Web Services
The Next Dimension of
Enterprise Computing
Dr. Billy B. L. Lim
School of Information Technology
Illinois State University
Outline

Web Services






What
Why
How
Who
When
Not
E-Commerce Scenarios


Objective: Capitalize on the success of
e-commerce and build a web site to
sell books, CDs, and others
Scenario1


Build BillyBooks.com and compete
directly with the Amazon.com’s of the
world
Any chance of success here?
E-Commerce Scenarios

Scenario2
Source: Atkin, J., “Amazon Everywhere,” PC Magazine, 9/2003.
What are Web Services?

Some definitions / characteristics

“A Web service is a software system designed to
support interoperable machine-to-machine
interaction over a network. It has an interface
described in a machine-processable format
(specifically WSDL). Other systems interact with
the Web service in a manner prescribed by its
description using SOAP-messages, typically
conveyed using HTTP with an XML serialization
in conjunction with other Web-related standards.”
[W3C 2003]
What are Web Services?

definitions / characteristics (cont’d)

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“Internet services available to ‘silicon-based life
forms” (as opposed to ones presented to
humans)” [Gosling ’02]
“Loosely coupled remote RPCs that would
replace today’s tightly coupled RPCs, which
require application- and protocol-specific API
connection. .. Uses XML, rather than C or C++,
to call procedures” [Gartner]
“Use protocols and data representations that are
internet friendly and ubiquitous”
“Next-generation service-oriented Internet
applications”
What are Web Services?

Allow for rich, dynamic communication
between applications
Web

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

Service
Provide remote access to data and process

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“Components for the Web”
Reusable unit of business work
Remote access to business data
Help acquire “a homogenous view of a
heterogeneous reality”
“They probably won’t cost much, and they
really may change everything”
Why Web Services? Observations

“I couldn’t make DCOM work. I tried and failed,
again and again. But I can make a Web service
in a heartbeat.”
-- Jim Gray, Microsoft Distinguished Engineer
(Turing Award (~= Nobel Price for computing) Winner)
Why Web Services? Observations


.NET’s perspective
“The power of the XML Web Services model is
amazing. A company offering an online electronicpayment service can expose its service to partners, so
that they can deliver it as part of their own offering –
regardless of what platform they are using. An airline
can link its online reservation system to that of a carrental partner, so travelers can book a car at the same
time they book a flight. An online auction company
can notify bidders when they are outbid or have won
an auction, or could partner with other firms to offer
alternative shipping, fulfillment or payment options.
XML Web services help your business break free of its
boundaries.”
– Bill Gates
Why Web Services? Observations

Java’s perspective
(J2EE 1.4 Web Services
Framework)

Java API for XML
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JAXP (Processing)
JAXM (Messaging)
JAXR (Registering)
JAX-RPC
Why Web Services? Observations
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Projected Revenues

380 millions in 2001 vs. 15.5 billions in 2005 (Source:
ZapThink, Inc. ’02)
160000
140000
120000
100000
80000
Revenues
60000
40000
20000
0
2001

2005
IDC estimate: 1.6 billions in 2004 vs. 34 billions in
2007 (Source: South China Morning Post, May 28,
’02)
Why Web Services? Observations

“When do you expect your company to develop a
Web Services strategy?”
now / 3
mos
4-6 mos
7-12
mos
>=12
mos
Never
???
Source: InfoWorld Web Services Survey, July ‘01
Why Web Services? Observations
www.ws-i.org

The industry is aligned …

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Broad industry initiative for Web services
 Over 150 industry leaders
Interoperability across platforms, applications,
and languages
Why Web Services? Observations
Why Web Services? Observations

Name change from “XML” to “XML & Web
Services”
Why Web Services? Observations

Technology of the Year (InfoWorld ’02)
Why Web Services?
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Interoperable
Easy to use
Reusable
Ubiquitous
Why Web Services?

eBusiness Paradox [Clarke ’02]

“The promise of networked businesses will
not be realized until we can rapidly and
dynamically interoperate”
Why Web Services?

Need to interoperate within our enterprise and
interoperate between enterprises
Why Web Services?

Traditionally, client and server need to
understand:

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
Implementation details
Service deployment
Security types and trusts
etc.

They must “speak” the same platform (COM
to COM, EJB to EJB, ORB to ORB, etc.)

Web Services are the result of:

Evolution of 3 generations of Web Applications
Source: Gusmano ‘02
1st Generation Web Applications
UI Logic
Biz Logic
Browsers
OS
Services
Source: Gusmano ‘02
Servers
Data, Hosts
2nd Generation Web Applications
Rich Client
UI Logic
Richer
Browsers
Biz Logic
Tier
OS
Services
Source: Gusmano ‘02
Servers
Data, Hosts
Next Generation Web Applications
Other
Services
Smarter
Clients
Standard
Browsers
Smarter
Devices
Applications Become
Programmable Web Services
Biz Biz
Logic &
Web
Service
Tier Logic
OS
OS
Services
Open Internet
Communications Protocols
(HTTP, SMTP, XML, SOAP)
Public Web
Services
Foundation
Services
Internal
Web Services
Servers
Data, Hosts
Source: Gusmano ‘02
Web Services: Life Cycle
Service Registry
(e.g., IBM UDDI service)
 publish
service (e.g.,
stock quote)
Service
Provider (e.g.,
Brokerage House)
 find service
 bind to service
Service
Requester (e.g., XYZ
Financial Software)
Life Cycle of a Web Service Execution (Registry, Lookup,
and Consumption)
What is Under the Hood?
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XML
SOAP
WSDL
UDDI
Web Services: SOAP, WSDL, UDDI
An Overview of SOAP
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Simple Object Access Protocol
Lightweight XML-based messaging format
Builds on
 W3C XML standards
 IETF HTTP standard
Works with:

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Any operating system
Any programming language
Any platform
What is a SOAP Message?
SOAP Message
The complete SOAP Message
Protocol Headers
Standard Protocol (HTTP, SMTP, etc.)
and SOAP Headers
SOAP Envelope
<Envelope> encloses payload
SOAP Header
Headers
SOAP Body
Message Name & Data
<Header> encloses headers
Individual headers
<Body> contains SOAP
Message Name and Data
XML Encoded SOAP
Message Name and Data
Simple SOAP Request (Using HTTP)
POST /StockQuote HTTP/1.1
Host: www.stockquoteserver.com
Content-Type: text/xml
Content-Length: 323
SOAPAction: “www.stockquoteserver.com/GetLastTradePrice”
<?xml version=“1.0” encoding=“utf-8”?>
<SOAP-ENV:Envelope
xmlns:SOAP-ENV="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/envelope/"
SOAP-ENV:encodingStyle="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/encoding/">
<SOAP-ENV:Body>
<m:GetLastTradePrice xmlns:m="Some-Namespace-URI">
<symbol>DIS</symbol>
</m:GetLastTradePrice>
</SOAP-ENV:Body>
</SOAP-ENV:Envelope>
Simple SOAP Response (Using HTTP)
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Content-Type: text/xml; charset=utf-8
Content-Length: nnnn
<?xml version=“1.0” encoding=“utf-8”?>
<SOAP-ENV:Envelope
xmlns:SOAP-ENV="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/envelope/"
SOAP-ENV:encodingStyle="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/encoding/">
<SOAP-ENV:Body>
<m:GetLastTradePriceResponse
xmlns:m="Some-Namespace-URI">
<Price>24.5</Price>
</m:GetLastTradePriceResponse>
</SOAP-ENV:Body>
</SOAP-ENV:Envelope>
WSDL
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Web Services Description Language
Lets Web Services describe

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
what they are
where they can be found
how they should be used
Simplified WSDL example
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<serviceDescription>
<soap >
<service>
<addresses>
<address uri="http://localhost//HelloWorld.asmx"/>
</addresses>
<requestResponse name="HelloWorld" soapAction="http://tempuri.org/HelloWorld">
<request ref="s0:HelloWorld"/>
<response ref="s0:HelloWorldResult"/>
</requestResponse>
</service>
</soap>
</serviceDescription>
Complete one: ISU Hello in Foreign Language Translator
UDDI
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Universal Description, Discovery, and
Integration
Lets companies find publicly available
Web Services on the Internet or
corporate Intranets.
UDDI
How useful are Web Services?

Web services: Some possibilities
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Financial information (e.g., stock quotes)
Sports information
Weather information
News
Delivery status
Tax and shipping calculations
Any data that is relevant to the client
Web Services: Demo
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Examples:

College Admission Portal
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http://138.87.169.87:9999/transcriptRequest/index.htm
Microsoft TerraService
http://terraserver.microsoft.net/default.aspx
Web Services: Who?
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Who is doing this?
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Vendors
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Users/Consumers
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Microsoft, IBM, Sun, Oracle, HP, BEA, etc.
.NET passport, Calendar, Alerts, Amazon Web
Services, etc.
Nordstrom, General Motors, etc.
List of public Web Services http://www.xmethods.net/
Who should pay attention to this?

All of us!
Web Services: When?
Web Services: When?

Web Services will enter most organizations in three
distinct phases: [Source: IDC]
 2002 (within the firewall)
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2004 (contained external users)
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Simplified app integration
Increased developer productivity
Simplified business-partner connectivity
Richer app functionality
Subscription-based services
2006 to 2008 (fully dynamic search and use)
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Casual / ad-hoc use of services
New business models possible
Commoditization of software
Pervasive use in nontraditional devices
Web Services: The Not?
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Challenges/Issues
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Reliability / Consistency
Security
Authentication
Privacy
Billing
Reuse
Performance
Incompatible implementations of standards
Web Services: “Lingua Franca”
Source: Clarke ‘02
Related Project at ITK/ISU
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College Admission Portal System
(CAPS)
Performance Comparisons of .NET
and Java-based Web Services
“A Day in the Life of Genie/Jini: A
Simulation of Service-Oriented
Architecture”
References
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Clarke, N., “.Net & the J2EE: Web Services - Can we live together?,”
JavaOne 2002.
Gosling, J., Next-Generation Web Services Conference, Keynote address,
Jan, 2002.
Gusmano, M., “Build Web Services with VB.NET,” Microsoft Internet
Developer Group, April 2001.
Appendix
Integrating Web Services into a
College Admission Portal System
(CAPS)
Billy Lim, Yan Sun
School of Information Technology
Illinois State University
Project Rationale

Problems


Online college admission application is
not complete (i.e., transcript is official and
thus can’t be submitted by students)
Solutions

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Transmit official documents between
systems using Web Services
Add WS-Security
Project Architecture
HTTP
CAPS
(College
Admission
Portal
System)
Client (Student) interface via a
browser
XML
HTTP
XML
College 1
Transcript
Web
Service
DB
JDBC
…
College N
Transcript
Web
Service
DB
JDBC
B-to-B (College-to-College) interface via
Web services
Project Architecture (2)
Applicant
New School
Old School
Tomcat
4.1
BEA
WebLogic
Server 8.1
beta
JSP App
Server
Oracle 9i
Transcript
DB
XML
WS Security
Access 2002
Student
DB
Information Flow
Old School
New School
Applicant
1
Tomcat
4.1
2
7
JSP App
Server
5
6
Oracle 9i
Transcript
DB
BEA
WebLogic
Server 8.1
beta
4
3
Access 2002
Student
DB
Where are Web Services
Being Used Today?
Business applications of web
services
Source: [Schray 03]
Web Services are here now!
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Danske Bank – XML web service for stock
quotes
Annie E. Casey Foundation – Used XML
web services to tie together various legacy
systems
Bear, Stearns, and Company – used XML
web services to extend stock order
capabilities to its internal developers
Web Services are here now!...

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Nasdaq Stock Market, Inc. - using XML
Web services to deliver XBRL data directly to
the desktop
Centerpost - company’s new XML Web
service interface has decreased the time and
effort required to integrate new clients by an
average of 75 percent.
Allstate Insurance Co. – used web services
to integrate five existing policy management
systems
Source: http://www.microsoft.com/net/casestudies/
Examples of public web
services
Public Web Services

Microsoft MapPoint

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Google Search API


http://staging.mappoint.net/standard30/mappoint.wsdl
http://api.google.com/GoogleSearch.wsdl
Amazon.com

http://soap.amazon.com/schemas2/Amaz
onWebServices.wsdl
Public Web Services

MapPoint
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Google
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GetMap
Find `find a location and get details
doGoogleSearch
doSpellingSuggestion
doCachedPage
Amazon
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KeywordSearchRequest
AsinSearchRequest ` like a ISBN search