AP European History 2/14
 Reviewing
Napoleon III’s France
 Outcome: How did Italy become a
unified nation? Introduction to the
HW
 How to speak (nice) Italian with your
hands!
 HW: 826-29. Italy unifies.
 Makeup test-ers: See me once we’ve
started the weekend HW…
Before we go to
Italy…
A little review of Napoleon
III and France.
According to McKay, the reason
bourgeois middle-class voters gave
Louis Napoleon a resounding victory
in 1848 was that
A.
B.
C.
they hoped he would extend the
suffrage to all adult males
they desired a leader more sympathetic
to urban workers
they feared the possibility of a socialist
revolution
The American President Andrew
Jackson had a political philosophy very
similar to that of Napoleon III. It’s
likely, then, that Jackson was attacked
during his Presidency for
A.
B.
C.
allowing Congress to take the lead in guiding
the nation
his conservatism and resistance to change
concentrating too much power in the
executive branch
Napoleon III was
uncomfortable with the
National Assembly because it
was
A.
B.
C.
staunchly opposed to reform
notoriously corrupt
so influenced by prominent
socialists
During his rule, which lasted until
1870, Napoleon III did NOT
address:
A.
B.
C.
better housing for the working
classes
the recognition of labor unions
granting women’s suffrage
The 1870 Constitution that
Napoleon III agreed to (cartoon,
below, from that time)
A.
B.
C.
gave the National
Assembly much more
power
reinstated the property
of the Catholic Church
confirmed his nearabsolute rule over
France
How to Unify
Italy…
…In 7 (more or less)
easy steps!
Mama Rosa says…
• Don’t try to
copy every word
on each slide,
bambini. Get
the gist in your
own words.
• You’ll review
this later
together.
Step 1. Failure is an
option!
Step 1
Step 1: It’s an
idealistic patriot,
Giuseppe Mazzini,
who leads a failed
revolution in 1848
Step 1
Mazzini, who leads a group called
“Young Italy,” sees a mess
• Northern Italy: Austrian turf
• Central Italy: Pope’s ‘hood.
• Southern Italy: A reactionary
monarchy—plus, it’s rural and poor
• We got no Italy! We have a disunited
peninsula dominated by foreigners and
reactionaries. Kind of like this:
Step 1
Step 1 (cont): So, in 1848,
Mazzini’s supporters revolt
in Rome in an attempt to
establish a united Italy.
Step 1
REVOLUTION’S OVER!
• When the French Army
intervenes to defend the Pope,
Mazzini’s movement quickly
collapses.
• What McKay noted in Chapter 23
is true: The forces of reaction
are stronger—at this point—than
the forces of revolution.
Step 1
Step 2: Get a realist!
Step 2
Next time, the Italians are
going to need a leader who’s
read this book:
Step 2
Machiavelli,
he’s my man!
Machiavelli,
I’m a fan!
Step Two: And the leader
they’ll find—the hardheaded realist I think they
needed—is the Prime
Minister of PiedmontSardinia, Camilo Cavour.
Step 2
Cavour’s
dream: A
united
Italy
Ciao, Victor Emmanuel
King
ladies!
• Is Cavour’s boss. He’s a
constitutional monarch.
• He’s also more than willing to
help unify Italy.
• You have to admit, “King of
Italy” sounds a lot more
impressive than “King of
Piedmont-Sardinia”
Step 2
• Italy will be built
around a very
odd nation:
PiedmontSardinia.
• See why it’s an
unlikely
candidate to lead
the unification
movement?
Step 2
Victor Emmanuel and Cavour
recognize that Italy will
never unite…
…until the Austrians
are driven out of
northern Italy. But
the Piedmontese
are too weak to
take on the
Austrian Hapsburg
Empire.
Step 2
Hmm, Cavour thinks: Who
hates Austrians enough to
help us to drive them out
of Italy?
Sacre bleu! Could it be
France????
Step 2
Remember that bad blood
between Austria and France goes
way back in history
You silly Austrians!
Your mother was a
hamster and your
father smelt of
elderberries!
• Just one example:
It was Richelieu
who finally
defeated the
Austrian
Hapsburgs in the
Thirty Years’ War
Step 2
Step 3: Sucker
Napoleon III into
your struggle
Step 3
• In 1856, France,
along with England,
goes to war against
Russia—the
Crimean War.
• The Piedmontese
see their chance:
They make an
alliance with the
French and send
70,000 soldiers to
fight Russia.
Step 3
It’s a smart move.
• France
beats
Russia!
• And now
France and
PiedmontSardinia are
allies.
Le grrrr!
Le
growwwl!
Step 3
Austrian food sucks,
Three years
later, in 1859,
and their women
have big feet!
Cavour provokes a war with
Austria…
And, sure enough, the French,
under Napoleon III, support
Cavour and the Piedmontese!
Step 3
Hey! Why would France
do that?
1. The French
rivalry with
Austria
2. The Crimean
War alliance
3. Napoleon III’s
personality
Step 3
Again, it’s a smart move
Le grrrr!
Le
growwwl!
• France and
PiedmontSardinia
defeat the
Austrians.
Step 3
But the Piedmontese don’t
get everything they want…
The Treaty of Villafranca ends the
war.
Lombardy, si!
Venetia, no!
Mama mia!
Step 3
No VENETIA…
• …Means NO SQUID PASTA!
Step 3
Step Four: Add one
dashing Southern
Italian…
Step 4
Find yourself the most
dashing hero you can find…
In the 1860s,
The Most
Interesting Man
in the World is
Italian freedom
fighter Giuseppe
Garibaldi—from
Southern Italy
Step 4
Remember that bit about
A.P. Hill?
• He was the
Confederate
general who
liked to wear a
red shirt in
battle.
• Guess who he
stole that idea
from?
Garibaldi’s a big deal!
• He’s a celebrity—some
Americans will want him to
command Lincoln’s armies!
• He’s a success: He’s taken over
southern Italy and kicked out
the reactionary monarchy there
• But he’s a republican. Will he
join forces with a monarch?
Step 4
YES! In 1860, Garibaldi turns his
conquered territory over to Victor
King!
EmmanuelCiao,
and
joins his Bonjorno,
movement!
How’s-a things?
Giuseppe!
Step 4
So what?
• Having Garibaldi
join your
unification
movement is like
forming a garage
band and having
this guy ask if he
can join and play
a little guitar.
Step 4
Step 5: The Kingdom of NotQuite Italy
Step 5
The Birth
Announcement!
• With the southern Italians aboard,
Victor Emmanuel and Cavour proclaim
the Kingdom of Italy in 1861.
• Even though it’s not. Italy, that is. We
still don’t have Venetia and those ohso-important Papal States.
Step 5
So, the pizza? She’s not quite
done.
Step 5
Step 6. Yo, not-quite
Italy! Get yourself a
Prussian buddy!
Step 6
So the Kingdom of Italy isn’t quite
GESUNDHEIT!
what you and I know
as modern
Italy.
• Hmmm, the Italians
wonder.
• I wonder where we
might get some help
in adding those last
two pieces—Venetia
and the Papal States…
Step 6
So, just as Cavour had done with
France, the Italians now make Prussia
an offer they can’t refuse…
Step 6
Because a little bird tells the
Italians that Prussia’s about to
go to war against their old
enemy, Austria!
Step 6
So, in 1866, you, Italy—ooh,
such a smart kid!-- agree to
attack Austria from the south,
to distract them a little, while
Prussia launches its attack
from the north!
Step 6
To everyone’s surprise…
• Prussia
defeats much
larger
Austria—in
seven weeks!
• Your reward?
You finally
get VENETIA!
It’s
about-a
TIME!
Step 6
Mama Mia! Squid pasta for
EVERYBODY!!!
Step 7: The last piece
of the Italian puzzle:
Rome
Step 7
Guess what Big
Kahuna refuses
to join the new
Kingdom of
Italy? And he
controls Rome!
Step 7
Yo, Vatican! I make
a rude gesture in
your general
direction!
Me, I just
want a
cappuccino
rude
gestures
!
…Step 7: Make
the Pope.
at
Step 7
Okay, I made that up. But
why not just take Rome
while Europe isn’t looking?
Step 7
• Because now (1870), is the Main Event:
Prussia goes to war against France!
Why isn’t Europe
looking?
• And the French troops who’ve guarded
the Pope since 1848—since Mazzini’s
failed revolution-- go home to defend
France!
•Mama Mia!
Step 7
So, in 1871…
The Italian Army, with
possibly the way-coolest hats
ever, marches into Rome
unopposed, and takes over.
In July of 1871
• Rome becomes the capital of
modern, unified Italy
• The work that Giuseppe Mazzini
envisioned decades before is
complete!
Step 7
But, did you notice
something?
• It wasn’t this
that united
Italy…
• It was this:
• But,
congratulations!
Bella! FINALLY, you got
yourself Italy! And the
WORLD gets…
She’s so cute
!
Your turn:
• In the next few minutes, turn
to a partner and explain the 7
steps.
• One does the odd steps, one
the evens.
• Make sure you’ve got these
down in your notes!
Your turn II:
• Please find a text and begin
reading McKay, 826-29, on
Italy, while the info’s still fresh
in your cranio.
• Later: How to speak Italian
with your hands!
• Tuesday: Student Simulation
on the unification of Germany
And now, an
important
lesson
How to Speak Italian with your
Hands! No, not that Italian!
“Come here!” (“Vieni qui!”)
• Arm straight,
palm down,
make repeated
downward
striking motions.
“Are you crazy?!” (Sei
matto?”)
• Twist right index
finger into right
temple.
“Who cares?” (“Chi se ne
frega?”)
• Hand under chin,
palm towards
chest, fingers
slightly curved
under chin, make a
brushing motion
away from self.
“Good!”, “nice!” (“E
buono!”)
• Poke cheek with
index finger and
make a small
rotation. Eyebrows
are raised.
(Demonstrated by
Buono, an all-girl
Japanese band)
“What do you want?!”
(“Cosa vuoi?!”)
• Hand cupped with
fingers touching
thumb, pointing at
self, move back
and forth, fowards
and away from
self, protrude chin.
Che casino! (What a
mess!)
You did
it!
(Me and
Lawrence of
Arabia hang
out in
Florence)