Malory J. Faust ∙ Mechanical Option ∙ Senior Thesis 2007
Topics of Discussion
1050 K Street
•
•
•
•
•
Building Introduction
Chilled Beam Analysis
Solar Shading Analysis
Daylighting Analysis
Conclusions
Project Team
1050 K Street
Building Introduction
Chilled Beam Analysis
Solar Shading Analysis
Daylighting Analysis
Conclusions
• Owners: The Lenkin Company
The Tower Companies
• Contractor: The Lenkin Company
• Architect: Hickok Cole Architects
• Structural Engineer: Tadjer Cohen
Edelson Associates
• MEP Engineer: Vanderweil Engineers
• Civil Engineer: Timmons Group
• Curtain Wall Consultant: CDC
Building Site
1050 K Street
Building Introduction
Chilled Beam Analysis
Solar Shading Analysis
Daylighting Analysis
Conclusions
• Located on the corner of 11th & K
Streets
• Streets on the North & West facades
• Alleys on East & South facades
Architectural Background
1050 K Street
Building Introduction
Chilled Beam Analysis
Solar Shading Analysis
Daylighting Analysis
Conclusions
• 11 story office
building
• 4 levels below
ground for parking
• Retail on the first
level
• Curtain Wall – North
& West facades
• Green Roof
System Summary
• Energy Recovery Unit (ERU)
1050 K Street
Building Introduction
Chilled Beam Analysis
Solar Shading Analysis
Daylighting Analysis
Conclusions
– 30,000 CFM Enthalpy Wheel
– Cooling Coil
• AHU with cooling on each level
• VAV System with terminal reheat
• Chiller Plant
– (3) 115 ton rotary screw chillers
– (2) Cell, Induced draft open cell
cooling tower
– Waterside free cooling HX
• All heating done by enthalpy wheel
and electric reheat
System Summary
• Energy Consumption
1050 K Street
Energy Simulation Summaries
Building Introduction
Chilled Beam Analysis
Solar Shading Analysis
Daylighting Analysis
Conclusions
Enduse
KWh
Space Cooling
124400
Heat Rejection
7000
Space Heating
154200
Hot Water
44500
Vent Fans
242700
Pumps & Auxillary
243200
Misc Equipment
277700
Lighting
482700
Total
1576400
VAV Annual Energy Consumption
Heat Rejection
Space Cooling
8%
Lighting
31%
0%
Space Heating
Hot Water 10%
3%
Vent Fans
15%
Misc
Equipment
18%
Pumps &
Auxillary
15%
System Summary
• Initial Cost
1050 K Street
VAV System Initial Cost Data
Materials
Component Description
Building Introduction
Chilled Beam Analysis
Solar Shading Analysis
Daylighting Analysis
Conclusions
Cost
Total
Unit
Units
Cost
VAV Box 300-600 CFM W/RH
$
358.00
Ea
80
$
28,640.00
VAV Box 500-1000 CFM W/RH
$
368.00
Ea
11
$
4,048.00
VAV Box 800-1600 CFM W/RH
$
383.00
Ea
1
$
383.00
VAV Box 500-1000 CFM W/o RH
$
345.00
Ea
22
$
7,590.00
Air Handling Unit 8000 CFM
$ 13,353.00
Ea
1
$
13,353.00
Air Handling Unit 12500 CFM
$ 18,470.00
Ea
1
$
18,470.00
Air Handling Unit 13500
$ 19,850.00
Ea
9
$
178,650.00
$
251,134.00
Alternate Mechanical
System
• Design Goals
1050 K Street
Building Introduction
Chilled Beam Analysis
Solar Shading Analysis
– Lessen annual energy
consumption
– Flexible system layouts &
capacities
Daylighting Analysis
Conclusions
– Aesthetically responsive
Chilled Beam Background
1050 K Street
Building Introduction
Chilled Beam Analysis
Solar Shading Analysis
Daylighting Analysis
Conclusions
• Air Conditioning system
providing cooling & heating
• Uses principles of induction
and free convection
• Can significantly reduce
energy costs
• Aesthetic benefits
Chilled Beam Background
• Active
1050 K Street
Building Introduction
Chilled Beam Analysis
Solar Shading Analysis
Daylighting Analysis
Conclusions
– Integrated with outdoor air
supply
– Utilizes air flow to induce
room air
– Can provide heating when
requirements are low
• Passive
– Typically used parallel to
another system
– Do not supply outdoor air
– Rely on natural convection for
cooling
– May be provided in addition
to active beams in high
cooling spaces
Calculation Procedure
• eQuest
1050 K Street
Building Introduction
Chilled Beam Analysis
Solar Shading Analysis
Daylighting Analysis
Conclusions
– Core & Shell design did not
require room by room analysis
– Zoning
• 4 perimeter zones (15’)
• 1 core zone
Calculation Procedure
• eQuest
1050 K Street
Building Introduction
Chilled Beam Analysis
Solar Shading Analysis
Daylighting Analysis
Conclusions
– Modeled as one large chilled
beam per zone
– Each beam modeled as a fan coil
unit, removing the fan
– Utilized “OA-From-System”
command to provide ventilation to
units
– Attached all latent load to ERU
dummy zone to decouple the
space cooling loads
Simulation Results
• Energy Consumption
1050 K Street
Building Introduction
Chilled Beam Analysis
Solar Shading Analysis
Daylighting Analysis
Conclusions
Energy Simulation Summaries
Enduse
KWh
Space Cooling
166400
Heat Rejection
7500
Space Heating
84600
Hot Water
44500
Vent Fans
39400
Pumps & Auxillary
316400
Misc Equipment
277700
Lighting
482700
Total
1419200
Chilled Beam Annual Energy
Consumption
Heat Rejection
Space Cooling
12%
Lighting
34%
Misc
Equipment
20%
• 10 % reduction in energy
consumption
• Overall savings of 157200
KWh/year
0%
Space Heating
6%
Hot Water
3%
Vent Fans
3%
Pumps &
Auxillary
22%
System Design Summary
• Chilled Beam Sizing
1050 K Street
Building Introduction
Chilled Beam Analysis
Solar Shading Analysis
Daylighting Analysis
Conclusions
– Used Halton Hit Design Program
– Maintained ventilation
requirements
– Uphold aesthetic appeal of office
spaces
System Design Summary
1050 K Street
Building Introduction
Chilled Beam Analysis
Solar Shading Analysis
Daylighting Analysis
Conclusions
System Design Summary
• Chilled Beam Layout
1050 K Street
Building Introduction
Chilled Beam Analysis
Solar Shading Analysis
Daylighting Analysis
Conclusions
– Perimeter zones
• East & West – (2) rows of 15
• South & North – (2) rows of 9
• All additional cooling by passive
– Internal
• 11 rows to line up with perimeter
active beams
System Design Summary
• Chilled Beam System Cost
1050 K Street
Building Introduction
– Cost of Beams: $200/ LF
– 1985 Beams total
– 735 MBH Electric Boiler
Chilled Beam Analysis
Chilled Beam Initial Cost
Solar Shading Analysis
Daylighting Analysis
Component Description
Conclusions
Boiler
Chilled Beam
Materials Cost
Unit
Total Units
Cost
200.00
LF
7940
$ 1,588,000.00
$ 10,300.00
Ea
1
$
$
10,300.00
$ 1,598,300.00
Solar Shading Background
1050 K Street
Building Introduction
Chilled Beam Analysis
Solar Shading Analysis
Daylighting Analysis
Conclusions
• Blocks 75% of incoming radiation
• Absorbs up to 15 % of incoming
radiation
• Prevents 25% of internal heat
from escaping in heating
conditions
• Transparent
• Reduces glare
Design Summary
1050 K Street
Building Introduction
Chilled Beam Analysis
Solar Shading Analysis
Daylighting Analysis
• Apply shades to 100% of
curtain wall
• North and West facades
• 8’-9” floor to ceiling height
• 235 LF of shades
• (517) 5x8.75 shades
Conclusions
Chilled Beam Initial Cost
Component
Description
Materials Cost
Chilled Beam
$
Solar Shades
Boiler
200.00
$164
$
10,300.00
Unit
Total Units
Cost
LF
7160
$
1,432,000.00
43.75 SF
514.8
$
84,427.20
Ea
1
$
10,300.00
$
1,526,727.20
Design Summary
• Energy Consumption
1050 K Street
Energy Simulation Summaries
Enduse
KWh
Space Cooling
157400
Heat Rejection
7100
Space Heating
89800
Hot Water
44500
Vent Fans
39300
Pumps & Auxillary
294800
Solar Shading Analysis
Misc Equipment
277700
Lighting
482700
Daylighting Analysis
Total
1393300
Building Introduction
Chilled Beam Analysis
Conclusions
Space
Chilled Beam & Solar ShadingAnnual Cooling
11%
Energy Consumption
Lighting
35%
Misc
Equipment
20%
Heat Rejection
Space Heating
1%
6%
Vent
Hot Water
Fans
3%
3%
Pumps &
Auxillary
21%
• 6% reduction in cooling energy
• 7% reduction in pump energy
Daylighting Background
1050 K Street
Building Introduction
Chilled Beam Analysis
Solar Shading Analysis
Daylighting Analysis
Conclusions
• Daylight sensors installed in
perimeter zones
• Utilize sunlight when sufficient
• Decrease lighting energy
consumption
• Sophisticated, dynamic
controls
• Require calibration
Design Summary
• Energy Consumption
1050 K Street
Energy Simulation Summaries
Enduse
VAV
Daylighting
Space Cooling
124400
116100
Heat Rejection
7000
6500
Building Introduction
Space Heating
154200
155900
Hot Water
44500
44500
Chilled Beam Analysis
Vent Fans
242700
230500
Pumps & Auxillary
243200
236200
Misc Equipment
277700
277700
Lighting
482700
364200
Total
1576400
1431600
Solar Shading Analysis
Daylighting Analysis
VAV with Daylighting Annual Energy
Consumption Heat Rejection
Lighting
25%
Misc
Equipment
19%
Space Cooling
8%
Pumps &
Auxillary
17%
Conclusions
• 25% reduction in lighting
energy consumption
1%
Space Heating
11%
Hot Water
3%
Vent Fans
16%
Conclusions
Simple Payback Summary
1050 K Street
Building Introduction
Chilled Beam Analysis
Solar Shading Analysis
Daylighting Analysis
Conclusions
Initial Cost
Annual Energy Cost
Annual Savings
Simple Payback
$
$
$
VAV
251,134.00
189,010.36
0
Chilled Beam
$ 1,598,300.00
$
170,174.07
$
18,836.29
71.5
$
$
$
Shading
1,526,727.00
167,056.67
21,953.69
58.1
Daylighting
n/a
$
171,648.84
$
17,361.52
n/a
• Regardless of energy savings
the chilled beam system is not
more economical solution than
the VAV system due to drastic
initial cost differences
Thank You
• All AE Faculty and Staff
1050 K Street
• My classmates, especially Erin &
Patrick
Building Introduction
Chilled Beam Analysis
Solar Shading Analysis
• My family and friends
Daylighting Analysis
Conclusions
• Professionals at Vanderweil
Engineers, especially Brandon
Harwick and Sam Bohsali
Questions
1050 K Street
Building Introduction
Chilled Beam Analysis
Solar Shading Analysis
Daylighting Analysis
Conclusions