FFRC Liekkipäivä, 24.1.2006,
Åbo Akademi, Turku
“IFRF Today”
Mikko Hupa
President, IFRF
on behalf of the IFRF Monitoring Council and Direction
Marie-José Fourniguet, Neil Fricker, Hartmut Spliethoff, Dick Waibel
Peter Roberts, Nico Thijssen
The IFRF now - International
American Flame
Research Committee
(AFRC)
British Flame
Research Committee
(BFRC)
Australian Flame
Research Committee
(AusFRC)
Finnish Flame
Research Committee
(FFRC)
German Flame
Research Committee
(DVV)
International Flame
Research Foundation
(IFRF)
Japanese Flame
Research Committee
(JFRC)
French Flame
Research Committee
(CF)
Dutch Flame
Research Committee
(NVV)
Italian Flame
Research Committee
(CI)
Associate Members
Group
(AMG)
Swedish Flame
Research Committee
(SFRC)
IFRF is a Network of Combustion Related People
Around 1200 people in 23 countries
The IFRF now – Multi-Sector
Power
Generation Industry
PGI
Cement and
Mineral Processing
CMP
Petroleum
Refining Industry
PRI
Metals
Production Industry
MPI
International Flame
Research Foundation
(IFRF.NET)
CEM - Combustion
Equipment
Manufacturing
FCI
Fuels and
Comburents
R&D
Research and
Development
ETG
Universities
Education-Training
IFRF is a Network of Combustion Related People
Around 1200 people in 23 countries
IFRF - The beginnings
• 1948 – KNHS (Royal Dutch Iron and Steel)
– Semi-industrial scale R&D on the use of HFO on open
hearth steel making furnaces
• 1949 – KNHS/BISRA/IRSID
– luminous flame radiation project
• 1955 – IFRF
– National Committees
– France, Britain, The Netherlands
IFRF – Achievements
•
•
•
•
•
In flame measurement
techniques – industrial scale
External recirculation
identified and quantified
Internal recirculation – flame
stabilisation
Combustion air swirl – what
it does and how to create it
Flame types and flow patterns
IFRF – Achievements
•
•
•
•
•
In flame measurement
techniques – industrial scale
External recirculation
identified and quantified
Internal recirculation – flame
stabilisation
Combustion air swirl – what
it does and how to create it
Flame types and flow patterns
IFRF – Achievements
Classification of Flame Types
• Type 0 - external recirculation
• Type 1 - internal recirculation – fuel jet penetration
• Type 2 - fuel jet stagnates and spreads in internal
recirculation zone
• Type 3 - as type 1 with second downstream internal
recirculation zone
Type 0 Flame - Description
• Natural gas
• A jet flame
‰ Rotate
– Swirl
Combustion Air
‰ Broader flame
Stabilisation
Type 0 Flame – Fuel variation
• Propane
• More luminous
‰ Heavy
Fuel Oil
‰ Still more
luminous
Type 1 Flame
Natural gas
‰ Swirled air
o Stronger
‰ A closed recirculation
zone
‰ Penetrated by fuel jet
‰
Stabilisation
Type 2 Flame
• Natural gas
• Swirled air
• A closed
recirculation zone
• No jet penetration
• Very short intense
flame
Stabilisation
Type 2 Flame - Fuel variation
‰Heavy Fuel Oil
‰Pulverised Coal
Type 3 Flame
• Pulverised coal
• Swirled air
o Still stronger
• High confinement
Stabilisation
• Closed recirculation
zones - two
• No jet penetration
• “Unusual” flame
Type 3 Flame
IFRF – Achievements
•
•
•
•
•
In flame measurement
techniques – industrial scale
External recirculation
identified and quantified
Internal recirculation – flame
stabilisation
Combustion air swirl – what
it does and how to create it
Flame types and flow patterns
IFRF – Achievements
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
In flame measurement
techniques – industrial scale
External recirculation
identified and quantified
Internal recirculation – flame
stabilisation
Combustion air swirl – what
it does and how to create it
Flame types and flow patterns
Multiple burner interactions
NOx formation – first semiindustrial scale low-NOx
“Energy Crisis” – fuels
flexibility research
IEA – pulverised coal
research
IFRF – Achievements
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
In flame measurement
techniques – industrial scale
External recirculation
identified and quantified
Internal recirculation – flame
stabilisation
Combustion air swirl – what
it does and how to create it
Flame types and flow patterns
Multiple burner interactions
NOx formation – first semiindustrial scale low-NOx
“Energy Crisis” – fuels
flexibility research
IEA – pulverised coal
research
•
•
Mathematical models:
combustion submodels,
validation
Burner scaling rules – coal
burners – gas burners
IFRF – Achievements
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
In flame measurement
techniques – industrial scale
External recirculation
identified and quantified
Internal recirculation – flame
stabilisation
Combustion air swirl – what
it does and how to create it
Flame types and flow patterns
Multiple burner interactions
NOx formation – first semiindustrial scale low-NOx
“Energy Crisis” – fuels
flexibility research
IEA – pulverised coal
research
•
•
•
•
Mathematical models:
combustion submodels,
validation
Burner scaling rules – coal
burners – gas burners
Oxy-fuel firing: Oxygen-CoalRFG
Flameless Combustion
Type ? ‘Flame’
• Flameless combustion
• No visible flame!
‰ Smaller
furnaces
‰ Even heat transfer
‰ Low emissions
Type ? ‘Flame’
• Flameless combustion
• No visible flame!
‰ Smaller
furnaces
‰ Even heat transfer
‰ Low emissions
‰ Superb for industry – paper by P Hopperstein
IFRF – Achievements
•
•
•
•
•
•
In flame measurement
techniques – industrial scale
External recirculation
identified and quantified
Internal recirculation – flame
stabilisation
Combustion air swirl – what
it does and how to create it
Flame types and flow patterns
Multiple burner interactions
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
NOx formation – first semiindustrial scale low-NOx
“Energy Crisis” – fuels
flexibility research
IEA – pulverised coal
research
Mathematical models:
combustion submodels,
validation
Burner scaling rules – coal
burners – gas burners
Oxy-fuel firing: Oxygen-CoalRFG
Flameless Combustion
PF characterisation data
(coals, biofuels and wastes)
Biomass: Coal-Straw Co-fired Flame
APAS Programme – Cooperation with Nordic Countries
• A High volatile
bituminous coal
• Type 2 Flame
• Burning straw
particles penetrate
the coal flame
Shredded straw
Waste: Dried Sewage Sludge Flame
APAS Programme:
A preparation for the PowerFlam1 and 2 programmes
• Sewage - dewatered
• Dried
- low grade heat
• 100% MSS
Flame
• Typically
co-fired
with coal
IFRF – Achievements
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
In flame measurement
techniques – industrial scale
External recirculation
identified and quantified
Internal recirculation – flame
stabilisation
Combustion air swirl – what
it does and how to create it
Flame types and flow patterns
Multiple burner interactions
NOx formation – first semiindustrial scale low-NOx
“Energy Crisis” – fuels
flexibility research
IEA – pulverised coal
research
•
•
•
•
Mathematical models:
combustion submodels,
validation
Burner scaling rules – coal
burners – gas burners
Oxy-fuel firing: Oxygen-CoalRFG
Flameless Combustion
•
Characterisation data (coals,
biofuels and wastes)
•
Trained ‘Hands-on’
Combustion Engineers
IFRF – Achievements
Combustion Engineers
• IFRF has provided a source of trained
combustion engineers who have entered
industry and academia
– World wide
• over 80 former investigators – European, Japanese, Americans,
Australians, Canadians
– European Union: IFRF – EuroFlam
• 200 Graduates in 10 years – 30% women
The Future
The IFRF now – Member Services
The Network - Physical
•
•
•
Members Conferences
TOTeMs
National Flame Days
The Network – ifrf.net
•
•
•
•
•
Weekly Newsletter (MNM)
On line Combustion Journal
On line Combustion Handbook
The library
Members database
Members Research Programme
•
•
IJmuiden Research Station returned to KNHS (Corus)
Networked R&D
IFRF Reports published 2005
K170/y/156 - Towards Industrial Application of High Efficiency
Combustion
G23/y/1 - Oxy-Coal Combustion with Flue Gas Recycle For the
Power Generation Industry
F104/y/3 - Co-injection of plastic wastes with coal "Blast Furnace
1998" Combustion of Pulverised Fuel and Waste Plastic in Blast
Furnaces
F108/y/3 - Experimental Results from the HEC Furnace and Burners
firing Coke Oven Gas
F106/y/1 - Characterisation of biomass fuels ( BioFlam Report)
F98/y/04 "Combustion of Pulverized Coal in a mixture of Oxygen
and Recycled Flue Gas"
G108/y/3 Non Isothermal CFD Model of the HEC Furnace and
Burners (Additional Calculations)
The future IFRF - Relocation
• IJmuiden Research facility returned to CORUS (KNHS)
• This created an opportunity for redevelopment – relocation
• Need access to appropriate facilities – Non IFRF owned
• Need a new Partner – a new home
• Need for a dynamic Director associated with a new
home
• Expressions of Interest requested from European Members
• End August 2005
• Very encouraging response
• JC152 – December 2005
• New Director in place May 2006
• Relocate during 2006
Relocation of IFRF
– 9 Member Organisations offered to provide a new
Director for the IFRF and access to experimental
combustion facilities on a pay-as-you-go basis
– Short List Candidates were:
• CNRS Orleans/Bourges, France (Iskender Gokalp)
• Gas Warme Institute, Germany (Frank Sowa)
• Pisa University and ENEL Ricerca, Pisa, Italy (Leonardo
Tognotti)
• Michael Flamme, Essen Germany – Networked R&D Facilities
Faculty of Engineering Pisa
•Ten Departments
•More than 5000
students
•13 I level (3 years)
degree programmes
•17 II level (3 + 2)
degree programmes
Enel Technical Area Research
Livorno Experimental Station
•
•
•
•
•
•
170 Researchers
50 Graduates/year
2 Research Centers
4 Research Stations
2 Chemical Laboratories
25 M€uro/year
Pisa Chemical Lab
Sesta Experimental Station
ENEL “IFRF No 1 Furnace”
Professor Leonardo
Tognotti
University of Pisa
IFRF Future - Globalisation
• It is proposed that the IFRF becomes a more Global
organisation by:
– Introduction of American and Japanese Vice Presidents
to the Board
– Delivering Member services such as TOTeMs and
Members conferences in America/Japan as well as
Europe
TOTeM 29
TOTeM 29 “Fine Particulates – Heavy Metals
• March 13-14, 2006
• Salt Lake City – Prof Jost Wendt