This document is structured into the following parts
1. SUGGESTED TIMELINE AND WORKFLOW FOR DEVELOPING FLASH APPEALS
2. SELECTED GUIDANCE DOCUMENTS AND OTHER RESOURCES
3. SUGGESTED CHECKLIST FOR DEVELOPING AND FINALISING INITIAL FLASH APPEAL IN-COUNTRY
4. APPEAL TEMPLATE (with guidance notes)
How to use this document

This document contains a fully formatted, blank flash appeal template with integrated guidance sections, highlighted in yellow, to assist in the drafting process.

Once a final field draft has been completed by an appealing country team, parts 1 – 2, as well as the integrated guidance notes, may be deleted leaving section 3 (checklist) and the completed appeal template to be sent to
CHAP Section.
For further background information on aspects of the flash appeal process, please consult the Flash Appeal Guidelines .
1
1 http://docs.unocha.org/sites/dms/CAP/FA_guidelines_October_2010_v02.pdf

1. SUGGESTED TIMELINE AND WORKFLOW FOR DEVELOPING A FLASH APPEAL
Note on timing: flash appeal policy and practice have traditionally required a flash appeal to be published (that is, drafted in the field, reviewed by HQs, finalised by CHAP Section) within seven days of a disaster or decision to trigger an appeal. Level 3 policy calls for this period to extended to 10 days (five for drafting of a strategic response plan, a further five for cluster response plans).
Although no decision has been made to apply L3 policy to non-L3 contexts, this may be both good practice and ultimately required, as well as needed in order to accommodate new steps and processes (notably MIRA and strategic response plan). Therefore, this suggested timeline has been extended by two days in the field to seven days. If a country team/HCT can complete a flash appeal sooner, there is no requirement to keep to the timing suggested below. However, taking longer than one/two days more than what is suggested is not recommended.
DAY STEP
ACTIONS REQUIRED/BY
WHOM
Prior to emergency
Immediately prior to likely emergency
Suggested list of steps useful to take prior to an emergency

Identification and analysis of baseline data (e.g. demographic [gender, age], economic, urban/rural), especially regarding at-risk zones or vulnerable populations.

Identification and analysis of risks and vulnerabilities.

Pre-contacts with government and other national actors of concern (e.g. national Red Cross/Red Crescent Society).

Agreement with government on what kind and scale of crisis would trigger an international appeal and (if sensitive) what appeal should be called.

Pre-formation of clusters/sectors and mapping of available capacity and identification of appeal focal point (if OCHA is not in-country).

Drafting of generic flash appeal projects at country or regional level, based upon risk and vulnerability assessments, and in-country humanitarian and government capacity.

Familiarity with CERF processes and procedures.

Preparedness and contingency planning.

Review contingency plan.

Review, update and finalise roles and responsibilities.
 Review of response structures and mechanisms (‘refresher’ training).

Contacts with out-of-country support (CHAP Section, CERF Secretariat, etc).

Contacts with government counterparts.


Country team/country team/HCT, coordinated by RC/HC and in coordination with government and other relevant actors.
Country team/HCT, coordinated by RC/HC.
EMERGENCY OCCURS

Flash appeal process triggered following review of available information AND/OR activation of contingency plan.

If not already determined, one organisation assigned to lead and coordinate the response in each priority sector or area of activity (e.g. cluster/sector leads).

Operations area assigned (operations room, real or virtual).

If there is no OCHA presence in the affected country, an appeal focal point is assigned for consolidating inputs from agencies in the field.

Initial discussions are held on t he appeal’s overall direction, strategy, and criteria for selection of projects. These initial findings should be be consolidated into a draft strategic response plan, or
Day 1 common humanitarian action plan (CHAP) and shared with cluster/sector leads, who should then share it with partner organisations.

Discussions held on whether a CERF submission may be needed to jump start operations.

The Multi Cluster/Sector Initial Rapid Assessment (MIRA) process is begun

Work prioritised on a Preliminary Scenario Definition (PSD) to be produced within 72 hours.

The government of the affected country is consulted ( though its permission is not needed for a flash appeal ).

RC/HC, in consultation with the country team/HCT.

RC/HC in consultation with the country team/HCT.

RC/HC assigns appeal focal point.

The RC/HC in coordination with the country team/HCT.

OCHA/appeal focal point, in consultation with cluster/sector leads.

RC/HC triggers the MIRA.

Assessment coordinator or OCHA/appeal focal point.

RC/HC

Rapid needs assessments or appraisals begin.

Assessment coordinator, in coordination with assessment technical and information management experts.

An update, including a summary of decisions taken at the strategic level, should be communicated to the country team/HCT from the operations area.

RC/HC and OCHA/appeal focal point.

Day 2
Day 3
Day 4
Day 5
Day 6
Day 7

Work continues on the general sections of the appeal and the CHAP.

In parallel, work begins on putting together a CERF application, including beginning work on filling in the template for rapid response.

Rapid needs assessments or appraisals continue (or begin if not yet started).

Each cluster/sector group meets at the national level with partner organisations to map capacity and assign roles and responsibilities within the sector or area of activity, lay out criteria for projects, following the guidance laid out in the CHAP.

Partner organisations review available capacity and operations to determine whether they are able to participate in a flash appeal.

An update should be communicated to the country team/HCT from the operations area.



OCHA/appeal focal point.
Assessment coordinator, in coordination with assessment technical and information management experts.
Cluster/sector leads coordinate and facilitate the consensus building on project inclusion and draft response plans.




Needs assessment information is analysed.
Emerging priorities for the CERF application are discussed and reviewed
Cluster/sector leads continue working on drafting cluster/sector response plans and begin reviewing draft projects submitted by partner agencies.
PSD is finalised and shared with the country team.

An update should be communicated to the country team/HCT from the operations area.

Country team/HCT reviews PSD, accepts or modifies its findings, and takes final decision on strategic objectives and priorities of flash appeal, in line with findings of PSD

Priorities for CERF application narrowed down and agreed upon.

This information is communicated to the cluster/sector leads

Work continues on cluster/sector response plans, with cluster/sector objectives aligned with appeal’s strategic objectives and priorities

PSD findings and priorities taken into account.
 Review and selection of cluster/sector members’ proposed projects begins.

PSD merged into the draft flash appeal, and strategic response plan or CHAP updated as needed.

Draft of the appeal is circulated to the country team/HCT for comments by the next day.

An update should be communicated to the country team/HCT from the operations area.

Cluster/sectors continue drafting response plans, and begin reviewing draft projects submitted by partner agencies.

By end of day, draft response plans, including projects received to date, are sent to
OCHA/appeal focal point

Cluster/sector response plans compiled with CHAP to produce appeal draft.

Draft is circulated to country team/HCT for review/comments/further input.

Cluster/sectors continue drafting response plans, and finalising review of draft projects submitted by partner agencies.

By end of day, final draft response plans, including projects, are sent to OCHA/appeal focal point

Cluster/sector response plans and country team/HCT comments incorporated into draft appeal.

Draft appeal collated and sent to country team/HCT for final review and approval.

An update should be communicated to the country team/country team/HCT from the operations area.

Country team/HCT reviews appeal draft.

Any final changes are made and final field draft produced.

Partner organisations.

RC/HC and OCHA/appeal focal point.

Assessment coordinator and assigned cluster assessment focal points.

RC/HC and country team/HCT agree priorities identified by assessment coordinator and cluster assessment focal points.

RC/HC and country team/HCT discuss priorities for the CERF.

Cluster/sector leads.

Assessment coordinator, in coordination with assessment technical and information management experts.

RC/HC shares PSD with country team.

RC/HC and OCHA/appeal focal point.

Country team/HCT in coordination with assessment coordinator.

Country team/HCT


Relevant organisations in each cluster/sector, coordinated by cluster/sector leads.
Cluster/sector leads.

OCHA/appeal focal point coordinates merger

Country team/HCT reviews

RC/HC and OCHA/appeal focal point.

Cluster/sector leads.

OCHA/appeal focal point

Cluster/sector leads.

OCHA/appeal focal point.

RC/HC and OCHA/appeal focal point.

Country team/HCT

OCHA/appeal focal point

Day 8 (day 1 of receiving final draft)

RC/HC reviews final field draft, and makes any last changes.

Final field draft sent to OCHA CHAP Section (Geneva), including cover photo (with credit).

If not finished, work continues on the CERF application.



RC/HC and OCHA/appeal focal point
RC/HC
OCHA/appeal focal point.
END OF DIRECT FIELD INVOLVEMENT IN DRAFTING APPEAL
START OF REVIEW PERIOD AT OCHA AND HQs OF IASC ORGANISATIONS PARTICIPATING IN THE APPEAL

CHAP Section circulates final field draft to agency HQs, which have 24 hours to return comments on the document.

Final comments from IASC headquarters due.

OCHA CRD desk officer incorporates and reconciles HQs' comments, and returns document to CHAP Section.
Day 9 (day 2 of receiving final draft)

CHAP Section performs final substantive review, style-checks, uploads project information onto OPS/FTS, and formats the document.
THE APPEAL IS FINALISED AND PUBLISHED: IF A LAUNCH IS PLANNED THIS TAKES PLACE AT IDENTIFIED TIME/PLACE(S)
Notes
 There is a difference between ‘finalising’ an appeal (publishing it) and ‘launching’ it (an event): not all appeals are launched, although all are finalised. Some appeals are launched in the field, some in Geneva/NY, and some in multiple locations.

Scheduling launches: experience has shown that a launch meeting must NOT be scheduled either at HQ or in the field until the final field draft of an appeal is received in
Geneva, and CHAP Section has been able to verify the content and quality, otherwise the final document may not be ready for the launch.


Printing: unless otherwise specified or required, initial flash appeals are not printed by CHAP Section other than for launch events (if one is organised).
Once the final fie ld draft is gone from the field, any last minute changes must go to appealing agencies’ IASC HQ reviewers or the appropriate desk officer involved in the appeal process.
Definitions

Final field draft: the final draft of an appeal that has been approved by the Resident/Humanitarian Coordinator (or their designate), and which has been sent to CHAP
Section. Once a final field draft has been sent, no further changes will be authorised to the text from the field without first checking/clearing it with CHAP Section, or following a specific CHAP Section request to do so.

Finalising an appeal: the process by which a final field draft is reviewed by the IASC CAP Sub-Working Group, OCHA CRD, and CHAP Section. The review involves verification by the HQs of participating IASC agencies of the text and projects, submission of corrections/amendments, and the final formatting, style checking, and financial review by CHAP Section.

Publishing an appeal: once a draft has been finalised by CHAP Section, it is sent to member states and posted to Reliefweb, and to http://www.unocha.org/cap/ . At that
 point, the appeal is considered published, and may be used or referred to officially.
Launching an appeal: a formal event whereby a published appeal is presented, usually to member states and other interested parties. In NY and Geneva, launches are usually organised by OCHA (by the Coordination Response Division (CRD) in either NY or Geneva). The organisation of local launches is at the discretion of the country office, but they must be coordinated with CRD, and the material used (i.e. presentation of the appeal, briefing documents, maps) should be the same/not contradict information given at Geneva/NY launches.

2. SELECTED GUIDANCE DOCUMENTS AND OTHER RESOURCES
Thematic area
Background guidance on flash appeals
Guidance

Flash Appeal Guidelines October 2010

Flash Appeals: what you need to know
Needs assessment and analysis
Clusters/sectors

Multi-cluster Initial Rapid Assessment March 2012

Needs Analysis Framework

IASC Guidance Note on Using the Cluster Approach to Strengthen Humanitarian Response , 24
November 2006

IASC Generic Terms of Reference for Sector/Cluster Leads at the Country Level
Central Emergency
Response Fund (CERF)
Contingency planning
Disaster preparedness and response
Early recovery
Protection

Guidance on the loan and grant component may be found at What is the CERF?
On the Fund’s website.

CERF guidance contains links to a range of information, including on the CERF life-saving criteria.

IASC Contingency Planning Guidelines for Humanitarian Assistance , (Revised version) ,
December 2007

Disaster Preparedness for Effective Response - Guidance and Indicator Package for
Implementing Priority Five of the Hyogo Framework , October 2008

OCHA Disaster Response Preparedness Toolkit

SPHERE

IASC Civil-Military Guidelines and References for Complex Emergencies , January 2009

Cluster Working Group on Early Recovery (CWGER) and CAP SWG: Including Early Recovery in Flash Appeals: A Phased Approach , January 2009

CWGER: Guidance Note on Early Recovery , April 2008

IASC Operational Guidelines and Field Manual on Human Rights Protection in situations of
Natural Disaster , ( Pilot Version ) March 2008
IASC Gender Handbook in
Humanitarian Action
Gender-based violence programming
Mental health and psychosocial support

Women, Girls, Boys, and Men: Different Needs - Equal Opportunities , December 2006

IASC Guidelines for Gender-based Violence Interventions in Humanitarian Settings , September
2005

IASC Guidelines on Mental Health and Psychosocial Support in Emergency Settings ,
December 2008

3. SUGGESTED CHECKLIST FOR DEVELOPING AND FINALISING INITIAL FLASH APPEAL IN-COUNTRY
Overall strategy and process
The presentation of the situation, and the need for an appeal, is clearly presented.
The evidence of needs is clearly presented, with sources footnoted.
There is a clear link between strategic objectives and cluster/sector response plans.
The projects focus on, and cover as much as possible, the needs and priorities identified in the common humanitarian action plan (CHAP).
The projects have been selected through a vetting process applying clear selection criteria.
Must be yes
Must be yes
Must be yes
Must be yes
Should be yes
Notes/comments
The Preliminary Scenario Definition
(PSD) should have helped in this.
Ensure that one focal point is assigned to coordinate the drafting process in-country, and to liaise with CHAP Section.
Should be yes
Having one focal point ensures that there is one ‘master’ version of the draft at any one time, helps maintain the integrity of the document and the process, and improves information exchange.
Internal document consistency
The one-page Summary clearly states the appeal’s timeline and the funding requested.
Must be yes
The ‘key parameters’ in the Summary are completed.
Should be yes
This box gives you the opportunity to put the key messages and facts of the flash appeal in one spot.
The overall number and definition of affected people (and of beneficiaries, if they differ) is clearly stated in the Summary, and is consistent throughout the document.
The number of affected people is broken down by each of the categories included in the definition (for example IDPs, IDP host communities, flood affected, severely food-insecure), and also by gender, and by location if appropriate and if this information is available.
Each cluster/sector response plan clearly states the number and definition of affected people and beneficiaries for its sector, and those numbers are consistent throughout the document.
Must be yes
Must be yes
Must be yes
Consider representing this information in table form.
The document is consistent in its use of describing numbers of affected people: either individuals, or families/households, or both together, but not varying between the two randomly.
All tables, maps, graphs, or charts are recent or recently updated, and they are referred to and/or substantively discussed in the text.
They all contain a title, source of information and “as of” date.
Should be yes
Must be yes
Failure to be consistent here will result in unnecessary confusion and delay as potential discrepancies are resolved, particularly during the IASC
HQ review process.
CHAP Section can liaise with OCHA’s
Visual Unit to provide maps, graphs and tables, which will be created on the basis of information in the text
(hence the need for clarity and consistency in the document).
The labelling of clusters/sectors is consistent throughout the document.
All cluster/sector leads or co-leads are listed in the response plans.
There is a table or chart showing humanitarian coordination structures.
Must be yes
Must be yes
Check in particular the response plans, and Section 4 (roles and responsibilities).
Every acronym is spelled out at its first appearance in the text.
Acronyms are used only for phrases that appear more than twice.
Should be yes
In particular, please ensure that local acronyms (i.e. local NGOs and associations, Government departments) are spelt out. Failure to do so will result in potential delay during the IASC review as we try to contact you on missing/unknown acronyms.
Projects
The projects have been approved by the cluster/sector lead and reviewed by the Resident/Humanitarian Coordinator (HC).
Must be yes
All project fields should be clearly filled in, in particular:

the appealing agency(ies)

the title

the objectives (in concise form)

the beneficiaries

the amount requested
Must be yes for all points
On funding requested:

Amounts requested are always gross requirements, not net of funding already received.

If it is a joint project (two appealing agencies) the total budget requested must show the

division between the two agencies.
Cover and attachments
The draft appeal has a cover photo
Any photos used inside the document are captioned/credited.
Maps and charts are:

the most recent models available

if sent as separate files in editable form (either in Word or Excel)
Should be yes
Must be yes
Should be yes: if up to date maps/graphs unavailable, please state why clearly
If the country team cannot find a photo, CHAP Section can try to do so.

Photos should mean something.
For example use a close up of a beneficiary with a background reflecting humanitarian interest
(sectoral: food distribution, education, health, shelter, water…) or, in case of natural disaster, a background showing the impact of the catastrophe.

Each picture must have photo credits: Agency (or photographer’s name), country name, and the year.

Definition: slide or high-resolution digital copy (700kb + 1536x2048
(in *.jpg 300 or 600dpi))
CHAP Section can insert any attachments as long as clear instructions are left on where to place them in the document.
CHAP Section can also liaise with
OCHA’s Visual Unit to provide maps, graphs and tables.

CHAP Section will insert the cover, but the field must provide a photo

Ideally landscape format

Photos should mean something. For example use a close up of a beneficiary with a background reflecting humanitarian interest (sectoral: food distribution, education, health, shelter, water…) or, in case of natural disaster, a background showing the impact of the catastrophe.

Each picture must have photo credits
: Agency (or photographer’s name), country name, and the year.

Definition: slide or high-resolution digital copy (700kb + 1536x2048 (in *.jpg 300 or 600dpi)).
Please delete this box after use by clicking on the upper left corner until a 4-arrows icon appears and then press “BACKSPACE” on the keyboard
Photo credit: ………

Please note that appeals are revised regularly. The latest version of this document is available on http://unocha.org/cap/ . Full project details, continually updated, can be viewed, downloaded and printed from http://fts.unocha.org
.

REFERENCE MAP ................................................................................................................................. IV
1.
SUMMARY ....................................................................................................................................... 5
Basic humanitarian and development indicators for (country) .................................................... 6
Preliminary scenario definition ........................................................................................................ 7
Table I: Requirements per cluster/sector .......................................................................................... 8
Table II: 2013 Requirements per organization .............................................................................. 8
Table III: (as required by priority; by location; by gender marker; etc) ........................................... 8
2.
CONTEXT AND RESPONSE .......................................................................................................... 9
2.1
Context ................................................................................................................................... 9
2.2
Response to date ................................................................................................................... 9
3.
NEEDS ANALYSIS ........................................................................................................................ 10
3.1
Drivers of the emergency ................................................................................................... 10
3.2
Scope of the crisis and number of people in need .......................................................... 10
3.3
Status of the people in need ............................................................................................... 11
3.4
Priority humanitarian needs ............................................................................................... 11
4.
THE COMMON HUMANITARIAN ACTION PLAN ......................................................................... 12
4.1
Planning scenario ................................................................................................................ 12
4.2
The humanitarian strategy and strategic objectives ....................................................... 13
Explanation of strategy ................................................................................................................... 13
Strategic objectives and indicators ................................................................................................. 13
Criteria for selection and prioritization of projects .............................................................................. 14
CLUSTER RESPONSE PLAN TEMPLATE AND GUIDANCE ............................................................. 16
5.
CLUSTER RESPONSE PLANS ..................................................................................................... 19
5.1
Cluster name ........................................................................................................................ 19
5.2
Cluster name ........................................................................................................................ 20
5.3
Cluster name ........................................................................................................................ 22
6.
ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES ................................................................................................ 24
ANNEX I: LIST OF PROJECTS ............................................................................................................ 25
ANNEX II: (I.E MAPS, ASSESSMENT RESULTS, INTERNATIONAL FEDERATION OF RED
CROSS AND RED CRESCENT SOCIETIES EMERGENCY APPEAL, ETC) ..................................... 26
ANNEX III: ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS ........................................................................... 27
iii

If the country team/HCT wishes to propose a map it may do so. However, OCHA AVMU will usually provide a standard cartographic map.
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COUNTRY_NAME FLASH APPEAL 2013
Guidance
1 PAGE
Some readers may only read the summary, so it needs to be concise, as wellwritten as possible, and should state no more than three clearly articulated messages, in one page.

The crisis – what happened, when, where, [why], to whom?

What are the priority needs and the humanitarian response plan for the appeal’s six-month time span?

What is the amount of money needed in US$?
Consider using the Key Parameters box to succinctly outline the key elements: doing that will leave you more space in the narrative for explanatory text.
Please delete this box after use by clicking on the upper left corner until a 4arrows icon appears and then press “BACKSPACE” on the keyboard
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consetetur sadipscing elitr, sed diam nonumy eirmod tempor invidunt ut labore et dolore magna aliquyam erat, sed diam voluptua.
Target beneficiaries
- Xxxx
- xxxx
Priorities
- Xxxx
- Xxxx
Total funding requested
- Xxxx
- Xxxx
Funding requested per beneficiary
- Xxxx
- Xxxx
Key messages
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5

COUNTRY_NAME FLASH APPEAL 2013
Guidance
The table below is designed to show a snapshot of the affected country through using some basic standard humanitarian and development indicators. The sources for the information mentioned are not obligatory for the HCT to use, but have been found by CHAP Section to be the most reliable, and allow for aggregation and comparison across all appeals. If the HCT can/does not have access to this information, CHAP Section can complete it. This table can help in convincing donors of the severity of the crisis. Please provide the most recent data for each, and specify the source of data (as in the examples below). Show the trend over time if possible, or consider using the “regional averages” column. If you do not have regional information, CHAP Section may be able to fill it in from other sources.
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■
■
■
■
Population
Under-five mortality
Life expectancy

Abroad
ECHO Vulnerability and Crisis Index score (V/C)
… people
( UNFPA
State of World’s Population
)
… p/1,000
( UNICEF Childinfo statistical tables )
… years
( UNDP HDR 2011 )
■
■
Prevalence of undernourishment in total population
Gross national income per capita
… %
( FAO Prevalence of undernourishmen)
USD …
( World Bank Key Development Data &
Statistics )
■
Percentage of population living on less than $1.25 per day
… %
( UNDP HDR 2011 )
■ Proportion of population without sustainable access to an improved drinking water source
■
IDPs (number and percent of population)
… %
( UNDP HDR 2011 )
…
(Government or in-country sources)
■
Refugees

In-country
…
(UNHCR field office or UNHCR Statistical
Online Population Database
…
(UNHCR field office or UNHCR Statistical
Online Population Database
…/…
■
UNDP HDR 2011 Development Index score
…
(score, position, Human Development low/medium/high)
Also ■ State here other interesting or relevant statistics concerning the country (i.e. population growth, maternal/infant mortality, population living with HIV/AIDS, etc)
6

COUNTRY_NAME FLASH APPEAL 2013
Approximately 72 hours after the onset of a sudden emergency, a reasonable picture of the situation should have emerged from the analysis of secondary and initial primary data. By then, assessors should have translated their conclusions into clear and easily accessible results so that a preliminary scenario definition (PSD) can be circulated. Its added value is to provide a summary of the:
 pre-crisis situation
 nature of the disaster
 scope and magnitude (areas, population affected)
 immediate post-disaster developments
 key humanitarian priorities
The preliminary scenario definition is intended to promote a shared understanding of the situation in the humanitarian community. As such, it should be shared and discussed with the HCT and cluster/sector leads as early as possible before being made public.
As the review of secondary data continues on a rolling basis, assessment teams may wish to update the preliminary scenario definition periodically after its first production.
Guidance on developing a PSD is available here 2
PSD template here:
PSD Template.docx
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2
http://assessments.humanitarianresponse.info/sites/assessments.humanitarianresponse.info/files/mira_final_version2012.pdf
7

COUNTRY_NAME FLASH APPEAL 2013
CHAP Section will generate and insert the financial rquirements once the figures are final.
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8

COUNTRY_NAME FLASH APPEAL 2013
Guidance on the context
IDEALLY 4 – 5 PAGES FOR ALL OF SECTION 2
IDEALLY 1.5 PAGES FOR THE CONTEXT

What happened?


Where?
Who is affected? Give figures on affected populations, including numbers and type of population affected
 by the emergency, disaggregated to the extent possible by gender and age, and any other specific or relevant manner (e.g. number of disaster-induced IDPs, persons affected by region, livelihood, etc). (Note: do not write “affected” without defining what you mean by affected in this context).
What has happened since the onset of the crisis? (e.g. information gathered, government response, government agreement to/request for international assistance, immediate response by agencies, assessments done, etc.).
Please delete this box after use by clicking on the upper left corner until a 4-arrows icon appears and then press “BACKSPACE” on the keyboard
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Guidance on response to date
IDEALLY 0.5
– 1 PAGE FOR THE RESPONSE TABLE

Outline concisely (in tabular form, for example) what has been accomplished to date by cluster/sector. As far as possible, an agency-specific review should be avoided: this has the tendency to offer a fragmented and sometimes partial review of what has been done. A cluster/sector-based response offers a more holistic appraisal;

Indicate what has been accomplished by other actors (bilaterally, International Red Cross and Red
Crescent Movement, etc.);

Identify remaining gaps
Note: if a CERF application has been submitted, but not yet approved, only mention it has been submitted. If, however, the submission has been accepted, you may reference the full amount of CERF funding forthcoming.
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Cluster/Sector
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
asdfasdf

asdfasdf

sdfasdf
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
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(i.e government)
(i.e. Red Cross)

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
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COUNTRY_NAME FLASH APPEAL 2013
Guidance
IDEALLY 1.5
– 2 PAGES
Where the Context sets out what has happened, who is affected, and where, this section sets out how these populations have been affected by the emergency by identifying the needs, and what needs to be done to respond to them. The Preliminary Scenario Definition should already have identified Questions that should guide this process are, for example:

What are the needs (of specific groups, disaggregated by sex and age as far as possible) as a direct and immediate result of this crisis? (Use inference if necessary, and specify the basis for inference).

What would be the needs in the best, worst, and most likely scenarios (if major uncertainty exists)?

What are the priority sectors/areas for response?

What are the cross-cutting issues?
Maps and photos can be useful here, as can tables and charts, for succinctly presenting information. There are a number of tools to support humanitarian actors to assess both general and specific programming needs during a humanitarian crisis, both agency- and sector-specific. Some of these tools are referenced in the section on
Selected Guidance Documents (at the front of this template). If possible, efforts should be placed to coordinate
assessments so as to ensure efficient use of resources and achieve the most accurate and comprehensive needs assessment in the time available.
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
What are the main drivers and root causes of the humanitarian crisis?

How are these phenomena inter-acting to cause humanitarian consequences?
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How many people are affected (see note on definitions below); who and where are they; and what is their demographic profile?

If, as is often the case, this crisis is situated in a context of generalized vulnerability and deprivation, what is the HCT‘s threshold to distinguish humanitarian need?

Of those affected how many people are in need, disaggregated by sex and age, combining all clusters?

How many people in need are being reached currently (if applicable)?

What is the geographic concentration or pattern of people in need?
Note on definitions for the proposed table:

Affected people (not shown on this table) include all people whose lives have been affected in some way by the crisis. Not all affected people need humanitarian aid.

People in need comprise those affected people who require humanitarian aid (of a type relevant to this cluster/sector) in some form. People in need are thus a sub-group of affected people.
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People in need
Location Male Female Armed conflicts
Natural disasters
Total
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COUNTRY_NAME FLASH APPEAL 2013
Location
Xxx
Yyy
Zzz
Grand total
Male
100,000
100,000
100,000
300,000
Female
100,000
100,000
100,000
300,000
Armed conflicts
100,000
100,000
100,000
300,000
Natural disasters
100,000
100,000
100,000
300,000
Total
100,000
100,000
100,000
300,000

To what extent will local and national capacity cover the needs?

What is the current status and trend in key humanitarian indicators (mortality, morbidity and dignity/quality of life) among people in need?

What is the condition of people in need in terms of livelihoods, protection, and access to and use of basic services and goods?

What are the local coping mechanisms of people in need?

What are the key manifestations of humanitarian needs (summarize per sector)?

How are the needs inter-related with one another? (Refer to the N eeds Analysis Framework’s chevron diagram, available here ) 3

Are there differences of need among male, female, different age groups (young children, adolescent, adults)?
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What humanitarian needs are causing excess mortality and morbidity and life without dignity, and which are the highest priority?

(Note that needs that are time-critical may be priorities even if they are not currently causing excess mortality etc., like supporting a successful planting season to reduce food insecurity and malnutrition some months later at harvest.)
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3 http://docs.unocha.org/sites/dms/CAP/Needs%20Analysis%20Framework%20-%20English%20-
%20for%202012%20guidelines.doc
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COUNTRY_NAME FLASH APPEAL 2013
If you have completed a preliminary scenario definition (see Section 1: Preliminary Scenario Definition) there is no need to restate a most likely scenario here. Simply insert here the scenario from the PSD. The sub-headings herein are the same.
If you have not done a PSD , then the purpose of specifying the most likely scenario (hence the one on which planning is based) is to ensure that the response plan looks beyond current snapshots and anticipates key variables and developments (and the humanitarian consequences thereof).
How to identify the most likely scenario: you identify your main (most influential) drivers or variables, and the most likely trajectory or forecast for each. (To avoid unnecessary detail, cite only drivers that can importantly affect humanitarian needs.) See additional guidance in the attachment below:
Guidance on developing a scenario.docx
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Lorem
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Lorem
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Lorem
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Lorem
Events
XXXX
XXXX
XXXX
XXXX
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
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COUNTRY_NAME FLASH APPEAL 2013
Write your strategy as a brief text that answers these key questions:

What are the overall visionary goals of humanitarian action in this crisis?

Which needs are being addressed by the affected country government and other actors, and how are these leaving gaps which the organizations in this appeal will fill
 What therefore are the boundaries (or ‘parameters,’ or ‘scope’) of your flash appeal, in terms of the caseload, types of need, and types of intervention that humanitarians will make under this plan?
-
-
Most flash appeals take place in situations of generalized vulnerability, impairment of basic services, and developmental neglect. In these conditions, humanitarian need can be detected almost anywhere in the country, and humanitarian organizations do not have enough funding or capacity to address them all.
After needs analysis, the HC and HCT therefore have to set the boundaries of needs and response as a crucial part of the appeal’s strategy. These boundaries can be geographic, demographic, deriving from clusters, temporal, or based on finer measurements of vulnerability – whatever combination serves best in your context to draw the line between what the HCT must achieve and what is secondary, or what must be left to development actors. This is where you state, implicitly or explicitly, what the humanitarian system in country will not do.

How will the HCT and clusters ensure coverage of the highest-priority needs?

What are the dilemmas regarding how to best use humanitarian resources in this situation, and what is the HCT’s decision on each dilemma?

How will the HCT mitigate key challenges like access, security, or capacity gaps?

What actions relevant to humanitarian strategy are planned in other programming tools such as national recovery plans, Common Country Assessment/UN Development Assistance Framework, World Bank poverty reduction programmes, or bilateral aid programmes? Be specific.
See additional guidance in the attachment below:
Designing humanitarian strategy.docx
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Explanation of strategy
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Strategic objectives and indicators
Make sure your strategic objectives have these qualities:

They state the (feasible) results that you must achieve (expressed as humanitarian impact, or actions necessary to enable humanitarian operations).

They are specific enough to help you focus the response and differentiate between what relates to it and what does not.

They are clear and compelling enough to persuade organizations to change their programming, and donors to change their funding, if necessary, to achieve them.

They reflect the gender-specific needs of women, girls, boys and men, as identified by a gender analysis.
 They are “SMART” – specific, measurable, achievable, relevant, and time-bound
Strategic indicators

The HCT should approve about four to six indicators that will measure achievement of the strategic objectives and the corresponding targets. These strategic indicators will normally be a mix of:
- Those that measure the process or outpu ts of humanitarian response (e.g. “proportion of displaced women, girls, boys and men who receive full and regular humanitarian assistance according to
SPHERE standards”);
- Those that measure the impact of humanitarian response (e.g. “incidence of water-borne disease among displaced people”), and;
-
Those that measure the upstream worsening or improvement of the crisis, (e.g. “number of newly displaced women, girls, boys and men”).
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COUNTRY_NAME FLASH APPEAL 2013
Note: You do not have to artificially expand the list of strategic indicators to include representatives of every cluster; choose a manageable and measurable list of those that best represent the macro-level humanitarian situation and desired impact of humanitarian actions, and which can be measured quickly (i.e. before the revision of the appeal, one month after the initial appeal is launched).
Strategic objective 1: xxxxx
Indicator asdfasdf asdfasdf asdfasdf
Strategic objective 2: xxxxx
Target asdfasdf asdfasdf asdfasdf
Indicator asdfasdf asdfasdf asdfasdf
Strategic objective 3: xxxxx
Target asdfasdf asdfasdf asdfasdf
Indicator asdfasdf asdfasdf asdfasdf
Target asdfasdf asdfasdf asdfasdf
When you have set the objectives, including the boundaries for what is in —and not in—the appeal, consider setting criteria for selection of projects . The following examples can help:

The project directly preserves life, health, or safety of affected populations

The project reduces aid dependence or restore priority infrastructure with a time-critical factor (i.e. within the six months of this appeal)

The project provides essential common services that enable such actions

The appealing agency must have been in the country at the time of the emergency

The appealing agency must have a proven track record in implementing the activities it is appealing for

The project must be cost-effective in terms of the number of beneficiaries and the needs to which the project intends to respond

Wherever possible, the project shall include national NGOs and other national partners

The project must not duplicate another one
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Prioritisation is not the same as selection.
Once a project and its activities have been selected, those projects and activities can then be prioritized into, in line with the appeal’s strategic objectives, what are the most urgent life-saving activities which need to start immediately in order to have the most impact.
Prioritisation is not compulsory for the first edition of a flash appeal, but it will strengthen it if you are able to do it.
Two methods can be used.

Each cluster can specify a limited list of top-priority caseloads, locations, and activities. The confluence of these three —the top-priority actions for the top-priority people in the top-priority locations—forms the cluster‘s top priorities. If the cluster wants to take the further step of signalling which projects address these top priorities, that would be useful, and can be recorded in the appeal (e.g. a summary financial table showing financial requirements per priority level.

Alternatively, you can prioritise activities along a set of common criteria. The most useful is perhaps temporal criteria, or criteria which govern the various phases of the response, i.e. which life-saving activities must start immediately or which are time-bound, which activities can be considered as having a longer start-up or which can be started later in the response.
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For each cluster/sector that the HCT decides to include:
 specify the cluster/sector lead;
 describe the needs that the sectoral response plan is aiming to meet, including gender-specific needs;
 state the objectives (bearing in mind the need to issue the appeal fast, there should not be an exhaustive list, but each should be specific and measurable);
 states the expected outputs and impacts
 include projects designed to respond to the assessed needs: recall that preliminary funding requirements in a rapid first edition should be commensurately disciplined and conservative . Budgets should be in line with initial information and in-country capacity.
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(NUMBER) (NAME OF CLUSTER)
Cluster lead agency(ies):
Sectoral objectives
Guidance (relevant to all clusters/sectors participating in the appeal)
IDEALLY 1 PAGE PER CLUSTER/SECTOR + ADDITIONAL PAGES FOR PROJECTS
Recall that, with the need to issue the appeal fast, the objectives do not need to be an exhaustive list of what will be undertaken. The cluster/sector should present between three and six SMART objectives – specific, measurable, attainable, relevant, and time-bound
– linked to indicators (which will be expounded in the
Expected outcomes (see below). These may be a mix of process objectives, like outputs, and results objectives, like outcomes.
Consider as well that, at the time of the revision (approximately a month after this initial version is released) clusters will base their revised response plans on a combination of new information, and in terms of what was planned and identified as objectives and activities. Reporting on a limited number of tightly focused objectives
(and associated outcomes and indicators), instead of a long, exhaustive list, will be far easier, and be more meaningful and impactful. Good advice to follow in constructing objectives would then be to try to link them tightly to the activities and expected outcomes. This can be done by, for example, assigning numbers to the objectives, and following that number system through, as was done in this extract from the 2010 Kyrgyzstan Flash Appeal
Health Cluster response plan.
Cluster objectives
1. Provide all wounded with life-saving and post-operative care.
Strategy and proposed activities
1. Provide all wounded with life-saving and post-operative care. This entails having in place surgical service delivery systems including essential surgical equipment, medicines and supplies in selected surgical health facilities of Osh and Jalal-Abad for life-saving and post-operative surgical care of wounded. ( ~2,000 beneficiaries)
Expected outcomes

Reduced mortality and reduced rate of post-operative complications among wounded patients
This model helps to maintain consistency, and avoids the text becoming disjointed or disassociated. You may also consider dividing the projects up into those corresponding to the various objectives, as was also done for
Kyrgyzstan.
On a point of internal consistency, it is very important that the document, particularly the projects, is consistent in the way it describes numbers of affected people: either individuals, or families/households, or both together, but not varying between the two randomly. Failure to be consistent here will result in confusion and delay, particularly during the IASC HQ review process.
Strategy and proposed objectives
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COUNTRY_NAME FLASH APPEAL 2013
Guidance

What is the strategy for achieving the objectives? This should be elaborated in terms of the planning assumptions and scenario which should have been agreed to by the HCT as part of any initial discussion on the appeal;

What are the humanitarian actions that can be implemented within the time span of this flash appeal
(maximum six months)?

Early recovery activities – and related needs and projects – should be identified and mainstreamed within each cluster/sector as appropriate, in line with the responsibility placed upon all clusters by the
IASC Cluster Working Group on Early Recovery, and in line with the specific
on early recovery in flash appeals
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Expected outcomes
Guidance

What is it that you hope or expect to achieve?

What indicators, linked to the cluster/sector objectives, will be used to mark progress?
Projects
Guidance on projects
Appealing organisations produce projects, and budgets for them, that a) correspond to the overall objectives and criteria set for the appeal by the RC/HC, and b) correspond to the cluster/sector objectives as elaborated by the cluster lead in relation to the overall objectives of the appeal. A flash appeal project box is deliberately concise, in keeping with the need to produce the appeal quickly. Admittedly, this might be unreflective of the significant amount of work
– by the individual appealing organisation, by the cluster/sector, by the cluster/sector lead – that took place to get it to this point. When it comes to appealing organisations and clusters setting priorities, establishing assessment methodologies, or designing templates for cluster/sector members to submit proposals and input, any form or format may be used.
However, when it comes time to incorporate that material into the flash appeal, a flash appeal project box should look only like this:
Agency WORLD FOOD PROGRAMME
Project title
Food Assistance to Tropical Storm Ketsana-Affected Populations in northern Philippines
Objective(s) Provide immediate life-saving and life-sustaining food assistance for three months through general food distribution and supplementary food distribution
Beneficiaries
One million
Partners
Project code
Budget ($)
DSWD, DoH, LGUs, UNICEF, NGOs, PNRC/Red Cross Movement
PHL-09/F/27781/561
19,698,960
Example from 2009 Philippines Flash Appeal
Note: CHAP Section will assign project codes to all projects
Guidance on reporting funding received to date
Projects should always report gross requirements, that is, the total amount required for a project irrespective of any funding received to date. If an organisation already has funding, in whole or in part, for a project it is submitting then that funding information should be submitted to FTS ( fts@un.org
) ; this funding information can be included for information purposes when submitting the final field draft, but it will not be included in the finalised appeal. The only exception to this rule is CERF, only if already allocated before the appeal is finalised (see below).
Agency
Project title
WORLD FOOD PROGRAMME
EMOP 10374.0 - Food assistance to drought-affected people in Kenya (Budget Revision
12 covers populations displaced or affected by post-election crisis in Kenya
Objective(s) Provide food assistance for persons displaced or affected by the post-election violence in
Kenya for up to three months, to protect their nutritional status from deterioration due to displacement and loss of assets; provide micro-nutrient rich commodities through health facilities to address moderate malnutrition
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COUNTRY_NAME FLASH APPEAL 2013
Beneficiaries
Partners
250,000 IDPs
KRCS, Government of Kenya, UNICEF, NGOs
Project code WFP KEN-08/F01
Budget ($) Total: 10,204,932
Less CERF commitment: 3,353,681
Net requirements: 6,851,251
Example from 2008 Kenya Flash Appeal
Guidance on multiple appealing agencies
A project may have more than one appealing agency, if this reflects a reality that the project is shared. However, each agency must state its specific portion of the appealed amount (this is to reflect the reality that donors commit funds to one agency at a time, not jointly under one contract to two or more agencies). If no such breakdown per agency within a shared project is stated, FTS will split the overall project amount equally. The following table shows how to reflect multiple appealing agencies:
Agencies UNITED NATIONS DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM
UNITED NATIONS HUMAN SETTLEMENTS PROGRAMME
Project title
Objective(s)
Beneficiaries
Partners
Preliminary measures for sustainable housing
Support to the National Government, regional, local governments and local builders and masons for the rehabilitation of destroyed and damaged houses
10,000 families who lost their dwellings
Ministry of Housing, Regional Governments of Santa Cruz and Beni, municipalities
Project code UNDP: BOL-08/S/NF02A
UN-HABITAT: BOL-08/S/NF02B
Budget ($) UNDP: 500,000
UNHABITAT: 500,000
Total: 1,000,000
Example from 2008 Bolivia Flash Appeal
Guidance on submission of projects directly from agency HQs
Agency headquarters sometimes submit additional projects directly to OCHA CHAP Section during the period of headquarters review. This is permissible in a fast-moving situation, but in these cases it is necessary for the agency to accompany the new project with evidence of the RC/HC’s approval (deadlines do not allow the OCHA
CHAP Section to contact the RC/HC and await approval in the short period between agency HQ comments and publication).
Agencies with limited or no presence in the affected country (e.g. regional offices only) may contact the appeal focal point in the field to incorporate the projects while the appeal is still being developed in the field. OCHA
CHAP Section can put such agencies in touch with the field focal point. If that is not feasible, they can, as a last resort, submit projects with the RC/HC’s approval during the headquarters review period. However, agencies which do this should be prepared to answer questions relating to their capacity to implement projects within the appeal’s timeframe.
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COUNTRY_NAME FLASH APPEAL 2013
Agency
Project title
Objective(s)
Beneficiaries
Partners 4
Project code
Budget ($)
Agency
Project title
Objective
Beneficiaries
Partners
Project code
Budget ($)
Agency
Project title
Objective
For guidance on completing the plan, please refer to the specific guidance above
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Sectoral objectives
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Strategy and proposed objectives
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Expected outcomes
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Projects
LOREM IPSUM
Lorem ipsum
Lorem ipsum
Lorem ipsum
Lorem ipsum
(TO BE INSERTED BY CHAP SECTION)
10,000
LOREM IPSUM
Lorem ipsum
Lorem ipsum
Lorem ipsum
Lorem ipsum
(TO BE INSERTED BY CHAP SECTION)
10,000
LOREM IPSUM
Lorem ipsum
Lorem ipsum
4
Note on partners: with regards to the Red Cross/Red Crescent National Society: i) the ICRC, the IFRC and Red Cross or Red
Crescent National Societies from outside the country of operation cannot be (listed as) (implementing) partners; ii) only the official name of the concerned Red Cross/Red Crescent National Society (i.e. Kenyan Red Cross Society) should be used, instead of general formulations such as "Red Cross" or "Red Cross Movement."
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COUNTRY_NAME FLASH APPEAL 2013
Agency
Project title
Objective(s)
Beneficiaries
Partners 5
Project code
Budget ($)
Agency
Project title
Objective
Beneficiaries
Partners
Project code
Budget ($)
Agency
Project title
Beneficiaries
Partners
Project code
Lorem ipsum
Lorem ipsum
(TO BE INSERTED BY CHAP SECTION)
Budget ($) 10,000
For guidance on completing the plan, please refer to the specific guidance above
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Sectoral objectives
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Strategy and proposed objectives
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Expected outcomes
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Projects
LOREM IPSUM
Lorem ipsum
Lorem ipsum
Lorem ipsum
Lorem ipsum
(TO BE INSERTED BY CHAP SECTION)
10,000
LOREM IPSUM
Lorem ipsum
Lorem ipsum
Lorem ipsum
Lorem ipsum
(TO BE INSERTED BY CHAP SECTION)
10,000
LOREM IPSUM
Lorem ipsum
5 Note on partners: with regards to the Red Cross/Red Crescent National Society: i) the ICRC, the IFRC and Red Cross or Red Crescent National Societies from outside the country of operation cannot be (listed as) (implementing) partners; ii) only the official name of the concerned Red Cross/Red Crescent National Society (i.e. Kenyan Red Cross Society) should be used, instead of general formulations such as "Red Cross" or "Red Cross Movement."
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Objective
Beneficiaries
Partners
Project code
Budget ($)
COUNTRY_NAME FLASH APPEAL 2013
Lorem ipsum
Lorem ipsum
Lorem ipsum
(TO BE INSERTED BY CHAP SECTION)
10,000
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COUNTRY_NAME FLASH APPEAL 2013
For guidance on completing the plan, please refer to the specific guidance above
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Sectoral objectives
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Strategy and proposed objectives
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Expected outcomes
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Projects
Agency
Project title
Objective(s)
Beneficiaries
Partners 6
Project code
Budget ($)
Agency
Project title
Objective
Beneficiaries
Partners
Project code
Budget ($)
Agency
Project title
Objective
Beneficiaries
Partners
Project code
Budget ($)
LOREM IPSUM
Lorem ipsum
Lorem ipsum
Lorem ipsum
Lorem ipsum
(TO BE INSERTED BY CHAP SECTION)
10,000
LOREM IPSUM
Lorem ipsum
Lorem ipsum
Lorem ipsum
Lorem ipsum
(TO BE INSERTED BY CHAP SECTION)
10,000
LOREM IPSUM
Lorem ipsum
Lorem ipsum
Lorem ipsum
Lorem ipsum
(TO BE INSERTED BY CHAP SECTION)
10,000
6 Note on partners: with regards to the Red Cross/Red Crescent National Society: i) the ICRC, the IFRC and Red Cross or Red Crescent National Societies from outside the country of operation cannot be (listed as) (implementing) partners; ii) only the official name of the concerned Red Cross/Red Crescent National Society (i.e. Kenyan Red Cross Society) should be used, instead of general formulations such as "Red Cross" or "Red Cross Movement."
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COUNTRY_NAME FLASH APPEAL 2013
IF MORE RESPONSE PLANS ARE NEEDED, THEY CAN BE ADDED BY COPY/PASTING THE
MODEL ABOVE
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COUNTRY_NAME FLASH APPEAL 2013
Guidance
IDEALLY 0.5 PAGE
A short paragraph (no more than ten lines) on how the response is being coordinated and who is responsible within the government and the UN should be included. The table (as below) should be completed, indicating cluster/sector leads and the major humanitarian stakeholders that are responding to the crisis in affected regions, by sector (e.g. government, UN, Red Cross/Red Crescent National Society of the country of operation, NGOs).
Please delete this box after use by clicking on the upper left corner until a 4-arrows icon appears and then press “BACKSPACE” on the keyboard
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Sector/cluster
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Governmental institutions
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Cluster/sector lead
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Other humanitarian stakeholders
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COUNTRY_NAME FLASH APPEAL 2013
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COUNTRY_NAME FLASH APPEAL 2013
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ACF
XYZ
XYZ
XYZ
COUNTRY_NAME FLASH APPEAL 2013
Action Contre la Faim (Action Against Hunger)
Xxxx Yyyy Zzzz
Xxxx Yyyy Zzzz
Xxxx Yyyy Zzzz
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