Design Process
Ethiopia Lecture #1
Ethiopia Lectures #1
Engineering Design
Engineering Research
Scientific Methods/Approaches
Creativity Approaches
Creative Problem Solving
Recognizing
Recognizing
the
the
Problem
Problem
Defining
Defining
the
the
Problem
Problem
The engineering method is a strategy
for causing the best change in a poorly
understood situation within the available
resources
Engineering is the art of applying
mathematics and physical sciences to
further the wellwell-being of humanhuman-kind.
Present
Solutions
Identify
Problem
Gather
Data
REPEAT
Information
Information
Gathering
Gathering
Marketing
Marketing
Engineering
Design Process
Create
Ideas
Experiment
Incubation
Incubation
& Analysis
Analysis
&
Evaluating
Evaluating
Ideas
Ideas
Analyze &
Evaluate
Prepare
Model
Present
Solutions
Identify
Problem
Inspiration
Inspiration
The Engineering Method
Problem
Problem
Feedback
Gather
Data
REPEAT
Feedback
Repetition
Design Process
Create
Ideas
Experiment
Analyze &
Evaluate
Oct 2006
Prepare
Model
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Design Process
Ethiopia Lecture #1
Variety of Starting Points
Oct 2006
Scope of Work
Recall what lead you to the starting
point
Try restarting fresh – What if?
Feasibility studies – test underlying
assumptions
Use contextcontext-free process questions
What the client needs, what you will
produce for the client, and why this
project “apparently”
apparently” has value to the
client.
Include performance criteria and
applicable design constraints.
Clearly explain what the client is “paying
for,”
for,” which is the basis of your fee.
Project Definition and Description
Project Definition and Description
A clear, concise statement of the
objectives of the project is required.
The statement should sufficiently
define the project in a way that
minimizes “loose ends.”
ends.” Any part of the
project, which cannot be clearly
defined, must be identified.
Design Topic – specific topic which is
descriptive of this project
Design Purpose – describe the
engineering problem, with current
products or problems explained.
Design Challenge - What is there about
your approach that is novel? What
specifically is new about what is being
proposed?
Project Definition and Description
Project Definition and Description
In consultation with the sponsor, define the
functional requirements/constraints of the process,
device and/or system. The functional requirements
or specifications (deliverables) define what the
system will do and how well it must do it. These
should be tied to the design constraints determined
for the project.
Does a solution currently exist? What research has
be performed to determine this solution? If yes,
describe. If not known, explain how this will be
examined.
What type of design analysis is planned? How will
this be performed?
If experimental/testing work is planned, describe
how it will be conducted.
Describe any part of the project that cannot be
clearly defined.
Benefits:
–
–
–
–
–
Proposed solutions should have some impact
Economic justification
Society and the environment
Technical and scientific knowledge
Definition will contain the solution
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Design Process
Ethiopia Lecture #1
Present
Solutions
Design Process
Gathering Data
Identify
Problem
Analyze &
Evaluate
Analyze &
Evaluate
Create
Ideas
Prepare
Model
Design Process
Gathering Data
Gathering data
Present
Solutions
Design Process
Creating Ideas
The Art of Engineering
– Creativity (whole lecture)
– Experience
– Out sourcing
– Farmer input
– Consultants
Identify
Problem
REPEAT
Gather
Data
Experiment
Create
Ideas
– I believe this is the most
important step
– If you don’
don’t have enough good
ideas your prototype will be
lacking
– You don’
don’t have time to repeat
this cycles
– Builds your criteria why some
options were not considered
Analyze &
Evaluate
Prepare
Model
Present
Solutions
Identify
Problem
REPEAT
Gather
Data
Experiment
Create
Ideas
Analyze &
Evaluate
Gather
Data
REPEAT
Experiment
Design Process
Experiment
Identify
Problem
Gathering data
Historical experience
New ideas – trade show
Farmer ideas
Experts – all creative persons enjoy a
challenge
Web/Books/Factsheets
Web/Books/Factsheets
Other disciples - automotive
Gather
Data
REPEAT
Present
Solutions
Create
Ideas
Prepare
Model
Time Frame
Ideas – What’s enough?
Prepare
Model
Looking for a large set of
concepts to pull from…
from…
Oct 2006
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Design Process
Ethiopia Lecture #1
Design Process
Prepare Models
Use of Sketches
Developing Models
Prototypes
Using competitors systems
WHY?
Design Process
Experimentation
Present
Solutions
Identify
Problem
REPEAT
Gather
Data
Experiment
Create
Ideas
Analyze &
Evaluate
Prepare
Model
Present
Solutions
Identify
Problem
Gather
Data
REPEAT
Apply the scientific method
What are the basic variables
Create
Ideas
Experiment
– Yield?
Analyze &
Evaluate
Prepare
Model
What are the coco-variants
– Crop & management history
– Soil types
– Moisture content
– Timing
The Engineering Method
Problem
Problem
Feedback
Present
Solutions
Design Process
Evaluation
Analyze options
Develop Decision Matrix
Select best option for full
experimentation
What are the most
important criteria for
testing?
What will set your design
apart from statestate-ofof-thethe-art?
Design Process
Repeat?
What did the
experiments tell you
What new obstacles
need to overcome
Select a new
concept?
Identify
Problem
REPEAT
Gather
Data
Experiment
Create
Ideas
Analyze &
Evaluate
Prepare
Model
Present
Solutions
Identify
Problem
REPEAT
Gather
Data
Experiment
Create
Ideas
Analyze &
Evaluate
Prepare
Model
Creative Problem Solving
Recognizing
Recognizing
the
the
Problem
Problem
Defining
Defining
the
the
Problem
Problem
Feedback
Repetition
Information
Information
Gathering
Gathering
Marketing
Marketing
Incubation
Incubation
& Analysis
Analysis
&
Evaluating
Evaluating
Ideas
Ideas
Inspiration
Inspiration
Oct 2006
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Design Process
Ethiopia Lecture #1
Engineering is not Done
Until marketing…
marketing…
How achieve acceptance
What are the benefits
Operator manual
Standard met
Field comparisons
Areas of failure…
failure…
Recognizing
Recognizing
the
the
Problem
Problem
Defining
Defining
the
the
Problem
Problem
Information
Information
Gathering
Gathering
Marketing
Marketing
Evaluating
Evaluating
Ideas
Ideas
Incubation
Incubation
Analysis
&&Analysis
Inspiration
Inspiration
Don’
Don’t Stop After the First Solution
Expect Changes
Oct 2006
Identification of the Design Phases
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Design Process
Oct 2006
Ethiopia Lecture #1
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Design Process
Ethiopia Lecture #1
WAIT…
Project Notebook
Requirement for All Teams
Design Notebook Writing
Keep an index at the front
Make entries in ink
Cross out where necessary
Daily document and crosscross-out the
remaining blank page
Do not tear out pages or erase
Include data in the original form
Design Notebook Writing
Include all calculations with an explanation of
assumptions
Include photographs taken during design and
testing with notes
Provide details of test methodologies and
observations of the test environment
Appropriate style: audience, purpose, details
(legal)
StateState-ofof-thethe-art
Oct 2006
Design Notebook Writing
Include graphs and plots
Reference books, journals, magazine articles,
oral communications and other sources
Write ALL ideas – explain why ideas were
accepted or rejected
Periodically (weekly) summarize progress and
your views on the design
Have the notebook witnessed, sign by two and
dated for any patentable ideas
Defining the
problem:
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Design Process
Ethiopia Lecture #1
Simple Drawings
Note: Ideas,
Brainstorming,
options
Note:
references &
conversations
Note: Detailed
Calculations &
Assumptions
Note: Details
about Methods
& Experiments
BSE-4125
Project Notebooks
Design Process
Oct 2006
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