莎劇賞析 之三：《馴悍記》
The Taming of the Shrew
董崇選
中山醫大應用外語系教授
「懂更懂 學習英文 網站」負責人
網址：http://dgdel.nchu.edu.tw
I. Plot:
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Type: Farce (滑稽劇、笑鬧劇)，
Low Comedy (低級喜劇)
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Time: 16th Century
Locale: Padua, Italy 意大利 的 趴度阿
First presented: 1593
II. Principal Characters:
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Baptista: a wealthy Paduan
Katharina (凱瑟瑞娜): his shrewish elder daughter
Bianca: her pretty gentle younger sister
Petruchio (裴楚丘): a man to tame the shrew
Lucentio: son of a Pisan merchant
Hortensio: Petruchio’s friend
Gremio: an aging Paduan
Vincentio: Lucentio’s father
Tranio: Lucentio’s servant
Christopher Sly: a drunken beggar
III. The Story:
• 序幕 (Induction): Sly is drunk. He
staggers out of an alehouse, pursued by
the hostess. He then falls asleep on the
road and is found by a nobleman and his
hunting party. The nobleman determines
to have some sport at his expense. He is
transported to the nobleman’s house,
convinced that he is a great person,
treated like a lord, and made to watch a
comedy.
III. The Story:
• 第一幕: Lucentio and Tranio come to Padua to study
virtue and enjoy life. They eavesdrop Hortensio and
Gremio trying to woo Bianca. Baptista told the suitors
that his elder daughter Katharina must be married first.
Lucentio is smitten with Bianca’s sweetness and
modesty. Hortensio decides that they must find a
husband for the shrew first. He tells Petruchio about
Katharina and her large dowry. Petruchio decides to
woo her. Hortensio, disguised as a music teacher,
comes along to woo Bianca. Meanwhile, two other
suitors (Lucentio disguised as a schoolmaster and Tranio
disguised as Lucentio) also come to woo Bianca.
III. The Story:
• 第二幕: Petruchio, Lucentio, Gremio, Hortensio,
and Tranio all have come to Baptista’s house.
Hortensio is called Licio, and Lucentio is called
Cambio. Though not very successful in courting
Katharina, Petruchio vows that he has won her
hand, and so he leaves to prepare for the
wedding. Gremio and Tranio bid for Bianca’s
hand, and since Tranio/Lucentio can promise a
richer dowry Baptista promises him Bianca’s
hand. But he has to bring assurance of the
dowry from his father Vincentio first.
III. The Story:
• 第三幕:The rivals Cambio/Lucentio and Licio/Hortensio
“instruct” Bianca. Lucentio reveals his true identity to the
girl under cover of teaching her Latin. Hortensio also
tries to reveal himself by explaining the gamut, and
declares that he will give her up if she stoops to love so
lowly a man as a schoolmaster. On Katharina’s wedding
day, Petruchio is slow in arriving. He even appears
absurdly dressed with antic manners. After the
ceremony, he carries the bride away at once without
staying for the wedding dinner, disregarding her begging
and storming.
III. The Story:
• 第四幕: Grumio describes how the bride and groom are
arriving. Katharina’s horse fell on her in the mud, and
Petruchio used the accident as a pretext to assault
Grumio and made Katharina ever more muddied. He
continues his role of unreasonable brute, finding fault
with everything the servants do. He spurns the food
prepared as unfit to eat and decrees that they go
supperless to bed. He in fact plans to tame his wife in
the same manner as falcons are trained: by starvation
and lack of sleep. He even wants Katharina to wear
poor clothing. Meanwhile, Hortensio decides to marry a
wealthy widow, a traveling scholar is duped into acting
as Vincentio, and Lucentio is told to marry Bianca soon.
III. The Story:
• 第五幕: En route to Baptista’s house, Petruchio
completes his conquest of Katharina by bullying her into
agreeing that the sun is the moon and the elderly
Vincentio is a fair young girl. The spectacle of
Katharina’s submission convinces Hortensio that he can
control his widow. The real Vincentio comes in time to
bless his son. The three new couples (Petruchio &
Katharina, Lucentio & Bianco, and Hortensio & the
widow) banquet together. Petruchio wins the wager that
Kate is the most obedient of the three women. Kate
even expresses her new philosophy that women owe it
to their husbands to behave like the softer sex.
IV. Famous Lines:
• “Persuade him that he hath been lunatic,
And when he says he is, say that he dreams,
For he is nothing but a mighty lord.”
--Lord to hunters
• “Never ask me what raiment I’ll wear, for I have
no more doublets than backs, no more stockings
than legs, nor no more shoes than feet—nay,
sometime more feet than shoes, or such shoes
as my toes look through the overleather.”
--Sly to servants
IV. Famous Lines:
• “No profit grows where is no pleasure taken.
In brief, sir, study what you most affect.”
--Tranio to Lucentio
• “Her only fault, and that is faults enough,
Is that she is intolerable curst,
可憎的
And shrewd, and froward, so beyond all measure 頑固
That, were my state far worse than it is,
I would not wed her for a mine of gold.”
--Hortensio to Petruchio
IV. Famous Lines:
• “When did she cross thee with a bitter word?” --Baptista
• “Her silence flouts me, and I’ll be revenged.” --Katharina
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“She is your treasure, she must have a husband,
I must dance barefoot on her wedding day,
And, for your love to her, lead apes in hell.” –Kate to Baptista
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“I am as peremptory as she proud-minded;
And where two raging fires meet together,
They do consume the thing that feeds their fury.
Though little fire grows great with little wind,
Yet extreme gusts will blow out fire and all.”
--Petruchio to Baptista
IV. Famous Lines:
• “Say that she rail, why then I’ll tell her plain
She sings as sweetly as a nightingale.
Say that she frown, I’ll say she looks as clear
As morning roses newly washed with dew.
Say she be mute and will not speak a word,
Then I’ll commend her volubility,
And say she utters piercing eloquence.”
--Petruchio to Baptista
IV. Famous Lines:
• “... you are called plain Kate,
And bonny Kate, and sometimes Kate the curst;
But Kate, the prettiest Kate in Christendom,
Kate of Kate Hall, my super-dainty Kate,
For dainties are all Kates, and therefore, Kate,
Take this of me, Kate of my consolation.”
--Petruchio to Katharina
• “Asses are made to bear, and so are you.” --Kate
• “Women are made to bear, and so are you.”
--Petruchio
IV. Famous Lines:
• “My falcon now is sharp and passing empty,
And till she stoop she must not be full-gorged,
For then she never looks upon her lure.”
--Petruchio to himself
• “She shall watch all night,
And if she chance to nod I’ll rail and brawl,
And with the clamor keep her still awake.
This is a way to kill a wife with kindness,
And thus I’ll curb her mad and headstrong humor.”
--Petruchio to himself
IV. Famous Lines:
• “It shall be what o’clock I say it is.”
--Petruchio to Kate
• “Why, so this gallant will command the sun.”
--Hortensio
• “Fie, fie! Unknit that threatening unkind brow,
And dart not scornful glances from those eyes,
To wound thy lord, thy king, thy governor.
It blots thy beauty as frosts do bite the meads,
Confounds thy fame as whirlwinds shake fair
buds,
And in no sense is meet or amiable.” --Kate to all
IV. Famous Lines:
• “A woman moved is like a fountain troubled,
Muddy, ill-seeming, thick, bereft of beauty,
And while it is so, none so dry or thirsty
Will deign to sip or touch one drop of it.”
--Kate to all
• “Such duty as the subject owes the prince
Even such a woman owes to her husband.”
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--Kate to all
• “I am ashamed that women are so simple
To offer war where they should kneel for peace.”
--Kate to all
V. Discussion:
– What farcical situations have you found in
the play?
– What is the function of the “Induction”?
– Does the play suggest that even the
impossible can be made possible ?
– If you are a feminist, what will you think of
the play?
– Will Petruchio’s way be always the right way
to tame a shrew?