Helsinki University of Technology
Internal Combustion Engine Laboratory
Internal Combustion Engine Laboratory
– Located in the Department of Mechanical
Engineering and in the Group of Vehicle
Engineering
– The only university level research and education unit for advanced engine technology in Finland
– Personnel in 2006: 7+8+5

Courses 2007-2008
· Experimental Methods (BSc) 5 cr
· Internal Combustion Engine Fundamentals (MSc) 5 cr
· Piston Engine Technology (MSc)
·
·
Simulation of Internal Combustion (MSc)
Laboratory Exersizes (MSc)
5 cr
5 cr
5 cr
· Advanced Spray Combustion Modeling (PhD) 10 cr
· Engine Combustion Diagnostics (PhD)
· Post Graduate Seminar (PhD)
10 cr
5 cr

Internal Combustion Engine Laboratory

Main research interests
· In-cylinder physical phenomena: spray, combustion and emission formation, computational and experimental research
· Engine performance development, computational and experimental research
· Piston technology, thermal load, tribology computational and experimental research

Diesel Combustion and
John Dec’s conceptual model

Performance Simulation,
1D-fluid mechanics, turbocharging

Combustion Modeling with CFD,
3-d fluid mechanics with spray, combustion and emission sub-models

Optical Diagnostics,
PIV/LIF measurements in HUT
Double-pulse Nd-Yag laser and high speed camcorders and analyzing software
Optical access in engine

New Unique Research Engine, EVE

IEA Combustion Agreement
Meeting in Helsinki 2004

Polttoainesuihkun dynamiikka
2004-2006
· Yhteistyöhanke ja tutkijanvaihtoa
· Polttoainesuihkun fysiikka erityisesti lähellä suutinta

SAE Paper 2003-01-3231
Martti Larmi, Jukka Tiainen
Helsinki University of Technology
Diesel Spray Simulation and KH-RT Wave Model

Fuel Spray, exp. and simulated
KH-RT Wave Model
RD Wave Model
SAE 2003-01-3231

Dimensionless numbers
We
=
Oh
=
ρ g u r
2 r
σ
ρ
µ l l
σ r
Oh
=
We l
/ Re l
We l
Re l
=
=
ρ l u
σ r
2 r
ρ l u r r
µ l
SAE 2003-01-3231

Breakup Regimes
Breakup regime
Deformation and flattening
Bag breakup
Boundary layer or “shear” breakup
Weber number
…12
12…80
80…
Stretching and thinning
Catastrophic breakup
80…350
350…
Table from Lee and
Reitz, 2000
SAE 2003-01-3231

Bag Breakup
Picture from Lefebre:
Atomization and sprays, 1989
SAE 2003-01-3231

Streching and thinning
Picture from Lee and
Reitz, 2000
SAE 2003-01-3231

Catastrophic Breakup
Picture from Lee and
Reitz, 2000
SAE 2003-01-3231

350.0
300.0
250.0
200.0
KH-RT
RD
150.0
100.0
50.0
0.0
0.0 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 50.0 60.0 70.0
Distance downstream nozzle [mm]
SAE 2003-01-3231

SAE 2003-01-3231
80.0
70.0
60.0
50.0
KH-RT
RD
Experimental
40.0
30.0
20.0
10.0
0.0
0.0
2.0
4.0
6.0
8.0
10.0 12.0 14.0
Distance from spray axis [mm]
SAE 2003-01-3231

SAE Paper 2006-01-1390
Ville Vuorinen, Martti Larmi, Eero Antila, Ossi Kaario
Helsinki University of Technology
Essam El-Hannouny, Sreenath Gupta
Argonne National Laboratory
Near Nozzle Diesel Spray Modeling and X-Ray Measurements

Argonne National Laboratories,
X-Ray Measurements
SAE 2006-01-1390

Early Injection Phase Fuel Mass Distribution
SAE 2006-01-1390

2
1
0
−500
3
0
−500
Fuel Mass Distribution, X-Ray
3 3
2
−−=theory: round liquid tube z=0.20mm
(a) 0.4ms
z=0.80mm
z=2.00mm
z=10.00mm
1
2
1
(b) 0.8ms
0 y (
µ
m)
500
0
−500
3
(c) 1.5ms
2
0 y (
µ
m)
1
500
0
−500
0 y (
µ
m)
500
(d) 2.7ms
0 y (
µ
m)
500
SAE 2006-01-1390

Droplet SMD, CAB model
2
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
−0.5
2
80
µ m
60
40
20
(a) 75
µ
s
CAB
C
λ
=5.5
0 y (cm)
0.5
1.5
1
0.5
0
−0.5
2
0
(b) 0.15ms
0.5
1.5
1
0.5
0
−0.5
0
(c) 0.4ms
0.5
1.5
1
0.5
0
−0.5
0
(d) 1.2ms
0.5
SAE 2006-01-1390

Droplet SMD, KHRT
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
−0.5
2
80
µ
m
60
40
20
(a) 75
µ
s
KHRT
C
3
=4.0
0 y (cm)
0.5
1.5
1
0.5
0
−0.5
0
(c) 0.4ms
0.5
2
1.5
1
0.5
0
−0.5
2
1.5
1
0.5
0
−0.5
0
(b) 0.15ms
0.5
0
(d) 1.2ms
0.5
SAE 2006-01-1390

4
3.5
o− = CAB/C
λ
=5.5
.− = KHRT/C
3
=5.33
3
2.5
2
* = experimental peak values and errorbars by El−Hannouny et al.
SAE 2003−01−3150
1.5
1
0.5
0
−4 −3 −2 z
∼
0.5−1.0mm
z
∼
2.0−3.0mm
z
∼
10.0mm
−1 0 y (mm)
1 2 3 4
SAE 2006-01-1390