17.6
Bal. of NC Co. N/A
8.6
9.0
8.6
8.5
7.5
7.2
6.1
5.9
6.0
6.7
7.2
8.1
8.3
8.6
White
N/A
7.6
8.1
7.4
7.1
6.2
5.9
4.8
4.8
4.7
4.8
5.4
6.1
6.4
6.8
Black
N/A
17.3
16.4
17.1
18.5
16.3
16.0
14.4
12.9
13.6
16.8
16.8
18.5
18.1
18.2
11.1
11.2
11.3
11.3
9.7
9.6
8.6
8.6
8.2
9.0
8.4
8.6
8.7
9.9
9.5
White
9.9
9.4
9.0
8.8
7.3
7.3
6.5
6.8
5.9
7.1
6.3
7.0
6.9
9.5
8.6
Black
15.6
17.7
19.0
19.9
17.9
17.6
15.5
15.1
16.5
15.9
15.7
14.3
15.2
12.7
13.4
12.8
12.2
12.2
10.7
9.7
8.3
8.7
7.9
9.0
9.4
8.5
8.1
9.0
8.3
7.4
White
10.8
10.5
10.1
8.8
7.8
6.2
6.8
6.8
8.0
8.9
8.0
7.5
7.6
6.5
5.5
Black
18.0
16.8
18.0
16.1
15.3
13.7
13.9
10.4
11.1
10.4
9.9
10.4
14.4
15.9
15.4
Kent
Sussex
The infant mortality rates is calculated as deaths per 1,000 live births.
* Persons of Hispanic origin may be of any race.
Note: Rates for Hispanics prior to 1996–2000 are based on fewer than 20 deaths during the period and does not meet the standard of reliability or precision as defined by the
National Center for Health Statistics.
** Wilmington data is not available before 1986.
Sources: Delaware Health Statistics Center; National Center for Health Statistics
130
KIDS COUNT in Delaware
Table 17:
Infant, Neonatal, and Postneonatal Mortality Rates
Five-Year Average Infant Mortality Rates, Neonatal and Postneonatal Mortality Rates
U.S. and Delaware, 1996 –2003
Area/
Mother’s Race
U.S.
1996 – 2000
Infant NeoPostnatal neonatal
1997 – 2001
Infant NeoPostnatal neonatal
1998– 2002
Infant NeoPostnatal neonatal
1999 – 2003
Infant NeoPostnatal neonatal
7.1
4.7
2.4
7.0
4.7
2.4
7.0
4.7
2.3
6.9
4.6
2.3
White
5.9
3.9
2.0
5.8
3.9
1.9
5.8
3.9
1.9
5.7
3.9
1.9
Black
14.4
9.5
4.8
14.2
9.5
4.8
14.3
9.5
4.8
14.2
9.4
4.8
Delaware
8.4
5.9
2.5
9.0
6.4
2.6
9.2
6.7
2.4
9.1
6.7
2.5
White
6.2
4.0
2.2
6.6
4.4
2.2
6.9
5.0
2.0
6.9
5.0
1.9
Black
15.9
12.1
3.8
17.1
12.8
4.3
16.7
12.7
4.1
16.7
12.2
4.5
Neonatal – the period from birth to 27 days; Post-neonatal – the period from 28 days to one year; Infant – the period from birth to one year;
The infant mortality rates is calculated as deaths per 1,000 live births.
Sources: Delaware Health Statistics Center; National Center for Health Statistics
Table 18:
Infant Deaths by Causes of Death
and Race of Mother
Number and Percent of Infant Deaths by Selected Leading Causes of Death by Race of Mother
(all birth weights) Delaware, Total Number 1998–2002
Cause of Death
All Causes
All Races
Number Percent
White
Number Percent
Black
Number Percent
Other
Number Percent
487
100%
268
100%
205
100%
14
100%
67
14%
44
16%
18
9%
5
36%
Certain Conditions Originating
in the Perinatal Period
307
63%
153
57%
148
72%
6
43%
Disorders relating to short
gestation and unspecified
low birth weight
(Included in figures above)
88
18%
42
16%
45
22%
1
7%
Symptom, Signs, and Ill-defined
Conditions (Includes Sudden
Infant Death Syndrome)
40
8%
26
10%
14
7%
0
0%
Infectious and Parasitic Diseases
13
3%
6
2%
5
2%
2
14%
Unintentional Injuries
8
2%
5
2%
3
1%
0
0%
Homicide
2
0%
2
1%
0
0%
0
0%
Diseases of the Respiratory System
4
1%
0
0%
4
2%
0
0%
46
9%
32
12%
13
6%
1
7%
Birth Defects
All Other Causes
Infant deaths are deaths that occur between live birth and one year of age.
Percentages are based upon the total number of infant deaths in each race group. Percentages may not add up to 100% due to rounding.
Live Birth Cohort – All persons born during a given period of time.
Source: Delaware Health Statistics Center
KIDS COUNT in Delaware
131
Table 19:
Infant Mortality Rates by Risk Factor
Infant Mortality Rates per 1,000 Live Births by Risk Factor (Live Birth Cohort)
Delaware, Five-year Averages 1996–2002
1996–2000
All Races White Black
Risk Factor
1997–2001
All Races White Black
1998–2002
All Races White Black
Birth Weight
<1500 grams
270.9
231.5
312.1
303.8
279.8
329.8
316.2
303.4 335.5
<2500
69.5
55.9
88.2
74.6
62.5
93.1
76.4
68.7
90.5
2500+
2.4
2.3
2.8
2.4
2.3
2.9
2.3
2.1
3.0
<20
11.0
8.6
13.8
11.9
8.9
15.2
12.1
10.5
14.1
20-24
10.6
7.0
18.1
10.3
7.4
16.2
9.8
7.0
15.7
25-29
6.0
4.8
11.6
6.5
4.8
13.8
7.2
5.5
14.3
30+
7.2
5.7
14.9
8.3
6.7
16.8
8.7
7.2
17.3
30.2
28.3
33.0
45.9
44.1
49.4
56.5
58.4
57.3
First
7.7
5.8
14.6
8.1
6.1
15.0
8.3
6.4
14.8
Second
7.3
5.3
11.4
8.6
6.9
12.5
8.0
6.9
11.4
Third
9.9
6.7
11.6
9.7
8.0
9.6
8.1
6.5
9.7
6.0
5.2
11.5
6.6
5.7
13.4
7.0
6.0
14.6
11.9
8.1
16.2
12.2
8.6
16.4
12.1
9.3
15.7
<12 years
10.9
8.9
14.9
11.8
9.8
16.1
11.1
9.4
15.4
H.S. diploma
10.0
7.3
16.1
10.5
7.5
16.8
11.7
8.9
17.8
5.5
4.1
13.5
5.9
4.4
13.9
6.0
4.7
12.6
<18 months
8.4
6.9
12.1
9.2
7.4
13.4
8.9
7.3
13.0
18+ months
6.2
5.1
9.7
6.7
5.6
10.2
7.0
5.7
11.2
Age of Mother
Trimester Prenatal Care First Received
No PNC
Marital Status of Mother
Married
Single
Education of Mother
1+ years college
Interval Since Last Live Birth
Source: Delaware Health Statistics Center
Table 20:
Infant Mortality Rates by Birth Interval
Five-Year Average Infant Mortality Rates per 1,000 Live Births by Birth Interval (Live Birth Cohort)
Delaware, 1989–2003
Birth Interval
Year of Birth
1989- 19901993 1994
19921996
19931997
19941998
19951999
19962000
19972001
19982002
19992003
<18 months
19.9
16.8
15.2
12.2
12.3
10.7
9.7
8.4
9.2
8.3
8.9
18+ months
8.0
7.7
6.7
5.6
5.2
5.6
5.8
6.2
6.9
6.8
7.0
Source: Delaware Health Statistics Center
132
19911995
KIDS COUNT in Delaware
Table 21:
Infant Mortality Rates by Gestation
Five-Year Average Infant Mortality Rates per 1,000 Live Births by Gestation Weeks
Live Birth Cohorts, Delaware, 1989–2002
Gestation Weeks
<28 weeks
28–36 weeks
37+ weeks
Year of Birth
198919901993
1994
19911995
19921996
19931997
19941998
19951999
19962000
19972001
19982002
499.1
493.1
467.6
428.6
419.6
422.4
433.7
452.1
497.2
522.6
24.3
22.7
20.0
18.4
16.3
14.5
13.1
13.3
15.1
14.1
3.0
2.6
2.7
2.3
2.4
2.6
2.6
2.5
2.5
2.3
19972001
19982002
Source: Delaware Health Statistics Center
Table 22:
Infant Mortality Rates by Birth Weight
Five-Year Average Infant Mortality Rates per 1,000 Live Births by Birth Weight
Live Birth Cohorts, Delaware, 1989–2002
Year of Birth
198919901993
1994
Birth Weight
<1500 grams
1500-2499 grams
2500+ grams
19911995
19921996
19931997
19941998
19951999
19962000
364.7
337.3
307.1
272.9
255.2
258.5
262.7
270.9
304.8
316.2
22.1
18.5
17.2
16.1
16.4
14.4
13.5
13.8
14.1
13.5
2.8
2.6
2.6
2.3
2.3
2.5
2.4
2.4
2.5
2.3
Source: Delaware Health Statistics Center
Table 23:
Infant Mortality Rates by Prenatal Care
Five-Year Average Infant Mortality Rates per 1,000 Live Births by Trimester Prenatal Care Began
Live Birth Cohorts, Delaware, 1989–2002
Trimester Care Began
No Care
Year of Birth
198919901993
1994
19911995
19921996
19931997
19941998
19951999
19962000
19972001
19982002
53.2
50.1
55.9
57.7
56.2
49.1
40.2
30.2
45.9
56.5
9.1
8.0
7.4
6.7
6.5
6.9
7.3
7.7
8.0
8.3
Second
10.1
9.6
9.4
7.6
8.2
8.5
8.4
7.3
8.6
8.3
Third
12.5
9.2
11.6
5.8
8.9
9.5
10.8
9.9
10.5
8.1
First
Source: Delaware Health Statistics Center
KIDS COUNT in Delaware
133
Table 24:
Infant Mortality Rates by Source of Payment
Five-Year Average Infant Mortality Rates per 1,000 Live Births by Source of Payment for Delivery
Live Birth Cohorts, Delaware, 1991–2002
Year of Birth
19911995
19921996
19931997
19941998
19951999
19962000
19972001
19982002
11.4
9.9
9.8
10.2
10.8
9.8
10.6
10.0
Private
6.1
5.4
5.2
5.5
5.6
6.5
6.9
7.4
Self Pay
23.7
23.4
25.8
25.0
25.5
26.0
30.0
27.4
Source of Payment
Medicaid
Source: Delaware Health Statistics Center
Table 25:
Infant Mortality Rates by Single or Multiple Birth
Five-Year Average Infant Mortality Rates per 1,000 Live Births by Single or Multiple Birth
Live Birth Cohorts, Delaware, 1989–2002
Single vs. Multiple
Single
Multiple
Year of Birth
198919901993
1994
19911995
19921996
19931997
19941998
19951999
19962000
19972001
19982002
9.1
8.2
7.7
7.0
6.7
6.7
6.8
6.9
7.3
7.3
52.8
45.6
43.1
30.0
33.5
39.3
41.6
45.4
53.1
52.9
Source: Delaware Health Statistics Center
Table 26:
Infant Mortality Rates by Mothers’ Smoking
Five-Year Average Infant Mortality Rates per 1,000 Live Births by Smoking during Pregnancy
Live Birth Cohorts, Delaware, 1989–2002
Smoking during
Pregnancy
Year of Birth
198919901993
1994
19921996
19931997
19941998
19951999
19962000
19972001
19982002
Yes
13.4
13.3
12.1
10.3
9.2
10.6
10.6
11.3
13.4
15.1
No
9.2
8.1
7.8
7.0
7.1
7.1
7.4
7.6
8.1
8.0
Source: Delaware Health Statistics Center
134
19911995
KIDS COUNT in Delaware
Table 27:
Ranking of Infant Mortality Rates by State
Ranking of Five-year Average Infant Mortality Rates
U.S., 50 States, and District of Columbia, 1998–2002
State
All Races
Rate
Rank
Alabama
Alaska**
Arizona
Arkansas
California
Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
District of Columbia
Florida
Georgia
Hawaii**
Idaho**
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine**
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
Missouri
Montana**
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire**
New Jersey
New Mexico**
New York
North Carolina
North Dakota**
Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island
South Carolina
South Dakota**
Tennessee
Texas
Utah**
Vermont**
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming**
9.6
6.4
6.8
8.4
5.5
6.3
6.5
9.2
12.3
7.3
8.5
7.1
6.8
8.1
7.7
5.9
7.1
7.1
9.5
5.3
8.0
5.0
8.1
5.7
10.4
7.7
6.9
7.0
6.4
4.9
6.3
6.7
6.2
8.7
7.7
7.9
8.2
5.6
7.3
6.6
9.3
7.5
8.6
6.1
5.2
5.7
7.4
5.5
7.9
6.9
6.7
United States
7.0
3
36 *
30 *
10
46 *
38 *
35
6
1
22 *
9
24 *
30 *
12 *
17 *
42
24 *
24 *
4
48
14
50
12 *
43 *
2
17 *
28 *
27
36 *
51
38 *
32 *
40
7
17 *
15 *
11
45
22 *
34
5
20
8
41
49
43 *
21
46 *
15 *
28 *
32 *
White
Rate
Rank
7.0
5.0
6.3
7.0
5.1
5.8
5.4
6.9
4.2
5.7
6.0
5.4
6.7
6.2
6.8
5.6
6.6
6.5
6.2
5.2
5.2
4.6
6.1
5.0
6.7
6.2
6.5
6.3
5.6
4.9
5.0
6.3
5.3
6.3
7.0
6.5
7.5
5.5
6.0
5.9
6.0
6.1
6.5
5.4
5.2
5.8
5.5
5.2
7.7
5.8
6.4
5.8
3*
46 *
16 *
3*
45
29 *
37 *
6
51
32
25 *
37 *
8*
20 *
7
33 *
10
11 *
20 *
41 *
41 *
50
23 *
46 *
8*
20 *
11 *
16 *
33 *
49
46 *
16 *
40
16 *
3*
11 *
2
35 *
25 *
28
25 *
23 *
11 *
37 *
41 *
29 *
35 *
41 *
1
29 *
15
Black
Rate
Rank
15.2
11.9
18.5
13.6
13.1
17.1
14.7
16.7
16.1
13.1
13.6
12.8
16.5
16.9
15.8
16.8
14.5
12.9
14.2
22.0
13.8
9.3
17.7
12.5
14.8
16.8
24.6
17.9
15.8
9.0
13.5
18.2
10.4
16.0
8.9
16.2
15.6
11.7
15.5
13.1
15.7
18.6
16.6
12.2
12.2
5.8
14.1
12.7
14.7
17.7
13.2
24
45
4
32 *
36 *
9
26 *
13
17
36 *
32 *
40
15
10
19 *
11 *
28
39
29
2
31
48
7*
42
25
11 *
1
6
19 *
49
34
5
47
18
50
16
22
46
23
36 *
21
3
14
43 *
43 *
51
30
41
26 *
7*
35
14.3
* Indicates a tied rank.
**Rate and rank for the Black population should be interpreted with caution since the rate is Based on less than 50 infant deaths.
Note: Infant mortality rates in this table may not match rates in the Infant Mortality Section of this report due to different data sources. It should be noted that rankings do not have particular value for identifying population risk groups or in suggesting appropriate strategies or policy initiatives.
Sources: Delaware Health Statistics Center; National Center for Health Statistics
KIDS COUNT in Delaware
135
Table 28:
Lead Poisoning
Percent of Children Under Age 6 with Blood Lead Levels at or Exceeding 15 mcg/dL
Delaware, Fiscal Years 1994 –2005
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
7,998
8,959
9,848
9,243
9,117
9,958
10,845
14,001
14,164
12,571
14,138
12,715
# Identified
247
208
166
121
140
64
51
48
42
27
19
9
Delaware (%)
3.1
2.3
1.7
1.3
1.5
0.64
0.47
0.34
0.30
0.21
0.13
0.07
# Tested
Source: Delaware Department of Health and Social Services, Division of Public Health, Childhood Lead Poisoning Prevention Program
Table 29:
Child Immunizations
Percent of Children Age 19–35 Months Who Are Fully Immunized
U.S. and Delaware, 1995 – 2004
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
U.S.
76.0
78.0
78.0
80.6
79.9
77.6
78.6
76.5
80.7
83.5
Delaware
75.0
81.0
81.0
80.6
80.0
76.2
81.0
84.8
82.9
86.4
Source: Centers For Disease Control and Prevention
Table 30:
Hospitalizations for Childhood Asthma
Inpatient Asthma Discharges and Readmissions for Children 0–17 Years of Age,
Discharge Rates per 1,000 Children 0–17 Years of Age,
Readmission Rates per 100 Children 0–17 Years of Age Previously Admitted in the Same Year
Delaware, 1994–2003
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
435
568
482
508
421
577
455
551
491
630
87
108
81
83
68
79
64
69
74
77
Total Discharges
522
676
563
591
489
656
519
620
565
707
Discharge Rate
3.2
4.0
3.2
3.3
2.7
3.5
2.8
3.2
2.8
3.5
20.0
19.0
16.8
16.3
16.2
13.7
14.1
12.5
15.1
12.2
Children Discharged
Readmissions
Readmission Rate
Source: Delaware Health Statistics Center
136
KIDS COUNT in Delaware
Table 31:
Children without Health Insurance
Three-Year Average Percentage of Children Not Covered by Health Insurance
U.S. and Delaware, Three-Year Moving Average, 1987–2005
1987- 1988- 1989- 1990- 1991- 1992- 1993- 1994- 1995- 1996- 1997- 1998- 1999- 2000- 2001- 2002- 20031989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
U.S.
14.4
13.6
13.1
13.0
12.7
12.9
13.4
13.9
14.3
14.5
15.1
14.8
13.6
12.4
11.6
11.6
11.4
Delaware 11.6
11.8
11.4
13.4
10.7
10.8
10.2
12.1
12.4
13.7
14.9
12.8
10.5
7.5
8.5
9.0
10.3
Source: Center for Applied Demography and Survey Research, University of Delaware
Table 32:
Child Death Rates
Five-Year Average Death Rates per 100,000 Children 1–14 Years of Age
U.S. and Delaware, 1986 –2003
19861990
19871991
19881992
19891993
19901994
19911995
19921996
19931997
19941998
19951999
19962000
19972001
19982002
19992003
U.S.
33.0
32.3
31.3
30.5
29.7
29.1
28.3
27.5
26.4
25.4
24.2
23.2
22.5
21.8
Delaware
34.3
31.9
29.9
29.3
25.7
23.4
22.1
22.2
21.1
21.6
22.0
22.4
22.8
21.4
Sources: Delaware Health Statistics Center; National Center for Health Statistics
Table 33:
Teen Death Rates
Five-Year Average Teen Death Rates by Accident, Homicide, and Suicide
per 100,000 Teens 15–19 Years of Age
U.S. and Delaware, 1986 –2003
19861990
19871991
19881992
19891993
19901994
19911995
19921996
19931997
19941998
19951999
19962000
19972001
19982002
19992003
U.S.
68.1
68.7
68.9
69.0
69.1
68.0
66.1
64.3
61.4
56.0
53.2
54.4
53.3
N/A*
Delaware
52.1
47.7
47.9
43.5
45.1
44.9
46.1
50.6
51.7
50.0
51.6
54.3
53.0
55.4
* U.S. data not available for 2003
Sources: Delaware Health Statistics Center; National Center for Health Statistics
KIDS COUNT in Delaware
137
Table 34:
Causes of Deaths of Children by Age
Leading Causes of Deaths of Children 1–19 Years Old, by Age, Delaware, 1997 – 2003
1997 –2001
Number
of Deaths Percent
1999 –2003
Number
of Deaths Percent
Age
Cause of Death
1– 4 Years
Nontransport accidents
20
27.8
17
22.7
13
18.3
Motor vehicle accidents
8
11.1
9
12.0
8
11.3
Malignant neoplasms
1
1.4
9
12.0
8
11.3
Diseases of the heart
6
8.3
7
9.3
5
7.0
Congenital malformations, deformations,
and chromosomal abnormalities
8
11.1
5
6.7
5
7.0
Influenza and pneumonia
2
2.8
2
2.7
3
4.2
Assault (homicide)
5
6.9
2
2.7
1
1.4
All other causes
22
30.6
24
31.9
28
39.4
Total
72
100.0
75
100.0
71
100.0
Nontransport accidents
21
21.4
25
25.5
20
21.5
Motor vehicle accidents
19
19.4
16
16.2
14
15.1
3
3.1
3
3.0
3
3.2
14
14.3
14
14.1
13
14.0
Intentional self-harm (suicide)
5
5.1
4
4.0
5
5.4
Assault (homicide)
1
1.0
3
3.0
4
4.3
Chronic lower respiratory diseases
3
3.1
4
4.0
3
3.2
Congenital malformations, deformations,
and chromosomal abnormalities
2
2.0
2
2.0
3
3.2
Septicemia
2
2.0
3
3.0
3
3.2
Diseases of the heart
4
4.1
3
3.0
2
2.2
Influenza and pneumonia
3
3.1
2
2.0
1
1.1
All other causes
21
21.4
20
20.2
22
23.7
Total
98
100.0
99
100.0
93
100.0
Motor vehicle accidents
85
46.4
81
44.8
82
44.3
Nontransport accidents
22
12.0
24
13.3
24
13.0
7
3.8
6
3.3
6
3.2
Intentional self-harm (suicide)
19
10.4
19
10.5
23
12.4
Assault (homicide)
14
7.7
15
8.3
18
9.7
Malignant neoplasms
7
3.8
7
3.9
7
3.8
Diseases of the heart
4
2.2
4
2.2
3
1.6
Chronic lower respiratory diseases
1
0.5
3
1.7
3
1.6
24
13.2
22
12.3
19
10.1
183
100.0
181
100.0
185
100.0
5 –14 Years
Other transport accidents
Malignant neoplasms
15 –19 Years
Other transport accidents
All other causes
Total
Source: Delaware Health Statistics Center
138
1998 –2002
Number
of Deaths Percent
KIDS COUNT in Delaware
Table 35:
Crash Involvement Rate
Crash Involvement Rate per 1,000 Licensed Drivers by Age, Delaware, Fiscal Years 1996–2005
Age of Licensed Driver
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
16 years old
160.2
161.4
165.1
148.1
115.6
70.8
94.5
98.8
74.3
79.5
17 years old
139.8
141.8
157.2
141.1
130.2
131.0
136.9
138.0
131.6
118.3
18 years old
125.6
127.1
131.8
129.7
137.0
124.1
120.7
123.4
114.4
116.3
19 years old
107.1
109.0
102.1
89.9
108.6
100.9
98.2
102.8
98.7
91.1
49.9
49.7
49.6
46.3
48.3
46.4
44.7
45.5
42.4
41.7
All Ages
Source: Delaware State Police
Table 36:
Teen Crash Involvement by Hour
16-, 17-, 18-, and 19-year-old Drivers Licensed in Delaware Involved in Crashes by Hour
Fiscal Years 1996–2004, Graduated Licensing Enacted 07/01/99, Delaware
Age
Hour
16-year-old drivers
17-year-old drivers
18-year-old drivers
19-year-old drivers
FY ‘96
FY ‘97
FY ‘98
FY ‘99
GDL* FY ‘00
FY ‘01
FY ‘02
FY ‘03
FY ‘04
2201– 2300
43
46
45
48
23
15
15
10
13
2301– 2400
22
37
25
39
21
10
7
11
8
0001– 0100
22
12
17
15
15
10
6
10
2
0101-– 0200
2
8
9
11
6
7
3
1
2
0201– 0300
1
1
5
2
3
1
3
1
4
2201– 2300
41
45
48
56
40
44
32
50
32
2301– 2400
24
33
30
27
29
25
24
34
29
0001– 0100
30
28
28
20
30
16
16
19
16
0101-– 0200
13
11
14
8
14
9
7
16
11
0201– 0300
10
9
9
4
6
8
7
11
6
2201– 2300
47
50
39
61
56
37
46
46
42
2301– 2400
31
30
48
36
33
27
40
35
37
0001– 0100
24
26
20
24
34
29
30
19
24
0101-– 0200
18
14
11
18
24
26
32
13
13
0201– 0300
15
11
18
14
13
18
14
18
14
2201– 2300
27
42
42
33
38
47
30
33
46
2301– 2400
31
31
28
21
34
35
31
33
26
0001– 0100
19
36
31
25
31
23
22
21
31
0101-– 0200
17
20
15
15
18
25
28
14
20
0201– 0300
10
15
9
10
12
12
17
14
19
* GDL – Graduated Driver’s License implemented July 1, 1999
Source: Delaware State Police
KIDS COUNT in Delaware
139
Table 37:
Traffic Arrests of Teens Involved in Crashes
Number of Arrests for Teens Involved in Crashes by Violation, Delaware, 1993–2004
Title 21
Violation Description
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2118
No insurance
31
41
47
47
54
66
80
65
51
44
33
30
4107
Disobey traffic control device
48
93
100
117
134
138
125
72
28
29
16
19
4122
Unsafe lane change
49
43
53
63
76
87
115
81
85
104
63
78
4123
Following too closely
198
180
191
217
240
315
310
281
329
302
277
262
4132
Unsafe left turn
97
118
120
100
128
177
175
147
145
138
124
110
4133
Entering roadway unsafely
50
40
42
54
64
73
73
54
66
62
58
47
4164a&b
Stop sign violations
130
145
188
181
199
189
187
175
167
193
165
149
4168
Unsafe speed
142
143
212
172
215
211
190
223
231
197
199
198
4176a
Careless driving
307
341
378
506
459
454
377
379
365
410
410
291
4176b
Inattentive driving
431
484
580
626
716
831
842
758
779
761
684
677
4177
Driving under the influence
37
25
43
34
73
68
85
90
99
120
84
83
283
350
386
368
411
429
380
363
438
412
451
335
Other traffic arrests
Total Traffic Arrests
1,803 2,003 2,340 2,485 2,769 3,038 2,939 2,688 2,783 2,772 2,564 2,279
Source: Delaware State Police
Table 38:
Drivers in Fatal Crashes
Drivers (Licensed in Delaware) Involved in Fatal Crashes by Age, Fiscal Years 1996–2005
Age of Licensed Driver
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
16 years old
5
2
3
9
3
3
2
3
4
5
17 years old
6
4
6
5
3
4
6
3
9
3
18 years old
2
6
4
4
4
5
5
8
6
8
19 years old
3
2
3
5
7
4
2
4
3
6
152
129
130
140
108
138
139
156
156
158
All Ages
Source: Delaware State Police
140
KIDS COUNT in Delaware
Table 39:
Sexually Transmitted Diseases
Number of Cases of Chlamydia and Gonorrhea for 15–19 Year Olds by Race and Hispanic Origin*
Delaware, 1998–2005
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
Chlamydia
1,236
1,211
1,301
1,213
1,244
1,212
1,214
1,315
Gonorrhea
528
478
562
564
517
335
288
155
2,170
2,042
2,084
1,973
1,879
1,666
1,618
1,719
Chlamydia
342
362
387
314
343
328
343
369
Gonorrhea
87
52
60
76
76
61
51
30
All except HIV/AIDS**
549
538
487
434
452
442
435
467
Chlamydia
828
772
840
824
832
827
804
873
Gonorrhea
415
411
511
486
417
268
225
122
1,468
1,377
1,485
1,421
1,322
1,151
1,090
1,160
Chlamydia
52
65
80
56
59
78
47
86
Gonorrhea
18
18
14
27
17
9
6
15
All except HIV/AIDS**
80
92
102
87
83
57
99
106
Chlamydia
3
0
4
2
1
1
2
0
Gonorrhea
1
1
0
0
1
0
0
0
All except HIV/AIDS**
4
1
4
2
2
1
2
0
Chlamydia
4
4
11
7
5
1
2
3
Gonorrhea
2
1
7
5
1
1
1
1
All except HIV/AIDS**
7
5
18
13
8
2
3
4
Chlamydia
59
73
59
66
63
55
63
70
Gonorrhea
23
13
14
26
22
5
11
2
142
121
90
103
95
70
88
86
Delaware
All except HIV/AIDS**
White
Black
All except HIV/AIDS**
Hispanic*
Native American
Asian/Pacific Islander
Other
All except HIV/AIDS**
* Persons of Hispanic origin may be of any race. Hispanic cases are duplicated in the table as they are also listed by race.
**This data represents all STDs reported, excluding HIV/AIDS.
Source:
HIV/STD/HCV Program, Delaware Division of Public Health
KIDS COUNT in Delaware
141
Table 40:
8th Graders Using Substances
Percent of Participants in Delaware Survey of Public School 8th Graders Using Substances
(Cigarettes, Alcohol, Marijuana) in the Past 30 Days by Gender, Delaware and Counties, 2005
Area / Gender
Cigarettes
Alcohol
Marijuana
Delaware
10
23
12
Male
10
21
13
Female
11
25
12
10
21
12
Male
8
20
13
Female
10
23
12
10
24
11
Male
10
23
12
Female
10
26
10
13
26
14
Male
12
25
17
Female
13
28
11
New Castle
Kent
Sussex
Source: Center for Drug and Alcohol Studies, University of Delaware
Table 41:
11th Graders Using Substances
Percent of Participants in Delaware Survey of Public School 11th Graders Using Substances
(Cigarettes, Alcohol, Marijuana) in the Past 30 Days by Gender, Delaware and Counties, 2005
Area / Gender
Cigarettes
Alcohol
Marijuana
Delaware
16
40
23
Male
17
42
28
Female
16
37
18
15
37
22
Male
14
39
25
Female
15
35
19
17
44
21
Male
18
47
27
Female
15
42
16
20
43
25
Male
22
47
31
Female
18
38
19
New Castle
Kent
Sussex
Source: Center for Drug and Alcohol Studies, University of Delaware
142
KIDS COUNT in Delaware
Table 42:
Head Start/ECAP
Four-year-old Children Served in Head Start / Early Childhood Assistance
Delaware, School Years 1994/95 – 2004/05
94–95
95–96
96–97
97–98
98–99
99–00
00–01
01–02
02–03
03–04
04–05
Est. number of 4-yr.-olds in Head Start
855
865
886
931
925
922
1,129
891
833
709
489
Number of children in ECAP
153
289
401
554
843
843
843
843
843
843
843
Estimated number of 4-yr.-olds eligible
N/A
N/A
N/A
1,938
1,938
1,935
2,162
1,749
1,687
1,594
1,375
Percentage of eligible 4-yr.-olds served
N/A
N/A
N/A
77%
91%
91%
91%
99%
99%
97%
97%
Source: Delaware Department of Education
Table 43:
Limited English Proficiency
Number and Percent of Limited English Proficiency Students*
Delaware, School Years 1998/99 – 2004/05
Number Served**
Total Enrollment
Percent of Total Enrollment
98 – 99
99 – 00
00 – 01
01 – 02
02 – 03
03 – 04
04 – 05
1,858
1,981
2,352
3,003
3,516
4,220
4,651
113,190
113,848
114,770
115,517
116,460
117,723
119,882
1.6%
1.7%
2.0%
2.6%
3.0%
3.6%
3.9%
* Limited English Proficiency Student – an individual who was not born in the U.S. or whose native language is a language other than English; or is a Native American or Alaskan Native
and comes from an environment where a language other than English has had a significant impact on such individual’s level of English language proficiency; or an individual who has
sufficient difficulty speaking, reading, writing, or understanding the English language and whose difficulties may deny such individual the opportunity to learn successfully in classrooms
where the language of instruction is English.
** Number Served is the count of students enrolled on April 1. The total number of children served per year is higher.
Source: Delaware Department of Education
KIDS COUNT in Delaware
143
Table 44:
Delaware Student Testing Program (DSTP)
Delaware Student Testing Program, Percentage Meeting the Standard in Reading and Math
Delaware by Race and Hispanic Origin*, School Years 1997/98 – 2004/05
1997/98 1998/99 1999/00 2000/01 2001/02 2002/03 2003/04 2004/05
3rd Graders Reading
3rd Graders Math
5th Graders Reading
5th Graders Math
8th Graders Reading
8th Graders Math
10th Graders Reading
10th Graders Math
All Students
61.5
68.6
76.8
75.1
79.3
79.3
82.5
84.6
African American
42.5
49.8
62.4
58.8
64.9
65.3
70.2
74.1
Hispanic
39.5
48.7
62.7
57.4
72.3
73.2
74.6
78.9
White
71.6
78.7
84.9
85.3
87.8
87.6
89.9
90.8
All Students
54.8
63.5
72.7
73.4
72.0
73.6
77.9
79.2
African American
31.9
39.2
53.2
53.6
53.7
55.9
61.2
65.8
Hispanic
36.8
41.4
60.9
62.7
62.8
67.0
74.5
71.9
White
66.4
76.1
83.1
84.6
82.9
84.1
87.4
87.6
All Students
59.0
62.8
69.3
68.7
78.0
78.5
84.8
85.4
African American
37.2
40.1
48.1
48.4
6.4
64.3
72.7
75.3
Hispanic
36.7
46.2
54.6
49.7
61.5
68.6
84.2
79.8
White
70.8
73.8
79.9
79.9
86.7
87.0
91.5
91.4
All Students
52.3
55.4
62.1
65.0
67.2
71.0
75.8
77.4
African American
28.6
31.0
36.6
41.9
46.3
51.6
58.5
62.4
Hispanic
32.6
36.5
54.1
50.7
52.6
61.9
73.1
72.3
White
64.3
67.1
74.2
77.3
79.5
82.6
85.9
86.2
All Students
60.8
62.2
67.4
68.0
71.5
69.8
71.4
79.1
African American
39.7
43.2
47.3
49.9
54.4
54.6
54.7
67.8
Hispanic
39.9
41.0
48.8
49.4
57.6
55.3
55.4
67.2
White
70.8
70.8
77.0
77.4
79.9
78.7
82.2
86.9
All Students
36.1
35.8
41.2
40.2
48.1
47.2
50.8
53.3
African American
14.7
14.6
18.4
17.8
24.6
25.6
28.1
32.7
Hispanic
18.9
14.1
20.2
21.7
31.1
33.2
33.2
40.4
White
45.7
45.3
51.6
51.4
59.3
59.0
64.8
66.6
All Students
58.6
53.7
61.3
61.2
66.4
66.6
71.9
70.8
African American
36.8
31.8
39.8
39.8
45.4
46.3
51.9
51.9
Hispanic
37.4
34.8
42.0
37.0
47.6
43.9
55.3
55.0
White
67.2
63.2
70.8
70.6
76.2
76.5
79.9
80.1
All Students
36.1
35.8
41.2
42.9
48.1
47.2
53.7
52.7
African American
14.7
14.6
18.4
19.6
24.6
25.6
27.9
29.7
Hispanic
18.9
14.1
20.2
23.7
31.1
33.2
34.5
40.2
White
45.7
45.3
51.6
54.0
59.3
59.0
63.7
63.0
Note: All includes Native American and Asian
Source: Delaware Department of Education
144
KIDS COUNT in Delaware
Table 45:
AP Students
Advanced Placement (AP) Students in Delaware, School Years 2000/01 – 2003/04
Number of High Schools Offering AP Courses
Number of AP Courses Offered
Number of Students Taking at Least One AP Course
Total Enrollment Grades 9-12*
AP Participation Rate**
2000/01
2001/02
2002/03
2003/04
24
24
24
25
157
174
204
255
1,810
2,063
2,180
2,779
27,256
27,496
27,514
28,041
6.6
7.5
7.9
9.9
*Enrollment only in high schools offering AP Courses.
**The AP Participation Rate is the number of AP students per 100 students enrolled in grades 9–12 in high schools offering AP courses.
Source: Delaware Department of Education
Table 46:
AP Tests
Advanced Placement (AP) Tests Taken by Delaware Public School (PS) Students
and Percentage AP Tests Passed in U.S. and Delaware, 1997–2005
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
905
975
1,056
1,173
1,346
1,533
1,802
2,092
2,769
Number of AP Tests Taken by DE PS Students
1,346
1,493
1,660
1,919
2,261
2,719
3,046
3,624
4,916
Percent of AP Tests Passed by DE PS Students
58.0
59.4
62.7
56.2
58.8
61.8
55.9
55.6
48.7
Percent of AP Tests Passed by US PS Students
62.9
62.6
61.9
62.1
59.6
61.4
59.7
59.7
57.6
Number of AP Test Takers from DE Public Schools
Sources: College Board, Delaware Department of Education
KIDS COUNT in Delaware
145
Table 47:
Free and Reduced-Price Lunches
Average Number of Free and Reduced-Price Lunches Served Daily and Percent to Total Enrollment
Delaware and Counties, 1997/98 – 2004/05 School Years
Delaware
1997 – 98
#/%
1998 – 99
#/%
1999 – 00
#/%
2000 – 01
#/%
2001 – 02
#/%
2002 – 03
#/%
2003 – 04
#/%
2004 – 05
#/%
112,026
113,082
114,195
114,743
115,550
116,429
117,763
119,044
33,834
38,096
30,593
29,694
31,731
33,481
32,607
35,110
Reduced
6,955
6,936
6,927
7,339
7,442
7,745
7,177
7,265
% Free & Reduced
36.4%
33.8%
32.9%
32.3%
33.9%
35.4%
33.8%
35.6%
Enrollment
66,154
66,831
66,307
65,809
65,652
65,468
65,679
66,037
Free
19,416
21,190
17,553
16,490
17,896
19,193
17,546
19,192
Reduced
3,657
3,593
3,663
3,647
3,927
4,242
3,503
3,650
% Free & Reduced
34.9%
31.9%
32.0%
30.6%
33.2%
35.8%
32.0%
34.6%
24,835
25,005
24,817
24,630
24,598
24,324
24,165
24,730
Free
7,024
8,328
6,318
6,022
6,223
6,494
6,678
7,036
Reduced
1,853
1,712
1,667
1,866
1,691
1,674
1,661
1,589
% Free & Reduced
35.7%
33.7%
32.2%
32.0%
32.2%
33.6%
34.5%
34.9%
21,037
21,246
21,812
21,596
21,071
21,580
21,665
21,739
Free
7,394
8,578
6,567
6,551
6,627
7,043
7,225
7,536
Reduced
1,445
1,568
1,554
1,636
1,581
1,671
1,697
1,694
% Free & Reduced
42.0%
40.2%
37.2%
37.9%
39.0%
40.4%
41.2%
42.5%
Enrollment
N/A
N/A
1,259
2,708
4,229
5,057
6,254
6,538
Free
N/A
N/A
155
631
985
751
1,158
1,346
Reduced
N/A
N/A
43
190
243
158
316
332
% Free & Reduced
N/A
N/A
15.7%
30.3%
29.0%
18.0%
23.6%
25.7%
Enrollment
Free
New Castle
Kent
Sussex
Charter
Enrollment
Enrollment
Note: An indication of N/A means data was not available for that group or time period.
Source: Delaware Department of Education
146
KIDS COUNT in Delaware
Table 48:
Dropouts
Delaware Dropouts by Gender, Race / Ethnicity, and Age
Summary Statistics for Public School Students Grades 9–12, 2001/02 and 2003/04
2001 – 02
Annual Percentage
Dropout
of All
Rate %) Dropouts (%)
Total
Gender
Race / Ethnicity
2003 – 04
Annual Percentage
Dropout
of All
Rate (%) Dropouts (%)
6.1
100.0
5.4
100.0
6.1
100.0
Male
7.2
60.1
6.4
60.0
6.9
58.0
Female
4.9
39.9
4.4
40.0
5.2
42.0
Native American
5.3
0.2
2.9
0.2
9.3
0.5
African American
8.7
42.4
8.0
42.3
7.3
35.5
Asian/Pacific Islander
3.4
1.4
4.6
2.3
5.1
2.2
11.7
8.9
9.8
9.0
12.0
10.9
White
4.5
47.1
4.0
46.3
4.9
50.8
Less than 15
1.1
4.8
0.8
3.8
1.2
4.8
Age 15
1.7
7.3
1.7
8.0
2.9
12.7
Age 16
7.7
32.4
6.6
31.0
7.2
29.4
14.6
55.5
13.2
57.2
13.5
52.9
Hispanic
Age
2002 – 03
Annual Percentage
Dropout
of All
Rate (%) Dropouts (%)
17+
Source: Delaware Department of Education
Table 49:
Dropouts and Enrollment by Race / Ethnicity
Delaware Dropouts and Student Enrollment by Race, Public School Students Grades 9–12
Delaware and Counties, 2001/02 – 2003/04 School Years
Number of Enrolled Students, Grades 9 –12
School Year
2001-02
2002-03
2003-04
Area
Delaware
Black
Hispanic
Other
White/
All
Number of Dropouts, Grades 9 –12
Black
Hispanic
Other
White/
All
10,147
1,596
22,538
34,281
884
186
1,016
2,086
New Castle
6,385
1,142
12,497
20,024
651
158
638
1,447
Kent
2017
225
5117
7359
105
17
175
297
Sussex
1745
229
4924
6898
128
11
203
342
9,874
1,720
22,618
34,212
787
168
907
1,862
New Castle
6,279
1,227
12,481
19,987
558
141
488
1,187
Kent
2,001
232
5,213
7,446
119
8
199
326
Sussex
1,594
261
4,924
6,779
110
19
220
349
10,201
1,920
22,660
34,781
748
230
1,127
2,105
New Castle
6,585
1,357
12,510
20,452
487
171
597
1,255
Kent
2,049
267
5,265
7,581
147
27
261
435
Sussex
1,567
296
4,885
6,748
114
32
269
415
Delaware
Delaware
Source: Delaware Department of Education
KIDS COUNT in Delaware
147
Table 50:
Dropout Rate and Percentage by Race/Ethnicity
Dropout Rate and Percentage of All Dropouts by Race, Public School Students Grades 9–12
Delaware and Counties, 2001/02 – 2003/04 School Years
Annual Dropout Rate
School Year
2001-02
Area
Black
Delaware
2003-04
White/
Other
Hispanic
All
Black
Hispanic
White/
Other
All
8.7
11.7
4.5
6.1
42.4
8.9
48.7
100.0
10.2
13.8
5.1
7.2
31.2
7.6
30.6
69.4
Kent
5.2
7.6
3.4
4.0
5.0
0.8
8.4
14.2
Sussex
7.3
4.8
4.1
5.0
6.1
0.5
9.7
16.4
8.0
9.8
4.0
5.4
42.3
9.0
48.7
100.0
New Castle
8.9
11.5
3.9
5.9
30.0
7.6
26.2
63.7
Kent
5.9
3.4
3.8
4.4
6.4
0.4
10.7
17.5
Sussex
6.9
7.3
4.5
5.1
5.9
1.0
11.8
18.7
7.3
12.0
5.0
6.1
35.5
10.9
53.5
100.0
New Castle
7.4
12.6
4.8
6.1
23.1
8.1
28.4
59.6
Kent
7.2
10.1
5.0
5.7
7.0
1.3
12.4
20.7
Sussex
7.3
10.8
5.5
6.1
5.4
1.5
12.8
19.7
New Castle
2002-03
Percentage of All Dropouts
Delaware
Delaware
Source: Delaware Department of Education
Table 51:
Dropout Rate by Race/Ethnicity
Dropout Rate by Race / Ethnicity, Grades 9–12, Delaware, 1988/89 – 2003/04 School Years
Race/
Ethnicity
1988- 1989- 1990- 1991- 1992- 1993- 1994- 1995- 1996- 1997- 1998- 1999- 2000- 2001- 2002- 20031989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
Black
10.2
10.0
7.9
6.2
5.8
6.8
5.8
5.3
6.1
6.4
5.2
5.6
5.3
8.7
8.0
7.3
Hispanic
14.2
11.9
8.8
7.9
5.1
6.7
7.5
8.3
7.3
8.2
6.9
7.2
7.4
11.7
9.8
12.0
White
6.2
5.4
4.9
3.0
3.6
3.8
4.0
4.0
3.7
3.8
3.4
3.4
3.6
4.5
4.0
4.9
All
7.3
6.6
5.7
4.0
4.2
4.6
4.6
4.5
4.5
4.7
4.1
4.2
4.2
6.1
5.4
6.1
Source: Delaware Department of Education
148
KIDS COUNT in Delaware
Table 52:
Dropouts and Enrollment
by Race/Ethnicity and Gender
Student Enrollment and Dropouts by Race and Gender, Public School Students Grades 9–12
Delaware, 2001/02 – 2003/04 School Years
Number of Enrolled Students, Grades 9–12
School Year
2001-02
2002-03
2003-04
Gender
Black
Hispanic
White/
Other
All
Number of Dropouts, Grades 9–12
Black
Hispanic
White/
Other
All
Delaware
10,147
1,596
22.538
34,281
884
186
1,016
2,086
Male
5,017
826
11,601
17,444
557
100
596
1,253
Female
5,130
770
10,937
16,837
327
86
420
833
Delaware
9,874
1,720
22,618
34,212
787
168
907
1,862
Male
4,869
879
11,632
17,380
468
116
533
1,117
Female
5,005
841
10,986
16,832
319
52
374
745
Delaware
10,201
1,920
22,660
34,781
748
230
1,127
2,105
Male
5,090
976
11,669
17,735
466
129
626
1,221
Female
5,111
944
10,991
17,046
282
101
501
884
Source: Delaware Department of Education
Table 53:
Dropout Rate and Percentage
by Race/Ethnicity and Gender
Dropout Rate and Percentage of all Dropouts by Race and Gender, Public School Students Grades 9–12
Delaware, 2001/02 – 2003/04 School Years
Annual Dropout Rate
School Year
2001-02
Area
2003-04
Hispanic
White/
Other
All
Black
Hispanic
White/
Other
All
Delaware
8.7
11.7
4.5
6.1
42.4
8.9
48.7
100.0
Male
11.1
12.1
5.1
7.2
26.7
4.8
28.6
60.1
6.4
11.2
3.8
4.9
15.7
4.1
20.1
39.9
Delaware
8.0
9.8
4.0
5.4
42.3
9.0
48.7
100.0
Male
9.6
13.2
4.6
6.4
25.1
6.2
28.6
60.0
Female
6.4
6.2
3.4
4.4
17.1
2.8
20.1
40.0
Delaware
7.3
12.0
5.0
6.1
35.5
10.9
53.5
100.0
Male
9.2
13.2
5.4
6.9
22.1
6.1
29.7
58.0
Female
5.5
10.7
4.6
5.2
13.4
4.8
23.8
42.0
Female
2002-03
Black
Percentage of All Dropouts
Source: Delaware Department of Education
KIDS COUNT in Delaware
149
Table 54:
Graduation Rates
June graduates compared to the 9th grade class four years ago according to NCLB* definition
Public School Students in Delaware, 2000/01 – 2003/04 School Years
2000 – 01
2001 – 02
2002 – 03
2003 – 04
81.9
83.1
81.6
81.5
African American
74.9
74.8
74.6
73.4
Hispanic
61.5
71.2
70.1
64.2
White
85.2
86.8
85.4
85.7
Female
85.3
86.2
85.2
85.9
Male
78.3
79.9
78.0
77.2
Low-Income
66.4
68.5
69.0
68.0
Not Low-Income
89.0
89.6
88.0
87.6
With Disabilities
66.6
66.8
67.3
69.2
Without Disabilities
83.7
85.3
83.7
83.5
All Students
Race
Gender
Income
Disability Status
* NCLB – No Child Left Behind
Source: Delaware Department of Education
Table 55:
Teens Not in School and Not in the Labor Force
Number and Percentage of Teens (16–19 Yrs.) Not in School and Not in the Labor Force
Delaware, Counties and City of Wilmington, 2000 Census
Total
Non-Hispanic
White
Black
Other
Hispanic
Origin
739
507
165
56
64
1,758
868
553
211
301
502
366
91
36
32
1,112
466
415
145
212
High School Graduate
108
57
32
19
19
Not High School Graduate
454
57
271
89
123
High School Graduate
134
65
24
12
14
Not High School Graduate
233
176
40
15
8
High School Graduate
103
65
24
12
14
Not High School Graduate
413
226
98
51
81
Area
Delaware
High School Graduate
Not High School Graduate
New Castle
High School Graduate
Not High School Graduate
Wilmington
Kent
Sussex
* Persons of Hispanic Origin can be of any race.
Source: U.S. Bureau of the Census
150
KIDS COUNT in Delaware
Table 56:
Teens Not Graduated, Not Enrolled,
and Not Working
Three-Year Average Percentage of Persons (16–19 Yrs.) Not Graduated, Not Enrolled, and Not Employed
U.S. and Delaware, 1988–2005
1988- 1989- 1990- 1991- 1992- 1993- 1994- 1995- 1996- 1997- 1998- 1999- 2000- 2001- 2002- 20031990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
U.S.
Delaware
9.3
9.4
9.6
9.8
9.6
9.2
9.1
9.0
8.6
8.3
7.9
8.0
8.0
8.5
9.2
9.0
10.3
9.0
7.4
10.8
9.6
9.8
4.9
6.9
7.1
7.8
9.8
11.0
10.2
7.8
7.9
10.3
Source: Center for Applied Demography and Survey Research, University of Delaware
Table 57:
Teen Birth Rates (15–19 year olds)
Five-Year Average Live Birth Rates (births per 1,000) for Females Ages 15–19 by Race
U.S., Delaware, Counties, and City of Wilmington, 1986 –2003
Area/Race
19861990
19871991
19881992
19891993
19901994
19911995
19921996
19931997
19941998
19951999
19962000
19972001
19982002
19992003
U.S.
54.2
56.5
58.5
59.8
60.1
59.3
57.7
56.0
54.4
52.6
51.0
49.2
47.5
45.6
White
45.0
47.2
49.2
50.8
51.4
51.2
50.2
49.0
47.9
46.7
45.5
44.1
42.8
41.4
Black
106.2
109.5
111.7
112.0
110.5
106.9
101.6
96.8
92.2
87.7
84.5
81.0
76.7
72.4
Delaware
51.9
54.0
55.3
56.2
56.5
56.5
55.3
54.3
53.2
52.0
50.7
49.5
48.2
46.9
White
35.6
36.7
37.6
38.5
39.1
39.9
39.5
39.5
38.8
38.4
37.7
37.3
36.6
36.4
Black
116.5
121.9
124.4
124.6
123.0
119.4
113.7
108.2
104.0
98.8
94.9
90.1
85.7
80.3
44.5
46.2
47.6
48.1
48.1
48.2
47.7
46.1
45.8
44.9
44.1
42.6
42.8
41.9
White
28.5
29.3
30.2
30.9
31.6
32.5
32.6
31.3
30.9
30.4
29.9
29.6
30.8
31.2
Black
116.2
121.1
123.7
122.0
117.6
113.1
108.9
105.3
104.2
100.9
98.5
91.4
86.6
80.5
N/A
135.9
139.0
139.2
134.0
129.9
126.7
125.5
121.8
119.3
118.5
111.5
107.7
103.4
White
N/A
119.5
113.4
112.3
104.5
98.6
101.4
101.2
94.5
93.9
100.6
98.3
104.0
106.2
Black
N/A
157.4
165.1
166.8
162.4
158.3
151.7
149.4
145.4
141.4
138.2
128.8
121.5
114.4
62.1
64.3
64.9
66.9
67.1
66.6
64.1
61.2
57.8
56.7
55.2
54.6
52.3
51.1
White
52.1
52.8
53.4
54.7
54.6
53.7
53.1
52.1
50.6
50.5
50.6
49.8
46.4
45.0
Black
92.2
98.1
98.1
102.7
103.9
102.2
92.3
83.3
73.9
70.2
66.4
66.9
67.7
68.1
Sussex
74.4
78.1
79.3
80.1
81.1
81.6
79.2
83.0
80.9
77.8
73.8
71.9
64.7
60.5
White
51.5
54.7
55.1
56.2
56.4
57.8
56.2
63.3
62.5
61.4
58.4
56.0
48.9
46.3
Black
150.9
157.2
161.4
161.8
166.4
164.5
159.3
153.9
147.1
134.0
124.5
119.0
107.3
96.3
New Castle
Wilmington
Kent
Sources: Delaware Health Statistics Center; National Center for Health Statistics
KIDS COUNT in Delaware
151
Table 58:
Teen Birth Rates (15–17 year olds)
Five-Year Average Live Birth Rates (births per 1,000) for Females Ages 15–17
U.S., Delaware, and Counties, 1986 –2003
Area/Race
19861990
19871991
19881992
19891993
19901994
19911995
19921996
19931997
19941998
19951999
19962000
19972001
19982002
19992003
U.S.
33.8
35.5
36.7
37.6
37.8
37.5
36.5
35.3
33.8
32.1
30.3
28.5
26.7
25.1
Delaware
37.1
38.2
40.0
40.5
41.6
41.8
41.4
39.5
38.0
35.8
33.8
31.5
29.1
27.2
New Castle
34.3
35.7
37.3
37.6
38.3
38.8
38.5
36.2
34.9
33.3
31.8
29.4
28.1
26.7
Kent
41.0
40.7
40.5
41.8
42.1
41.1
41.1
38.0
35.4
33.4
31.8
30.2
28.5
27.1
Sussex
43.7
45.3
49.3
49.7
53.6
53.9
52.8
54.0
52.9
48.0
43.2
40.0
33.1
29.1
Sources: Delaware Health Statistics Center; National Center for Health Statistics
Table 59:
Pre- and Young Teen Birth Rates (10–14 year olds)
Five-Year Average Live Birth Rates (births per 1,000) for Females Ages 10–14 by Race
U.S., Delaware, and Counties, 1986 –2003
Area/Race
19861990
19871991
19881992
19891993
19901994
19911995
19921996
19931997
19941998
19951999
19962000
19972001
19982002
19992003
1.3
1.4
1.4
1.4
1.4
1.4
1.3
1.3
1.2
1.1
1.0
0.9
0.9
0.8
White
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.6
0.6
0.5
Black
4.9
4.9
4.9
4.8
4.7
4.6
4.3
4.0
3.7
3.3
2.9
2.6
2.3
2.1
Delaware
1.9
2.0
2.1
2.1
2.2
2.2
2.2
2.0
1.9
1.7
1.5
1.3
1.2
1.0
White
0.7
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.7
0.6
0.6
0.6
Black
5.9
6.1
6.5
6.3
6.7
6.5
6.3
5.6
5.5
4.5
3.9
3.3
2.8
2.2
1.7
1.9
2.0
2.0
2.1
2.1
2.1
1.8
1.8
1.6
1.4
1.2
1.0
0.9
White
0.6
0.7
0.7
0.8
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.6
0.6
0.6
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
Black
5.6
5.9
6.4
6.2
6.7
6.6
6.5
5.6
5.5
4.4
3.9
3.1
2.6
2.1
N/A
6.0
6.5
6.7
7.3
7.5
7.5
6.8
6.9
5.9
5.4
4.3
3.8
3.1
White
N/A
5.1
4.4
4.7
3.6
2.4
1.4
1.4
1.4
1.8
1.8
1.8
1.9
2.4
Black
N/A
7.0
7.8
8.0
9.3
10.0
10.3
9.3
9.4
7.8
7.0
5.4
4.7
3.7
1.7
1.9
1.8
1.8
1.9
1.7
1.7
1.5
1.5
1.6
1.5
1.2
1.2
0.9
White
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.9
0.9
0.8
1.1
1.0
0.9
0.9
0.9
0.6
0.5
0.5
Black
4.9
5.7
5.0
4.7
4.7
4.0
3.4
3.0
3.3
3.5
3.3
2.9
2.9
2.0
Sussex
2.7
2.6
2.7
2.6
2.8
3.1
3.0
2.9
2.8
2.3
2.0
1.8
1.7
1.4
White
1.0
1.0
0.9
0.8
0.8
1.0
1.1
1.2
1.2
1.3
1.1
1.1
1.1
0.9
Black
77.9
7.3
8.1
8.3
9.0
9.5
8.9
8.6
7.9
5.6
4.5
4.4
3.7
2.9
U.S.
New Castle
Wilmington
Kent
Sources: Delaware Health Statistics Center; National Center for Health Statistics
152
KIDS COUNT in Delaware
Table 60:
Births to Single Teens
Five-Year Average Percentage of Births to Females Under 20 Years of Age Who Are Single
By Race and Hispanic Origin* of Mother
U.S., Delaware, Counties, 1986 –2003
Area/Race
Hisp. Origin*
19861990
19871991
19881992
19891993
19901994
19911995
19921996
19931997
19941998
19951999
19962000
19972001
19982002
19992003
U.S.
65.3
66.9
68.1
69.3
71.0
72.6
74.0
75.6
77.0
77.6
78.3
78.9
79.3
79.8
White
53.4
55.5
57.3
59.0
61.4
63.7
65.7
67.8
69.7
70.7
71.8
72.6
73.3
74.1
Black
91.5
91.9
92.3
92.6
93.2
93.8
94.8
95.5
96.0
96.1
96.2
95.7
95.7
95.8
Hispanic*
N/A
N/A
N/A
61.6
63.6
65.2
66.5
68.3
70.3
71.0
72.0
72.9
73.3
73.9
Delaware
76.2
78.2
80.8
83.3
86.1
86.7
88.3
89.1
89.3
89.3
89.5
89.6
89.6
90.0
White
58.6
61.2
65.2
69.3
73.8
77.3
80.2
81.5
81.7
81.9
82.5
83.1
83.3
84.3
Black
992.9
94.0
94.9
95.7
96.7
97.4
97.7
97.9
97.9
97.9
97.8
97.7
97.6
97.6
Hispanic*
N/A
N/A
N/A
70.9
73.0
75.9
76.9
79.6
81.0
80.9
80.3
80.2
80.2
80.7
New Castle
79.4
81.4
84.1
86.4
88.8
90.6
91.6
92.5
92.6
92.5
92.5
92.4
92.0
92.3
White
65.3
68.2
72.3
76.5
80.6
83.4
85.2
86.5
86.6
86.6
86.6
86.8
86.5
87.1
Black
94.1
94.8
95.7
96.4
97.2
98.0
98.4
98.6
98.6
98.5
98.4
98.3
98.2
98.4
Hispanic*
N/A
N/A
N/A
73.0
75.5
78.3
79.1
81.3
81.3
80.5
79.0
78.1
78.6
79.9
Wilmington
N/A
91.4
92.9
93.6
95.3
96.2
96.7
96.9
97.1
96.8
96.6
96.5
96.2
96.0
White
N/A
75.0
78.2
80.9
85.8
87.3
87.4
88.5
88.8
87.1
86.4
87.5
86.1
85.4
Black
N/A
96.0
96.6
97.1
97.8
98.5
99.2
99.0
99.0
99.0
99.0
98.7
98.9
99.0
Hispanic*
N/A
N/A
N/A
77.7
81.5
83.4
84.0
85.0
86.0
84.6
83.2
82.9
81.9
81.8
65.3
67.7
71.0
75.1
78.1
80.1
81.7
82.1
81.1
81.6
82.6
83.8
84.1
84.0
White
49.2
50.9
56.1
61.6
66.3
68.4
71.9
72.3
71.0
71.4
73.4
75.5
76.0
76.7
Black
90.4
92.6
94.0
95.7
96.8
97.7
97.1
96.9
95.9
96.0
96.4
96.2
96.0
95.4
Hispanic*
N/A
N/A
N/A
80.0
75.4
76.2
77.1
78.1
76.5
79.1
76.2
81.3
76.9
71.6
70.9
72.8
74.5
76.0
79.6
82.6
85.5
86.7
87.8
87.9
88.1
87.9
88.1
89.3
White
51.2
54.5
56.7
59.3
64.5
70.5
75.4
78.4
80.0
80.7
81.7
81.9
82.5
84.9
Black
91.3
92.6
93.1
93.7
95.1
95.6
96.1
96.8
97.5
97.6
97.2
97.0
97.0
97.1
Hispanic*
N/A
N/A
N/A
50.9
59.2
65.2
68.5
74.6
82.5
83.1
85.9
85.7
86.0
86.1
Kent
Sussex
* Persons of Hispanic origin may be of any race
Sources: Delaware Health Statistics Center; National Center for Health Statistics
KIDS COUNT in Delaware
153
Table 61:
Births by Race, Hispanic Origin, and Age of Mother
Number and Percent of Live Births by Race, Hispanic Origin, and Age of Mother
Delaware, Counties, and City of Wilmington, 2003
Area/RaceHispanic Origin*
Total Births
to All Ages
Births to Teen Mothers
19 years old and under
Births to Teen Mothers
Less than 15 years old
Number
Percent
11,337
1,227
10.8
21
0.2
387
3.4
819
7.2
White
7,823
691
8.8
10
0.1
194
2.5
487
6.2
Black
2,865
504
17.6
11
0.4
185
6.5
308
10.8
Other
649
32
4.9
0
0.0
8
1.2
24
3.7
1,382
217
15.7
6
0.4
65
4.7
146
10.6
New Castle
7,174
712
9.9
15
0.2
235
3.3
462
6.4
White
4,885
380
7.8
6
0.1
105
2.1
269
5.5
Black
1,878
323
17.2
9
0.5
127
6.8
187
10.0
Other
411
9
2.2
0
0.0
3
0.7
6
1.5
Hispanic*
862
148
17.2
4
0.5
49
5.7
95
11.0
Wilmington
1,219
243
19.9
8
0.7
95
7.8
140
11.5
White
477
62
13.0
3
0.6
15
3.1
44
9.2
Black
728
178
24.5
5
0.7
79
10.9
94
12.9
Other
14
3
21.4
0
0.0
1
7.1
2
14.3
221
54
24.4
2
0.9
16
7.2
36
16.3
5,955
469
7.9
7
0.1
140
2.4
322
5.4
White
1,150
145
12.6
4
0.3
48
4.2
93
8.1
Black
1,083
134
12.4
2
0.2
40
3.7
92
8.5
Other
397
6
1.5
0
0.0
2
0.5
4
1.0
Hispanic*
641
94
14.7
2
0.3
33
5.1
59
9.23
2,062
243
11.8
2
0.1
71
3.4
170
8.2
White
1,444
146
10.1
1
0.1
44
3.0
101
7.0
Black
559
93
16.6
1
0.2
26
4.7
66
11.8
Other
59
4
6.8
0
0.0
1
1.7
3
5.1
121
17
14.0
0
0.0
4
3.3
13
10.7
2,101
272
12.9
4
0.2
81
3.9
187
8.9
White
1,494
165
11.0
3
0.2
45
3.0
117
7.8
Black
428
88
20.6
1
0.2
32
7.5
55
12.9
Other
179
19
10.6
0
0.0
4
2.2
15
8.4
Hispanic*
399
52
13.0
2
0.5
12
3.0
38
9.5
Hispanic*
Hispanic*
Balance of NC County
Kent
Hispanic*
Sussex
Percent
Number
Percent
Births to Teen Mothers
18–19 years old
Total Number
Delaware
Number
Births to Teen Mothers
15–17 years old
Number
Percent
* Persons of Hispanic origin may be of any race.
Note: Percentages may not add to 100% due to rounding. Percentages are calculated based upon the total number of births in each race group for all ages. Percentages for the race
group “Other” may be misleading due to the small number of births in this category.
Source: Delaware Health Statistics Center
154
KIDS COUNT in Delaware
Table 62:
Children with No Parent Working Full-time
Three-Year Average Percentage of Children Living in Families Where
No Parent Has Full-time, Year-round Employment
U.S. and Delaware, and Counties, 1989–2005
1989- 1990- 1991- 1992- 1993- 1994- 1995- 1996- 1997- 1998- 1999- 2000- 2001- 2002- 20031991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
U.S.
29.3
29.9
30.7
31.3
31.2
30.5
29.2
28.1
27.1
25.9
24.5
23.9
22.7
22.3
21.9
Delaware
24.6
25.8
24.2
26.0
23.6
25.6
26.0
26.4
25.1
24.4
22.4
20.1
17.9
18.3
18.9
Source: Center for Applied Demography and Survey Research, University of Delaware
Table 63:
Children in Poverty
Three-Year Average Percentage of Children (0-17) in Poverty
U.S., Delaware, and Counties, 1989 – 2005
1989- 1990- 1991- 1992- 1993- 1994- 1995- 1996- 1997- 1998- 1999- 2000- 2001- 2002- 20031991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
U.S.
19.9
20.7
21.4
22.1
22.1
21.8
21.0
20.4
19.8
18.6
17.3
16.4
16.4
16.9
17.4
Delaware
11.9
11.8
10.9
12.7
12.5
13.8
13.8
15.3
15.5
16.6
16.9
14.6
12.9
11.0
12.2
New Castle
13.2
14.8
12.9
13.2
11.5
13.9
13.0
13.3
12.7
12.8
12.6
9.2
8.5
7.6
9.7
Kent & Sussex
10.8
7.5
7.9
11.7
14.5
13.4
15.9
18.9
20.9
22.5
23.5
23.3
20.8
17.4
17.0
Source: Center for Applied Demography and Survey Research, University of Delaware
Table 64:
Children in Poverty by Household Structure
Three-Year Average Percentage of Children (0-17) in Poverty by Household Structure
Delaware, 1987–2005
1987- 1988- 1989- 1990- 1991- 1992- 1993- 1994- 1995- 1996- 1997- 1998- 1999- 2000- 2001- 2002- 20031989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
One Parent 47.3
Two Parents
4.1
38.6
30.6
28.5
29.7
33.0
34.5
33.9
32.2
33.2
31.4
31.7
31.9
31.1
28.0
23.2
24.9
4.9
5.1
4.3
2.2
3.2
3.4
4.2
4.3
4.3
6.3
7.1
8.2
6.4
6.3
5.8
6.0
Source: Center for Applied Demography and Survey Research, University of Delaware
KIDS COUNT in Delaware
155
Table 65:
Income of Families with Children by Family Type
Three-Year Average Median Income in U.S. Dollars of Households with Children under 18 by Family Type
U.S. and Delaware, 1992–2005
19921994
19931995
19941996
19951997
19961998
19971999
19982000
19992001
20002002
20012003
20022004
20032005
1-Parent
12,730
13,187
14,187
15,233
16,177
17,142
17,895
18,895
19,689
20,602
20,780
21,512
2-Parent
43,680
45,300
47,100
49,133
51,467
53,775
56,592
59,484
62,211
63,844
64,747
65,578
1-Parent
15,667
16,133
17,167
18,467
19,100
19,733
19,937
21,171
24,004
27,346
28,007
27,715
2-Parent
49,033
50,867
51,167
53,403
56,900
58,969
60,436
62,036
66,667
70,000
71,612
70,748
U.S.
Delaware
Source: Center for Applied Demography and Survey Research, University of Delaware
Table 66:
Poverty Thresholds
Poverty Thresholds by Size of Family and Number of Related Children Under 18 Years
Annual Income in Dollars, U.S., 2004
Related Children under 18 years old
Size of Family Unit
None
One person under 65 years old
$9,827
One person 65 years old or older
$9,060
One
Two
Three
Four
Five
Six
Seven
Two persons, householder under 65 years
$12,649
13,020
Two persons, householder 65 years or older
$11,418
12,971
Three persons
$14,776
15,205
15,219
Four persons
$19,484
19,803
19,157
19,223
Five persons
$23,497
23,838
23,108
22,543
22,199
Six persons
$27,025
27,133
26,573
26,037
25,241
24,768
Seven persons
$31,096
31,290
30,621
30,154
29,285
28,271
27,159
Eight persons
$34,778
35,086
34,454
33,901
33,115
32,119
31,082
30,818
Nine persons or more
$41,836
42,039
41,480
41,010
40,240
39,179
38,220
37,983
Note: Poverty thresholds for 2005 were not available at the time of publication. See http://www.census.gov/hhes/poverty/threshld.html for updated information.
Source: U.S. Census Bureau
156
KIDS COUNT in Delaware
Eight +
36,520
Table 67:
Births to Single Mothers
Five-year Average Percentage of Live Births to Single Mothers by Race and Hispanic Origin
U.S. and Delaware, 1986 –2003
Area/Race1986Hispanic Origin 1990
19871991
19881992
19891993
19901994
19911995
19921996
19931997
19941998
19951999
19962000
19972001
19982002
19992003
U.S.
25.8
27.0
28.1
29.1
30.2
31.1
31.6
32.1
32.5
32.6
32.8
33.0
33.3
33.7
White
18.0
19.2
20.4
21.5
22.7
23.7
24.5
25.2
25.7
26.0
26.4
26.8
27.3
27.9
Black
63.9
65.2
66.4
67.4
68.3
69.0
69.7
70.0
70.1
69.8
69.5
68.8
68.6
68.5
Hispanic*
N/A
N/A
N/A
38.1
39.6
40.3
40.8
41.1
41.4
41.3
41.6
42.0
42.5
43.2
Delaware
28.4
29.5
30.5
31.8
32.9
33.5
34.3
35.0
35.7
36.5
37.1
38.0
38.9
39.8
White
15.4
16.3
17.3
18.6
20.0
21.5
22.7
23.7
24.4
25.4
26.2
27.2
28.5
30.0
Black
68.7
69.7
70.6
72.1
72.6
73.0
73.2
72.9
72.7
72.4
72.2
72.0
71.8
71.1
Hispanic*
N/A
N/A
N/A
45.2
46.8
49.1
50.9
51.4
50.9
51.1
50.8
51.6
52.9
55.0
26.7
27.6
28.7
29.8
30.7
31.8
32.3
32.7
33.4
34.2
34.8
35.6
36.7
37.6
White
14.5
15.1
16.1
17.2
18.3
19.8
20.7
21.3
21.9
22.7
23.4
24.5
26.0
27.6
Black
69.8
70.6
71.5
72.5
72.8
72.9
73.0
72.3
71.9
71.8
71.6
71.1
70.8
70.2
Hispanic*
N/A
N/A
N/A
46.5
46.9
49.4
49.4
49.3
47.8
47.5
47.0
48.0
49.5
52.3
Wilmington
N/A
61.0
62.6
63.7
64.7
65.5
66.0
66.6
66.9
67.5
67.7
68.1
68.5
69.0
White
N/A
30.1
32.0
33.1
35.0
35.8
36.8
37.5
37.6
37.6
38.5
39.6
40.9
42.7
Black
N/A
78.9
79.7
81.1
82.1
83.0
83.7
84.2
84.0
84.5
84.6
84.8
85.0
85.3
Hispanic*
N/A
N/A
N/A
60.7
61.8
63.4
63.3
63.2
62.4
61.2
60.1
60.1
61.1
63.3
27.1
28.4
29.6
31.3
32.4
33.6
34.6
35.3
36.0
37.3
38.0
38.8
39.2
40.0
White
16.5
17.7
19.5
21.0
22.4
23.5
24.7
25.3
25.7
26.8
27.6
28.6
29.0
30.1
Black
60.6
62.0
62.4
64.8
65.9
67.0
68.4
69.0
69.6
70.1
70.5
70.1
70.3
69.6
Hispanic*
N/A
N/A
N/A
35.7
38.1
39.6
45.8
46.2
46.9
46.7
44.9
42.2
41.3
41.1
33.5
34.9
35.5
37.2
39.1
40.4
41.6
43.2
43.7
44.1
44.7
45.7
46.6
47.6
White
18.2
19.7
20.4
22.2
24.3
26.3
28.7
31.2
32.4
33.7
34.7
35.4
36.7
37.9
Black
73.2
74.9
75.5
77.8
78.2
78.5
78.0
78.6
78.2
77.3
76.4
77.6
77.5
76.9
Hispanic*
N/A
N/A
N/A
47.5
52.0
53.2
56.8
58.0
59.0
60.5
61.4
63.1
64.7
65.6
New Castle
Kent
Sussex
* Persons of Hispanic origin may be of any race. Hispanic data is not available before the 1989-1993 time period.
** Wilmington data is not available before the 1987-1991 time period.
Source: Delaware Health Statistics Center; National Center for Health Statistics
KIDS COUNT in Delaware
157
Table 68:
Births to Single Mothers by Age
Five-year Average Percentage of Live Births to Single Mothers by Age, Race, and Hispanic Origin
U.S., Delaware, Counties and City of Wilmington, 1997–2003
Area Age
U.S.
All Races
97– 01 98– 02 99– 03
White
97– 01 98– 02 99– 03
Black
97– 01 98– 02 99– 03
33.0
33.3
33.7
26.8
27.3
27.9
68.8
68.6
68.5
42.0
42.5
43.2
<20
78.9
79.3
79.8
72.6
73.3
74.1
95.7
95.7
95.8
72.9
73.3
73.9
20–24
43.5
45.3
46.3
35.7
37.5
38.8
84.1
87.8
88.3
45.7
47.5
49.0
25–29
23.0
23.7
24.5
18.1
18.8
19.7
57.0
57.4
57.9
32.1
33.1
34.3
30+
14.4
14.4
14.6
11.1
11.3
11.6
42.5
42.1
41.7
25.4
25.8
26.3
Delaware
38.0
38.9
39.8
27.2
28.5
30.0
72.0
71.8
71.1
51.6
52.9
55.0
<20
89.6
89.6
90.0
83.1
83.3
84.3
97.7
97.6
97.6
80.2
80.2
80.7
20–24
61.4
63.1
64.7
49.8
52.1
54.8
84.8
85.4
85.1
59.4
61.6
64.5
25–29
25.4
26.8
28.5
17.7
19.0
20.8
57.4
58.1
59.1
40.2
41.8
44.5
30+
14.4
14.8
15.2
9.8
10.4
10.8
41.3
40.0
39.1
31.7
33.0
35.0
38.8
39.2
40.0
28.6
29.0
30.1
70.1
70.3
69.6
42.2
41.3
41.1
<20
83.8
84.1
84.0
75.5
76.0
76.7
96.2
96.0
95.4
81.3
76.9
71.6
20–24
50.2
50.7
52.3
37.6
38.3
40.6
80.5
80.7
79.7
46.1
42.9
46.2
25–29
24.8
26.4
28.1
17.6
18.5
20.1
54.7
57.4
57.3
29.6
30.0
32.2
30+
16.7
16.4
16.3
12.2
12.2
12.1
37.7
36.2
35.9
24.4
24.7
22.2
35.6
36.7
37.6
24.5
26.0
27.6
71.1
70.8
70.2
48.0
49.5
52.3
<20
92.4
92.0
92.3
86.8
86.5
87.1
98.3
98.2
98.4
78.1
78.6
79.9
20–24
66.4
68.3
70.1
55.4
58.0
61.0
86.4
87.2
87.3
56.4
59.0
63.1
25–29
24.0
25.3
26.9
15.8
17.3
19.2
56.9
57.2
58.1
34.8
37.0
40.0
30+
13.1
13.4
13.7
8.3
8.8
9.3
41.8
40.0
38.9
29.0
29.1
31.1
68.1
68.5
69.0
39.6
40.9
42.7
84.8
85.0
85.3
60.1
61.1
63.3
<20
96.5
96.2
96.0
87.5
86.1
85.4
98.7
98.9
99.0
82.9
81.9
81.8
20–24
83.5
84.3
85.1
64.4
66.7
69.5
91.3
91.5
91.6
63.3
66.8
69.0
25–29
55.0
55.9
57.7
30.5
31.7
35.8
74.0
74.7
75.2
47.9
48.5
52.5
30+
36.3
36.0
35.9
16.8
17.4
17.2
61.3
60.9
61.7
43.5
43.2
44.6
28.7
29.9
30.9
23.0
24.5
26.0
60.3
59.9
59.2
42.5
45.0
48.0
<20
90.1
89.7
90.2
86.7
86.5
87.4
97.7
97.3
97.4
74.9
76.5
78.9
20–24
60.5
62.7
65.0
54.2
56.8
59.8
81.7
83.1
83.3
53.1
55.7
60.6
25–29
18.9
20.3
21.8
14.5
16.0
17.7
46.6
47.0
48.5
29.5
32.9
35.9
30+
10.3
10.6
11.0
7.6
8.1
8.6
32.7
31.1
30.1
23.9
24.5
27.3
45.7
46.6
47.6
35.4
36.7
37.9
77.6
77.5
76.9
63.1
64.7
65.6
<20
87.9
88.1
89.3
81.9
82.5
84.9
97.0
97.0
97.1
85.7
86.0
86.1
20–24
60.4
62.7
64.1
50.1
54.0
56.1
84.0
83.9
83.3
69.2
72.0
72.8
25–29
31.2
32.7
35.1
24.3
25.5
26.9
63.0
63.8
66.3
54.8
56.0
57.5
30+
19.0
20.3
21.2
14.9
16.1
16.8
43.2
44.5
45.0
43.9
47.7
49.8
Kent
New Castle
Wilmington
Bal. of NC Co.
Sussex
* Persons of Hispanic origin may be of any race. Hispanic data is not available before the 1989-1993 time period.
Source: Delaware Health Statistics Center; National Center for Health Statistics
158
Hispanic*
97– 01 98– 02 99– 03
KIDS COUNT in Delaware
Table 69:
Children in One-Parent Households
Three-Year Average Percentage of Children (0-17) in One-Parent Households
U.S. and Delaware, 1987–2005
1987- 1988- 1989- 1990- 1991- 1992- 1993- 1994- 1995- 1996- 1997- 1998- 1999- 2000- 2001- 2002- 20031989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
U.S.
29.2
28.1
26.7
27.5
28.1
28.8
29.3
30.1
30.5
30.8
30.7
30.4
29.9
29.7
29.9
30.6
30.9
Delaware
32.2
33.2
32.1
33.5
31.8
32.8
29.8
32.7
34.4
38.3
37.0
38.9
37.5
33.7
31.0
31.1
33.6
Source: Center for Applied Demography and Survey Research, University of Delaware
Table 70:
Poverty Rates for One-Parent Families
Poverty Rates for One-Parent Female (FHH) and Male (MHH)
Householder Families With Related Children Under 18 Years of Age
Delaware and Counties, 2000 Census
Area
One-Parent
FHH Families
FHH Families
below poverty
Number
Percent
One-Parent
MHH Families
MHH Families
below Poverty
Number
Percent
Risk of Poverty
Ratio
(FHH vs. MHH)*
Delaware
26,419
6,950
26.3
7,143
914
12.8
2.1
New Castle
16,777
3,991
23.8
4,389
528
12.0
2.0
Kent
4,832
1,461
30.2
1,299
154
11.9
2.5
Sussex
4,810
1,498
31.1
1,455
232
16.0
1.9
* Female-headed one-parent families are 2.1 times more likely to be in poverty than male-headed one-parent families .
Source: Center for Applied Demography and Survey Research, 2000 Census, U.S. Bureau of the Census
Table 71:
Poverty Rates for Female-Householder Families
Poverty Rates for One-Parent Female-Householder (FHH) Families
With Related Children Under 18 Years of Age
Delaware and Counties, 1990 and 2000 Census
1990
Area
Delaware
17,625
5,609
31.8
26,419
6,950
26.3
–17.3
11,625
3,202
27.5
16,777
3,991
23.8
–13.5
Kent
3,193
1,257
39.4
4,832
1,461
30.2
–23.4
Sussex
2,807
1,150
41.0
4,810
1,498
31.1
–24.1
New Castle
FHH Families
below poverty
Number
Percent
One-Parent
FHH Families
2000
One-Parent
FHH Families
FHH Families
below Poverty
Number
Percent
Percent
Change
1989 –1999
Source: Center for Applied Demography and Survey Research, 2000 Census, U.S. Bureau of the Census
KIDS COUNT in Delaware
159
Table 72:
Female-Headed Families in Poverty
Three-Year Average Percentage Families in Poverty with Single Female Head and Children Under 18
U.S. and Delaware, 1988 –2005
1988- 1989- 1990- 1991- 1992- 1993- 1994- 1995- 1996- 1997- 1998- 1999- 2000- 2001- 2002- 20031990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
U.S.
45.2
42.4
42.9
43.7
44.0
43.1
41.7
40.2
39.3
38.3
36.4
33.5
31.8
31.2
32.3
33.1
Delaware
32.4
26.0
25.5
26.6
31.2
33.0
31.2
28.2
28.0
28.1
31.3
30.8
28.3
22.8
18.8
20.0
Source: Center for Applied Demography and Survey Research, University of Delaware
Table 73:
Median Income of Female-Headed Families
Three-Year Average Percentage Median Income of Families
with Children Under 18 and Single Female Head
U.S. and Delaware, 1990 –2005
19901992
19911993
19921994
19931995
19941996
19951997
19961998
19971999
19982000
19992001
20002002
20012003
20022004
20032005
U.S.
11,246 11,258 11,495 11,800 12,955 13,835 14,540 15,293 16,480 17,867 19,067 19,712 19,812 20,091
Delaware
13,773 14,056 13,773 14,493 15,720 17,550 18,429 17,711 17,044 18,675 22,633 26,047 27,022 25,797
Source: Center for Applied Demography and Survey Research, University of Delaware
Table 74:
Current Child Support Owed that Is Paid
Percent of Current Child Support Owed that Is Paid
U.S. and Delaware, Fiscal Years 1989–2005
1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
U.S.
47.6
53.0
48.0
55.4
52.7
54.0
53.0
52.0
54.0
50.8
53.1
56.1
57.0
57.6
58.0
59.0
N/A*
Delaware
61.0
58.7
58.4
59.3
56.1
59.9
62.0
61.4
60.2
61.0
55.3
58.7
59.8
60.7
60.7
60.3
60.5
* U.S. data is not available for 2005.
Note: This Federal performance measure is based on the ratio of Current Child Support Collected / Current Child Support Due.
Source: Office of Child Support Enforcement – 157 Report: Child Support Enforcement Annual Report to Congress
160
KIDS COUNT in Delaware
Table 75:
Home Ownership
Percent of Home Ownership, U.S. and Delaware, 1989–2004
1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
U.S.
63.9
63.9
64.1
64.1
64.5
64.0
64.7
65.4
65.7
66.3
66.8
67.4
67.8
67.9
68.3
69.0
Delaware
68.7
67.7
70.2
73.8
74.4
70.5
71.7
71.5
69.2
71.0
71.6
72.0
75.4
75.6
77.2
77.3
Source: U.S. Census Bureau Housing Vacancy Survey
Table 76:
Child Abuse and Neglect
Reported and Confirmed Reports of Child Abuse / Neglect, Delaware, Fiscal Years 1993–2005
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
Accepted reports
4,541
4,886
5,584
5,117
6,382
6,384
6,340
5,891
5,953
5,706
5,601
5,236
5,797
Substantiated reports
1,771
1,856
1,787
1,740
2,031
2,019
1,463
1,260
1,247
1,073
1,013
1,004
1,325
Source: Delaware Department of Services for Children, Youth and Their Families
Table 77:
Foster Care
Children in Out-of-Home Care, Delaware, Fiscal Years 1990 –2005
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
Average number
of children per month
678
Total number in year
N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 1,601 1,514 1,516 1,403 1,252 1,214 1,141 1,293
Rate per 1,000 children
N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
743
725
729
793
892
925
828
899
8.4
936
980
7.9
7.8
900
7.2
811
714
6.3
6.1
708
754
5.7
6.4
Note: An indication of N/A means data was not available for that group or time period.
Source: Delaware Department of Services for Children, Youth and Their Families
Table 78:
Juvenile Delinquents in Out-of-Home Care
Rate of Juvenile Delinquents in Out-of-Home Care per 1,000 youth 10 –17
Delaware, 1996–2005
December 31 count
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
5.2
4.9
4.7
4.7
5.2
4.6
4.0
3.8
3.6
3.6
Source: Delaware Department of Services for Children, Youth and Their Families
KIDS COUNT in Delaware
161
Table 79:
Health Insurance
Three-Year Average Percentage Persons (0–64) without Health Insurance
U.S. and Delaware, 1986 –2005
1986- 1987- 1988- 1989- 1990- 1991- 1992- 1993- 1994- 1995- 1996- 1997- 1998- 1999- 2000- 2001- 2002- 20031988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
U.S.
17.2 16.3 15.6 15.3 15.6 16.1 16.6 17.0 17.2 17.3 17.7 18.1 18.0 17.2 16.6 16.5 17.1 17.5
Delaware
16.7 14.1 14.0 14.2 15.7 14.2 14.0 14.2 15.8 15.8 15.7 15.7 15.0 13.9 11.7 11.2 11.4 13.4
Source: Center for Applied Demography and Survey Research, University of Delaware
Table 80:
Subsidized Child Care
Number of Children in State Subsidized Child Care
Projected Monthly Averages, Delaware, Fiscal Years 1995–2005
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
5,743
6,919
8,482
9,592
10,200
11,640
12,613
13,010
13,334
13,813
14,021
Welfare Reform**
2,427
3,366
3,742
4,262
3,743
3,200
2,351
2,135
2,213
2,361
2,449
Income Eligible***
3,316
3,553
4,740
5,330
6,457
8,440
10,262
10,875
11,121
11,452
11,572
Delaware Totals
** The welfare reform numbers refer to the number of children in families who received Temporary Aid to Needy Families (TANF) that year or received TANF child care for one year after
leaving the TANF program.
*** The income eligible numbers reflect the working poor families below 200% of poverty. 90% of children with authorization to receive subsidized child care attend in a given month.
Source: Delaware Department of Health and Social Services, Division of Social Services
Table 81:
Available Child Care
Number of Licensed Child Care Slots, Delaware, 1994–2004
1994
Child Care Centers*
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003‡
2004‡
2005‡
17,117 18,269 19,328 20,371 23,404 24,937 25,665 25,986 26,584 29,313 34,945 37,878
Family Child Care Homes** 11,459 16,412 14,935 15,197 14,297 14,067 13,309 13,143 12,757 12,672 12,459 11,406
Large Family
Child Care Homes***
Totals
488
514
519
535
601
549
571
598
KIDS COUNT in Delaware
672
692
777
29,064 35,195 34,782 36,103 38,302 39,553 39,545 39,727 39,981 42,657 48,096 50,061
‡ Reflects the addition of child care centers providing part time care
* Child Care Center – 13 or more children. Increase in 2003 and 2004 reflects the addition of child care centers providing part time care
** Family Child Care Homes – 1 person caring for no more than 6 children
*** Large Family Child Care Homes – 2 people caring for a group of 7–12 children
Source: Delaware Department of Services for Children, Youth and Their Families
162
640
Table 82:
School Age Programs
Number of Before- or After-School Programs, Delaware and Counties, 2005
Type of care
Total
Child Care Centers
Family Child Care
School Age Only
Delaware
School Age
New Castle County
Total
School Age
Kent County
Total
School Age
Sussex County
Total
School Age
267
230
173
160
45
35
48
42
1,511
1,317
924
772
257
234
330
311
142*
123
96*
80
28
28
18*
15
* These numbers include school age only family child care programs.
Source: The Family and Workplace Connection
Table 83:
Site-Based Public School Age Programs
Number and Percent of School Age Child Care Located at Schools, Delaware and Counties, 2004–05
Delaware
Total School Age
New Castle County
Total School Age %
%
Kent / Sussex County
Total School Age
%
Elementary Schools
90
76
84%
50
45
90%
40
32
80%
Middle Schools
40
10
25%
23
4
17%
17
6
35%
Source: The Family and Workplace Connection
Table 84:
Child Care Costs
Weekly Cost in Dollars to Families for Child Care by Child’s Age
Delaware, Wilmington, and Counties, 2005
Age
Delaware
Min. Aver. High
Wilmington
Min. Aver. High
New Castle County
Min. Aver. High
Kent County
Min. Aver. High
Sussex County
Min. Aver. High
0–12 months
67
131 242
60
124 197
88
148 242
60
104 132
68
100 142
12–24 months
63
121 213
60
114 180
70
135 213
78
99
128
65
94
133
2 years old
63
115 206
60
106 180
68
129 206
78
96
122
63
90
125
3 years old
60
112 193
40
104 169
62
125 193
78
96
122
63
90
125
4 years old
48
110 187
20
100 169
58
123 187
78
96
122
55
86
124
Kindergarten
41
99
183
20
90
140
46
109 183
56
81
109
53
80
120
School Age
31
75
141
25
76
150
24
59
56
81
109
41
70
101
115
Source: The Family and Workplace Connection
KIDS COUNT in Delaware
163
Table 85:
Juvenile Violent Crime Arrests
Juvenile Violent Crime Arrests, Delaware and Counties, 1988–2002
Area
1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002
Delaware
191
214
374
594
537
525
514
588
629
549
557
654
627
621
559
139
133
251
254
317
328
321
382
414
334
298
361
378
409
371
Kent
24
38
54
70
107
100
90
93
102
96
121
147
123
98
100
Sussex
29
43
69
70
113
97
103
113
113
119
138
146
126
114
83
New Castle
Source: Statistical Analysis Center
Table 86:
Juvenile Part I Violent Crime Arrests
Arrest of Children under 18 Years of Age by Type of Crime, Delaware, 1989–2002
Crime Type
1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002
Part I Violent
214
374
394
537
525
514
588
629
549
557
654
627
621
559
Murder, Nonneg. Manslaughter
4
5
5
3
2
2
4
8
0
4
0
3
2
3
Manslaughter by Negligence
1
0
1
2
3
1
1
0
2
3
2
1
1
0
Forcible Rape
33
47
50
57
70
47
52
49
62
69
76
60
61
48
Robbery
28
105
88
133
121
144
171
168
141
137
154
139
155
161
148
215
250
342
329
320
360
404
344
334
422
424
402
348
Aggravated Assault
Source: Statistical Analysis Center
Table 87:
Juvenile Part I Property Crime Arrests
Juvenile Arrests for Part I Property Crimes*, Delaware and County, 1990–2002
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
1,961
1,964
2,307
2,159
2,211
2,156
2,225
1,957
1,711
1,851
1,954
2,226
1,775
1,231
1,233
1,443
1,372
1,363
1,305
1,248
1,060
824
1,010
1,020
1,210
914
Kent
440
452
528
374
470
415
527
482
470
427
490
558
415
Sussex
290
279
336
413
378
436
450
415
417
414
444
458
446
Delaware
New Castle
* Part 1 Property Crimes: Burglary – Breaking or Entering, Larceny– Theft (Except MV Theft), Arson
Source: Statistical Analysis Center
164
KIDS COUNT in Delaware
Table 88:
Juvenile Part II Crime Arrests
Juvenile Arrests for Part II Crimes*, Delaware and County, 1990 –2002
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
3,955
4,018
3,795
4,005
3,911
4,492
4,869
4,500
4,348
5,535
6,110
6,260
6,085
2,556
2,649
2,260
2,363
2,173
2,456
2,637
2,441
2,135
3,214
3,677
3,718
3,621
Kent
658
631
695
740
756
852
927
914
956
957
1,090
1,226
1,108
Sussex
741
738
840
702
982
1,184
1,305
1,145
1,257
1,384
1,343
1,316
1,356
Delaware
New Castle
* Part II Offenses: Drug Abuse Violations (Sales / Manufacturing and Possession), Other Assaults, Fraud, Stolen Property (Buying, receiving, Possessing, etc.), Sex Offences (except Rape
and Prostitution), Liquor Laws, Disorderly Conduct, All Other Offenses (Except Traffic), Curfew and Loitering Law Violation
Source: Statistical Analysis Center
Table 89:
Juvenile Drug Arrests
Arrest of Children under 18 Years of Age by Type of Crime, Delaware, 1990–2002
Crime Type
Drug Offenses
Drug Sales, Manufacturing
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002
277
374 295
316
398
567
590
576
503
651
723
699
728
72
101
65
63
63
84
67
53
51
65
58
49
53
66
90
60
53
57
72
52
40
43
45
32
32
39
Marijuana
6
9
5
10
6
11
12
12
5
16
24
11
13
Synthetic/ Manufactured narcotics
0
0
0
0
0
0
3
0
0
0
0
1
0
Other Dangerous Non-Narcotics
0
2
0
0
0
1
0
1
3
4
2
5
1
205
273 230
253
335
483
523
523
452
586
665
650
675
132
205 145
104
118
122
99
128
128
108
108
124
112
Opium, Cocaine & Derivatives
Drug Possession
Opium, Cocaine & Derivatives
Marijuana
73
63
74
148
212
350
408
362
315
464
544
498
516
Synthetic/ Manufactured Narcotics
0
0
0
0
0
2
0
0
0
0
1
0
1
Other Dangerous Non-Narcotics
0
5
11
1
5
9
16
13
9
14
12
28
46
Source: Statistical Analysis Center
KIDS COUNT in Delaware
165
Table 90:
Student Violence and Possession
Number of Student Conduct Offenses and Number and Percent of Offenders
Delaware, 1998/99–2003/04 School Years
Student Conduct and State Board
of Education Incidents
98/99
99/00
00/01
01/02
02/03
03/04
Number of Student Conduct Reports
1,535
1,363
1,426
1,285
1,683
1,738
+55
347
409
554
537
637
1,160
+523
0
2
7
10
0
0
0
Total Reports Filed
1,882
1,774
1,987
1,832
2,320
2,898
+578
Number of Offenders*
1,872
2,099
2,332
2,084
1,769
3,113
+1,344
Number of Unduplicated**
1,678
1,821
1,985
1,717
1,530
2,448
+918
1.5%
1.6%
1.7%
1.5%
1.3%
2.1%
Number of State Board of Education Reports
Unknown / Incomplete
Percent of Student Population
02/03– 03/04
Change
+0.8%
* includes non-student offenders, unknown offenders, and a duplicated count for students reported for multiple offenses
** includes non-student offenders, unknown offenders, and an unduplicated count for students reported for multiple offenses
Delaware Code, Title 14, §4112: Signed in July 1993 requires that evidence of certain incidents of student conduct that occur in Delaware schools be reported to the Secretary of Education and to the Youth Division of the Delaware State Police.
SBE (State Board of Education) Reports: Expands the reporting requirements of Delaware Code, Title 14, §4112 to include evidence of other incidents involving school children such as
arson and forgery.
Alternative Schools are not included in county breakdowns but are included in Delaware total.
Source: Delaware Department of Education
Table 91:
Student Violence and Possession by County
Reports of Student Violence and Possession
Delaware and Counties, 1998/99–2003/04 School Years
Number of Offenses
98/99
99/00
00/01
01/02
02/03
03/04
02/03 – 03/04 Change
New Castle County
1,171
1,086
1,117
1,033
1,177
1,197
+20
Kent County
359
350
499
525
532
668
+136
Sussex County
280
311
361
259
599
737
+138
Charter Schools
72
27
10
15
12
129
+117
1,882
1,774
1,987
1,832
2,320
2,731
411
Total State
Source: Delaware Department of Education
166
KIDS COUNT in Delaware
Table 92:
Student Violence and Possession by Age
Student Violence Data (Delaware Code, Title 14, §4112 and SBE) by Age
Delaware, 2000/01 – 2003/04 School Years
Age Range*
2000–2001
Frequency of
Offenses Percent
2001–2002
Frequency of
Offenses Percent
2002–2003
Frequency of
Offenses Percent
2003–2004
Frequency of
Offenses Percent
4–6
20
0.9%
15
0.7%
5
0.2%
57
1.8%
7–9
170
7.3%
163
7.8%
112
5.4%
264
8.5%
10–12
478
20.5%
453
21.7%
360
17.3%
847
27.2%
13–15
1,007
43.2%
930
44.6%
710
34.1%
1,220
39.2%
16–21
616
26.4%
497
23.8%
571
27.4%
709
22.8%
2
0.1%
1
0.1%
0
0.0%
8
0.3%
Non-Student
18
0.8%
15
0.7%
3
0.1%
4
0.1%
Unknown Offender Type
21
0.9%
10
0.5%
8
0.4%
4
0.1%
Unknown Age (Student)
Total
2,332
1,769
2,084
3,113
* Counts for specific age groups are limited to student offenders
Delaware Code, Title 14, §4112: Signed in July 1993 requires that evidence of certain incidents of student conduct that occur in Delaware schools be reported to the Secretary of Education and to the Youth Division of the Delaware State Police. SBE (State Board of Education) Reports: Expands the reporting requirements of Delaware Code, Title 14, §4112 to include
evidence of other incidents involving school children such as arson and forgery.
Source: Delaware Department of Education
Table 93:
Student Violence and Possession by Race/Ethnicity
Reports of Student Violence (Delaware Code, Title 14, §4112 and SBE) by Race/Ethnicity of Perpetrators
Delaware, 2000/01 – 2003/04 School Years
Age Range*
2000–2001
Frequency of
Offenses Percent
2001–2002
Frequency of
Offenses Percent
2002–2003
Frequency of
Offenses Percent
2003–2004
Frequency of
Offenses Percent
Asian / Pacific Islander
9
0.4%
7
0.3%
8
0.4%
18
Native American / Alaska Native
8
0.3%
9
0.4%
5
0.2%
10
0.3%
Hispanic
107
4.6%
113
5.4%
103
4.9%
147
4.7%
White
979
42.0%
817
39.2%
703
33.7%
1,245
40.0%
1,188
50.9%
1,113
53.4%
939
45.1%
1,685
54.1%
2
0.1%
1
0.1%
0
0.0%
0
0.0%
Non-Student
18
0.8%
15
0.7%
3
0.1%
4
0.1%
Unknown Offender Type
21
0.9%
9
0.4%
8
0.4%
4
0.1%
African American
Unknown Race (Student)
Total
2,099
2,084
1,769
0.6%
3,113
* Counts for specific race groups are limited to student offenders
Delaware Code, Title 14, §4112: Signed in July 1993 requires that evidence of certain incidents of student conduct that occur in Delaware schools be reported to the Secretary of Education and to the Youth Division of the Delaware State Police. SBE (State Board of Education) Reports: Expands the reporting requirements of Delaware Code, Title 14, §4112 to include
evidence of other incidents involving school children such as arson and forgery.
Source: Delaware Department of Education
KIDS COUNT in Delaware
167
Table 94:
School Violence Locations
Location of Student Conduct Offenses, Delaware, School Years 1999-00 through 2003-04
Location
1999-00
Number Percent
2000-01
Number Percent
2001-02
Number Percent
2002-03
Number Percent
2003-04
Number Percent
Inside the school building
Administrative office
Cafeteria
Classroom
Gymnasium
Hall/Stairway
Restroom
1,190
97
82
583
92
288
48
67%
5%
5%
33%
5%
16%
3%
1,358
93
131
671
60
357
46
68%
5%
7%
34%
3%
18%
2%
1,275
98
137
626
61
292
61
70%
5%
7%
34%
3%
16%
3%
1,735
154
170
915
69
364
63
75%
7%
7%
39%
3%
16%
3%
2,085
171
211
1,161
94
375
73
72%
6%
7%
40%
3%
13%
3%
On the school grounds
293
17%
302
15%
242
13%
246
11%
264
9%
School bus
174
10%
182
9%
196
11%
179
8%
180
6%
School bus stop
29
2%
37
2%
19
1%
21
1%
12
0%
Off school grounds
24
1%
31
2%
29
2%
27
1%
33
1%
Other
62
3%
70
4%
60
3%
33
1%
43
1%
2
<1%
7
<1%
11
1%
79
3%
281
10%
Unknown
Total
1,774
1,987
1,832
2,320
2,898
Source: “Annual Report of School Climate and Student Conduct in Delaware Schools”, Delaware Department of Education.
Table 95:
Student Weapon Possession
Student Possession and/or Concealment of Weapons/Dangerous Instruments
Student Conduct Offenses, Delaware, School Years 1999-00 through 2003-04
Weapon/Dangerous Instrument
1999-00
Number Percent
2000-01
Number Percent
2001-02
Number Percent
2003-04
Number Percent
Knife
62
47%
97
58%
82
56%
80
58%
79
53%
Razor blade/box cutter
17
13%
19
11%
18
12%
21
15%
26
17%
Explosive, incendiary or poison gas
8
6%
9
5%
5
3%
4
3%
1
1%
Firearm (handgun/rifle/shotgun)
6
5%
12
7%
13
9%
11
8%
22
15%
Other
39
30%
31
18%
29
20%
21
15%
22
15%
Total
132
168
147
Source: “Annual Report of School Climate and Student Conduct in Delaware Schools”, Delaware Department of Education.
168
2002-03
Number Percent
KIDS COUNT in Delaware
137
150
Table 96:
Unemployment
Percentage Unemployment by Race and Gender
U.S. and Delaware, 1987–2004
1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
U.S.
6.2
5.5
5.3
5.6
6.8
7.5
6.9
6.1
5.6
5.4
4.9
4.5
4.2
4.0
4.8
5.8
6.0
5.5
Male
6.2
5.5
5.2
5.6
7.0
7.8
7.1
6.2
5.6
5.4
4.9
4.4
4.1
3.9
4.8
5.9
6.3
5.6
Female
6.2
5.5
5.2
5.6
7.0
7.8
7.1
6.2
5.6
5.4
4.9
4.6
4.3
4.1
4.7
5.6
5.7
5.4
White
5.3
4.7
4.5
4.7
6.0
6.5
6.0
5.3
4.9
4.7
4.2
3.9
3.7
3.5
4.2
5.1
5.2
4.8
13.0 11.7 11.4 11.3 12.4 14.1 12.9 11.5 10.4 10.5 10.0
8.9
8.0
7.6
8.7 10.2 10.8
10.4
Black
Delaware
3.2
3.2
3.5
5.2
6.3
5.3
5.3
4.9
4.3
5.2
4.0
3.8
3.5
4.0
3.5
4.2
4.4
4.1
3.0
3.4
3.2
5.6
7.2
5.9
5.5
4.5
4.6
5.8
4.4
3.7
4.1
4.0
3.7
4.4
4.2
3.9*
Female* 3.4
2.9
3.8
4.6
5.0
4.6
5.2
5.3
4.1
4.5
3.6
3.9
2.9
4.0
3.3
4.0
4.5
4.0*
White
2.3
2.5
2.9
4.2
5.5
4.1
4.6
3.9
4.1
3.9
3.3
2.9
2.6
3.4
3.1
3.7
3.8
3.5
Black
6.6
7.5
6.6
9.3
9.2 10.6
9.5
9.5
4.9 10.1
6.7
6.7
6.7
6.0
5.1
6.8
7.2
6.1
Male*
* Data for the Delaware total and data for Delaware by gender were taken from different data sources. The apparent discrepancy is due to differences in methodology.
Source: Delaware Department of Labor and U.S. Dept. of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics
Table 97:
Adult Violent Crime Arrests
Violent Arrest Rate Per 1,000 Population Adults 18 and Over, Delaware, 1989–2002
1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002
Adult Violent Arrests
1,488 1,878 1,923 2,065 1,978 1,997 2,155 2,200 2,286 2,406 2,428 2,449 2,424 2,523
Rate
3.01
3.75
3.78
4.00
3.77
3.74
4.19
4.22
4.11
3.78
4.26
4.09
4.08
4.14
Source: Statistical Analysis Center
Table 98:
Adult Violent Crime Arrests, Adults 18– 39
Violent Arrest Rates Per 1,000 Population Adults 18–39 Only, Delaware, 1988–2002
1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002
Rate
4.90
6.13
7.65
7.79
8.32
7.92
7.94
8.54
8.72
9.09
7.89
7.80
7.96
7.87
4.81
Source: Statistical Analysis Center
KIDS COUNT in Delaware
169
170
KIDS COUNT in Delaware