Kigali Institute of Science and Technology
Institut des Sciences et de Technologie de Kigali
Avenue de l'Armée, B.P. 3900 Kigali, Rwanda
INSTITUTE EXAMINATIONS – ACADEMIC YEAR 2012 - 2013
SUPPLEMENTARY EXAMINATION
FACULTY OF SCIENCE
SCIENCE 3: APPLIED BIOLOGY
THIRD YEAR SEMESTER II
BIO 3322: SYMBIOTIC MICROBIOLY (MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY II)
Date: -----/-----/2013
TIME: 2 HOURs
MAXIMUM MARKS = 60
_____________________________________________________________________
INSTRUCTIONS
1.
This paper contains TWO sections.
2.
Section A is compulsory, and Answer any Two out of the Three questions in Section B.
3.
No written materials are allowed into the Examination Room.
4.
Write all your answers in the answer booklet provided.
5.
Do not forget to write your Registration Number.
6.
Do not write any answers on this question paper.
7.
Where appropriate draw large, clear and well labeled diagram in your answers
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Section A : Compulsory Questions (2 0 marks )
Attempt all the following Short-Answer and Definition Questions
1.
Describe comparatively the procedural functions of the laboratory equipment known as
Autoclave , Incubator, Dry Oven and a Bilogical Sfety Cabinet or Laminar Flow .
( 4 marks )
2.
List some of the microbiota groups found in the organs of the human body like the stomach, small intestine and large intestine. ( 4 marks )
3.
What are the bacterial pathogens that have the positive results for the following biochemical identification tests in laboratories based on their effective enzymic activites?
( 1 mark each ) a) The production of catalase which converts H
2
O
2
to an acid and alkali product. b) The production of Hydrogen sulfide gas in reducing sulfur c) The production of tryptophanase for the enzymic degradation of the tryptophan amino acid tested as indole positive organism d) The sugar fermentation activity tested to be positive by the formation of acids and alkali.
4.
Give very briefly some of the lists of organisms that are considered as the normal microbiota of either the human upper and lower respiratory tract or of the human genitourinary tract. ( 3.5
marks )
5.
a) Define the term « antimetabolites » and explain what we mean by the activities known as parentral and oral administration of antimicrob ial drugs. ( 1.5 marks ) b) Describe in brief the microbial death pattern and how this pattern of microbes are determined. ( 1.5 marks ) c) What are the antifungal drugs with two examples and their mechanisms of actions.
( 1.5.marks
)
Section B : Descriptive and Essay-type Questions.
Attempt to answer any Two of the following Three questions
(40 marks)
1.
It is recognized that there are various steps of activities that a laboratory technician should perform for a clinical microbiology requirement, when a patient is referred to the laboratory by a physician of some infectious diseases. Indicate first by lisiting all these steps and then discuss one by one the functional procedures of each of them to some detail. ( 20 marks )
2

.
2.
If the human’s skin surface structures are founjd to have been attacked by fungal pathogens, a) Describe with one example how this problem could be addressed clinically supported by various laboratory activities. ( 8 marks ) b) Explain what could be the possible antifungal drugs that could be used to prevent these attacks, ( 6 marks ) c) What would be the mechanism of action of these drugs you mentioned? ( 6 marks )
3.
Write a detailed explanatory essay on the fundamentals of the controlling mechnisms of microbial pathogens listing out all types of both the physical and chemical controlling agents comparing and contrasting them with respect to their characteristics, applications, mode of action and effectiveness of each of these agents you have listed. ( 20 marks )
END OF THE QUESTIONS and GOOD LUCK
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