FEM 4101
MOTIVATION AND HUMAN
ACHIEVEMENT
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ZARINAH ARSHAT
ROOM
EMAIL
PHONE
: A104, Department of Human
Development and Family Studies
: zarinah_upm@putra.upm.edu.my
/zarinaharshat@yahoo.co
: 03-89467139
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INTRODUCTION TO FEM 4101
• COURSE OBJECTIVES
• ASSESSMENT
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INTRODUCTION TO FEM 4101
• Course objective 1
– explain the basic concept of motivation
and human achievemen
–Course objective 2
– discuss of variety of theories about
motivation and the role of motivation in
human achievement.
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INTRODUCTION TO FEM 4101
• Course objective 3
– explain the relationships between
emotion, motivation, behavior and
human achievement.
• Course objective 4
– apply motivation theories in human
achievement discussion
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INTRODUCTION TO FEM 4101
• Assessment
– Test 1
– Assignment 1
– Final
30%
30%
40%
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QUESTIONS
• Have you ever found it hard to do
something that needed to be done?
• Have you ever had a hard time getting
others to do or accomplish necessary
tasks?
• Would you like to take charge of your own
life or help others take charge of theirs?
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MOTIVATION
• The difference or gap between what needs
to be done and what is not being done can
be closed using motivation.
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MOTIVATION
• What is motivation?
• Why you need to know what is
motivation?
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MOTIVATION
• Think of one or more significant others
whom you would consider to be your
source of motivation.
• How this people motivate you?
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MOTIVATION
• Motivation is the characteristic that
helps you achieve your goal.
• Psychologists define motivation as an
internal process that activates, guides,
and maintains behavior over time.
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MOTIVATION
• Motivation originates from a variety of
sources (need, cognition, and emotions)
• Internal processes energize and direct
behavior in multiple way (starting,
sustaining, intensifying, focusing, and
stopping the particular behavior)
• Motivation can vary in both intensity and
direction.
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WHAT IS ACHIEVEMENT?
• ...according to Murray's list of basic human
need "achievement is described as to
overcome obstacle, and attain a high
standard or to rival and surpass others or
to strive and to master"
• ...is the driving force to do well relative to a
standard of excellence (McClelland,
Atkinson, Clark, & Lowell, 1953)
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WHAT IS ACHIEVEMENT?
• Examples of self-related standard of
excellence:
– Performing batter then done previously, as in
exceeding last semester's GPA
• Examples of other-related standard of
excellence
- Performing better than other person or a
group of other, as in making higher grades
then your other coursemate/
roomate/housemate
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WHAT IS ACHIEVEMENT?
• However, note that “standards of excellence are
double-edged swords”
• The tendency to APPROCH a standard of
excellence OR to overcome the Tendency to
AVOID it
• Anticipating anxiety, fear, defensiveness may
lead to avoid or withdraw from standards of
excellence
• Anticipating pride and gratification may lead to
approach standard of excellence
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RESEARCH ON MOTIVATION
• There are two distinct approaches to the
study of motivation.
– First is a product of academic, experimental
procedures,
– Second is an outgrowth of clinical, nonexperimental methods.
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RESEARCH ON MOTIVATION
• All investigators in this field are guided by
a single basic question, namely, Why do
organisms think and behave as they do?
• Quantitative and qualitative measurement
of human achievement, for eg.
– Hermans (1970) Prestatic Motivation Test
(PMT)
– Jackson (1974) Personal Research Form
(PRF)
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What does the research on
motivation tell us?
• The research on motivation defines motivation
as an orientation toward a goal. (This orientation
may be positive, negative, or ambivalent.)
• Motivation provides a source of energy that is
responsible for why learners decide to make an
effort, how long they are willing to sustain an
activity, how hard they are going to pursue it,
and how connected they feel to the activity.
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What does the research on
motivation tell us?
• Much of the research on motivation has
confirmed the fundamental principle of
causality: motivation affects effort, effort
affects results, positive results lead to an
increase in ability.
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Human Motivation
COMPONENTS OF
MOTIVATION
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Components of Motivation
• Biological component
• Learned component
• Cognitive component
– Behavior is caused by an interaction of
biological, learned, and cognitive processes:
brain circuits are activated, learned responses
are triggered, and control is taken by making
plans.
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TOPIC 2
TYPES AND THEORIES
OF MOTIVATION AND
ACHIEVEMENT
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Types of motivation
• Motivation is:
– an internal state or condition (sometimes
described as a need, desire or want)
– internal state or condition that activates
behavior and gives it direction
– desire or want that energize and directs goaloriented behavior
– influence of needs and desires on the
intensity and direction of behavior
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Important of motivation
• Is motivation is a primary or secondary
influences on behavior?
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The relationship of motivation and emotion
• Emotion occur as a result of an interaction
between perception of environmental
stimuli, neural/hormonal responses to
these perceptions( often labeled feelings).
• There is a relationship between motivation
and emotion
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Sources of Motivation
• Extrinsic (outside the person)
• Intrinsic (internal to the person)
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Major Theories of Motivation
and Human Achievement
• Motivation and behavioral learning theory
– Reward and reinforcement
– Determining the value of an incentive
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Major Theories of Motivation
and Human Achievement
• Motivation and human needs
– Maslow’s Hierarchy of need
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Psychological theories of motivation
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Psychoanalytic
Drive
Field
Achievement
Social learning
Attributional
Humanistic
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