Ores are naturally-occurring compounds of
metals from which metals can be
extracted.
The three main types of ore are metal
carbonates, metal oxide and metal
sulphides.
ROCK CHEMICAL NAME
Haematite - Iron oxide
Bauxite - Aluminium oxide
Galena - Lead sulphide
Cinnabar - Mercury sulphide
Malachite - Copper(II) carbonate
Methods of extraction:
Silver oxide Silver + Oxygen
Metal oxide + Carbon Metal + Carbon dioxide
(metals below aluminium in the reactivity series).
a process called electrolysis (.Aluminium oxide
Aluminium + Oxygen)
(metals above zinc in the reactivity series).
Heating with CO (blast furnace)
Metals such as gold and silver occur
uncombined on earth because they are
unreactive and because of this these elements
were among the first to be discovered.
Other metals, such as those in the table above
are found in compounds and have to be
extracted.
Malleability - metals can be beaten into shape
e.g. the bodies of cars are pressed into shape.
Thermal Conductivity - metals all conduct heat well
because of the close contact of the atoms.
Density is high because the atoms are packed
closely together.
Electrical Conductivity - metals all conduct electricity
when
Strength - most metals are strong because of the
metallic bond which holds the atoms together.
ALLOY
Stainless Steel
Mild Steel
White Gold
Solder
Brass
METALS
MAIN METAL
Iron
Iron
Gold
Lead
Copper
OTHER METALS
Chromium, Nickel
Carbon
Nickel
Tin
Zinc
The properties of metals can
be extended or altered by
mixing them with other metals
or with non-metals.
Iron can be changed into
stainless steel by mixing it with
small amounts of chromium.
This stops the metal rusting.
REACTIONS OF METALS
Metal + Water Metal hydroxide + Hydrogen
Metal + Acid Salt + Hydrogen
Metal + Oxygen Metal oxide