Chemistry in Biomass Combustion
“ChemCom” 2005-2007
Åbo Akademi (prof. Mikko Hupa)
Teknillinen Korkeakoulu (prof. C-J. Fogelholm)
Tampereen Teknillinen Yliopisto (prof. R. Hernberg)
Umeå Universitet (prof. Rainer Backman)
Tekes
Andritz Oy
Foster Wheeler Energia Oy
International Paper Inc.
Metso Power Oy
Oy Metsä-Botnia Ab
Vattenfall Utveckling AB
III Liekkipäivä 31.01.2007
Process Chemistry Centre
Centre of Excellence
ChemCom-projektin tavoitteet
Process Chemistry Centre
Centre of Excellence
• Projekti antaa tietoa polttotekniikkaan liittyvän
kemian yksityiskohdista, jotka tulevat vaikuttamaan
alan kehitykseen
• Projektin aiheet liittyvät alan pitkän aikavälin
kysymysten selvittelyyn
• Tavoitteena ei siis ole polttotekniikoitten
nykyisten akuuttien ongelmien ratkominen
• Projektin tulokset ovat pääsääntöisesti julkisia,
m.m. väitöskirjatöitä
ChemCom-projektin organisaatio
Process Chemistry Centre
Centre of Excellence
Fundamental Research on
Chemistry in Biomass Combustion
Project
Steering Group
Project
Coordination (ÅA)
Experiment
Modelling
Helsinki University
of Technology
Information
Tampere University
of Technology
ChemCom raportointi
1. Yrityksille, Tekesille ja tutkijoille:
Sekä keväällä että syksyllä järjestetään
semiinaari jonne kaikki projektin osallistujat
kutsutaan. Uusimmat tulokset esitellään
kahden-kolmen päivän aikana
2. Tekesille:
Normaali raportointi Tekesin ohjeitten mukaan
Process Chemistry Centre
Centre of Excellence
ChemCom-projektin aiheet
Biomass
Process Chemistry Centre
Centre of Excellence
Black Liquor
Waste
Experiment
E1
Modelling
Information
E2
M1
E3
E4
E5
E6
E7
E8
I1
I2
I3
I4
M2
M3
ChemCom-projektin osatyöt
Process Chemistry Centre
Centre of Excellence
E1. Experimental combustion facilities for fuel characterisation
E2. Experimental combustion analysis of black liquor
E3. Experimental combustion analysis of biomass
E4. Mineral Matter and Trace Elements in Biofuels
E5. Fundamental study of high temperature corrosion
mechanisms in biomass co-firing and black liquor combustion
E6. Fly Ash Behaviour of Fuel Mixtures
E7. Experimental black liquor spray characterisation (Järvinen, TKK)
E8. In-situ diagnositics of biofuel combustion chemistry (Hernberg, TTY)
M1. Application specific submodel development for CFD simulations (Järvinen,TKK)
M2. Collection and improvement of thermodynamic data for
trace metal prediction in combustion and gasification systems
M3. Kinetic simulations for studying gas-phase combustion
chemistry in biomass conversion systems
I1. Extension and utilisation of the ÅA fuel-, char- and ash databases
I2. Manganese (Mn) chemistry in biomass utilisation
I3. Analysis and evaluation of novel chemical recovery processes
I4. National and international collaboration
Tietokannat
Process Chemistry Centre
Centre of Excellence
Fuel database
-advanced fuel analysis data (~160 fuels)
Fuel nitrogen database
- NO formation tendencies of different fuels (20 fuels)
Black liquor database
- black liquor combustion characteristics data (~480 liquors)
Black liquor deposit database
- recovery boiler deposit data (~650 measurements)
Deposit database
- full-scale ash deposit data (~400 deposit analyses)
Fuel database - contents
• Standard fuel analyses
- ash, moisture, C, H, O, N, S, heating value
• Fuel elemental analyses
- Si, Al, Fe, Ti, Mn, Ca, Mg, P, Na, K, S, Cl
• Elemental solubility analyses in H2O, acetate,
and HCl solutions
• Elemental analyses of rest fractions
• Recently also added trace element analyses
- As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb, Sb, Tl, V, Zn
• Until today about 160 fuels in database
Process Chemistry Centre
Centre of Excellence
Fuel nitrogen database - contents
• Experimental data (gas atmosphere,
temperature, bed material)
• Fuel analyses
– particle size
– ash, moisture, volatiles, C, H, O, N, S
• Volatile and char nitrogen
• NO formation
• About 20 fuels tested
Process Chemistry Centre
Centre of Excellence
Black liquor database - contents
• The database contains information about
the black liquors that have been examined
at Åbo Akademi with:
– Single Droplet Muffle Furnace
• Combustion times and swelling properties
– Single Droplet Reactor – Video recording and
On-line Gas Analyzers
• NO, SO2, CO/CO2
– Furnace for Pyrolysis Experiments
• Pyrolysis yield
• Both background information and
experimental data
• At the moment about 480 liquors
Process Chemistry Centre
Centre of Excellence
Black liquor deposit database
- contents
Process Chemistry Centre
Centre of Excellence
Operational data
• Boiler location
• Operating conditions (flue gas temperature, load)
• Probe parameters (ring surface temperature, exposure
time, measurement point)
Measured and analytical data
• Rate of deposit build-up (mm/h)
• Deposit analyses (wind, lee)
• Data from 1993
• At the moment about 650 measurements
• Still under construction.......
Tietokannat
Process Chemistry Centre
Centre of Excellence
Fuel database
-advanced fuel analysis data (~160 fuels)
Fuel nitrogen database
- NO formation tendencies of different fuels (20 fuels)
Black liquor database
- black liquor combustion characteristics data (~480 liquors)
Black liquor deposit database
- recovery boiler deposit data (~650 measurements)
Deposit database
- full-scale ash deposit data (~400 deposit analyses)
Deposit database - background
Process Chemistry Centre
Centre of Excellence
Ash in boilers:
• may cause slagging, fouling and corrosion
• “new” fuels raise new problems
Danish power station:
SH after 1 week of coal firing
/F.Frandsen DTU Ash Chemistry Course,
October 1998/
60 – 200 cm
• Short term, in-situ deposit sampling
• Surface temperature regulated sampling probe
Deposit database - contents
Process Chemistry Centre
Centre of Excellence
Operational data
• Type and size of boiler (CFB, BFB, etc.)
• Plant operating conditions (load, bed and flue gas temp.)
• Probe parameters (ring temperature, exposure time)
Measured and analytical data
• Rate of deposit build-up (g/m2h)
• Deposit analyses (wind, lee, and 50 deg. side)
• Fuel analyses
• Fly ash analyses
• Until today over 380 analysed deposits in database
The deposit database
Process Chemistry Centre
Centre of Excellence
RBU, g/m2h
Example 1 of results extracted
from deposit database
Process Chemistry Centre
Centre of Excellence
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0
Peat or Coal
Share thermal input
Biomass
Example 2 of results extracted
from deposit database
Process Chemistry Centre
Centre of Excellence
Cl in deposits, weight-%
40
35
30
25
Wind side
Lee side
20
15
10
5
0
0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0
Peat or coal
Biomass
Thermal share
Tietokantojen käyttötarkoitus
1.
Tiedon säilyttäminen helposti käytettävässä
muodossa lisätutkimusta varten
2.
Yleistrendien tuottaminen eri
polttoainetyyppien käyttäytymisestä
3.
Vastata yhteystökumppaneitten spesifisiin
tiedusteluihin
Process Chemistry Centre
Centre of Excellence
Åbo Akademi ChemCom:ssa 2006
Process Chemistry Centre
Centre of Excellence
Åbo Akademi
Process Chemistry Centre
Combustion and Materials Chemistry
• Mikko Hupa
Prof. Mikko Hupa
Combustion Chemistry
• Daniel Lindberg
• Mischa
Theis
(dissertation June 2006)
Materials
Chemistry
• Johan Werkelin
• Vesna Barisic (dissertation in Jan. 2007,
• Bengt-Johan Skrifvars
• Rainer Backman (presently at Umeå Uni.) presently at FW)
• Markus Engblom
• Anders Brink
• Micaela Westén-Karlsson
• Mikael Forssén
• Tarja Talonen
• Jukka Konttinen (presently at Carbona)
• Tor Laurén
• Maria Zevenhoven
• Edgardo Coda Zabetta (presently at FW)
• Ida Mann (presently at VTT)
• Kjell Strandström
• Bingzhi Li
• Patrik Yrjas (from Aug. 2006)
• Christian Mueller (until Aug. 2006)