Module (1) Major concepts in nursing
management theory
Dr. Nazik M. Zakari. Ph.D, M.Sc.N, B.Sc.N
Dr. Olfat Salem. Ph.D, M.Sc.N, B.Sc.N
L. Nada El-Khamis. M.Sc.N, B.Sc.N
Nursing Administration & Education Dept.
College of Nursing. KSU
What is "Management"?
MANAGEMENT:“ The process concerned with
the implementation of plans through direction
and guidance of personnel, and the optimum
use of the required resources to attain the
predetermined objectives".
ADMINISTRATION: “ The process concerned
with determining goals, objectives, policies
and plans for operation of health
organization”
NURSING MANAGEMENT: Is the body of
knowledge related to performing the
functions of planning, organizing,
staffing, directing and controlling
(evaluating) the activities of a nursing in
departmental subunits.
NURSE MANAGER: person who is
responsible for translating the
administration's vision into operating
plans and acting in the middle and
first-line levels of hierarchy.
An organization is a collection of people working
together under a division of labor and a hierarchy
of authority to achieve a common goal.
The nature of organizational theory
organizational theory is the process of creating knowledge to
understand organizational structure so that we can predict and
control organizational effectiveness or productivity by
designing organizations.
The Three major theories of organizational
and management, namely:
1.Classical Theory.
2.Contingency/decision theory
3.Modern systems Theory.
1. Classical Theory: (Scientific management
theory)
It is a theory of management that analyzes and
synthesizes workflows, with the objective of
improving labor productivity .Scientific
management has been thought of broadly as
the application of the scientific method of
study, analysis, and problem solving to the
organizational problems.
General approach
 Shift in decision making from employees to
managers
 Develop a standard method for performing each
job
 Select workers with appropriate abilities for each
job
 Train workers in the standard method previously
developed
 Support workers by planning their work and
eliminating interruptions
Contributions
 Scientific approach to business management
and process improvement
 Importance of compensation for performance
 Began the careful study of tasks and jobs
 Importance of selection criteria by
management
Elements
 Labor is defined and authority is legitimized
 Positions placed in hierarchy
 Selection is based upon technical competence
 Managers follow rules/procedures to enable
reliable/predictable behavior
Criticisms
 Did not appreciate the social context of work and
higher needs of workers.
 Did not acknowledge variance among individuals.
 Tended to regard workers as uninformed and
ignored their ideas and suggestions.
Contingency Theory
 Basically, contingency theory asserts that when
managers make a decision, they must take into
account all aspects of the current situation and
act on those aspects that are the key to the
situation at hand.
 Contingency theory is a class of behavioral
theory that claims that there is no best way to
organize a corporation, to lead a company, or
to make decisions .
 The optimal course of action is contingent
(dependent) upon the internal and external
situation
Systems Theory
 A system can be looked at as having inputs,
processes, outputs and outcomes.
 S.t is an interdisciplinary theory about the
nature of complex systems ni nature, society,
and ,ecneics
 This could be a single organism, any
organization or society, or any electromechanical or informational artifact .
Nature of work
 It is concerned about the determination of
objectives and major policies of an
organization.
Administration
 It puts into action the policies and plans laid
down by the administration
Management
Type of function
 It is an executive function.
Management
 It is a determinative function.
Administration
Scope
 It takes decisions within the framework set by the
administration. Management
 It takes major decisions of an enterprise as a whole.
Administration
Level of authority
 It is a top-level activity
Administration
 It is a middle level activity.
Management
Nature of status
 It is a group of managerial personnel who use
their specialized knowledge to fulfill the
objectives of an enterprise
Management
 It consists of owners who invest capital in and
receive profits from an enterprise
Administration
Difference between Administration and
Management in Nursing
Basis of
difference
Administration
Management
Nature of work
It is concerned about the determination of objectives and major
policies of an organization.
It puts into action the policies and plans laid
down by the administration.
Type of function
It is a determinative function.
It is an executive function.
Scope
It takes major decisions of an enterprise as a whole.
It takes decisions within the framework set
by the administration.
Level of
authority
It is a top-level activity.
It is a middle level activity.
Nature of status
It consists of owners who invest capital in and receive profits
from an enterprise.
It is a group of managerial personnel who
use their specialized knowledge to fulfill the
objectives of an enterprise.
Nature of usage
It is popular with government, military, educational, and religious
organizations.
It is used in business enterprises.
Decision making
Its decisions are influenced by public opinion, government
policies, social, and religious factors.
Its decisions are influenced by the values,
opinions, and beliefs of the managers.
Main functions
Planning and organizing functions are involved in it.
Motivating and controlling functions are
involved in it.
Abilities
It needs administrative rather than technical abilities.
It requires technical activities.
Difference between Administrator & Manager
Definition
 is the person who is responsible for forming the
strategic vision of the organization (top-level of
hierarchy).
Administrator
 is the person who is responsible for translating the
administration's vision into operating plans and
acting in the middle and first-line levels of
hierarchy
Manager
Activities
 Concerned with forming a strategy of the
organization
Administrator
 Concerned with forming the operation of the
unit(s).
Manager
Events
Manager
 Inside the unit(s)
 Inside and outside the organization and how it
affect work.
Administrator
Plan
 long term plans Administrator
 short term plans
Manager
Difference between Administrator & Manager
Basis of
difference
Administrator
Manager
Definition
Administrator is the person who
is responsible for forming the
strategic vision of the
organization (top-level of
hierarchy).
Manager is the person who is responsible for
translating the administration's vision into
operating plans and acting in the middle and
first-line levels of hierarchy
Activities
To formulate organizational
structure.
To direct, supervise personnel working in the
formulated organizational structure.
Events
Inside and outside the
organization and how it affect
work.
Inside the unit (s)
Plan
long term plans
short term plans
Authority
To formulate organizational
structure.
To direct, supervise personnel working in the
formulated organizational structure.
Define
mission, philosophy, goals, and
policies governing the
organization
goals and objectives governing the
unit/department
 Leadership is a process of getting things done
through people. Leadership is not a science.
Leadership means responsibility. The leader is
look to get the job done.
 Leadership is guiding a person or group toward
the best results. It is having sound
understanding to determine and ability to
articulate visions and goals.
What is the Difference between Leadership and
Management?
Leadership
1
Based on influence
2
Formally designated position Management An informal designation
3
An achieved position
4
Independent of management
Leadership
Leadership
Based on authority Management
An assigned position
Leadership
Management
Dependent and improved by use of
effective leadership skills
Management
5
Part of every nurse's role
Leadership
Nurse's role in the assigned
managerial positions Management
6
Focusing on service, based on position
power
Management
Focusing on people, inspiring and
motivating followers, based on
personal power
Leadership
7
Acting as a facilitator, and coach
Acting as a boss
8
Aimed to change for improvement
Aimed to maintain stability
References
 Rigolosi, E. (2005). Management and
leadership in nursing and health care: An
experiential approach. (2nd ed.). New York:
Springer Publishing Company, Inc.
 Whetten, D. A. & Cameron, K. S. (2005).
Developing management skills. Upper
Saddle River,NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall.
