Sustainable Development
Education, Research and
Innovation
Vision for Knowledge Economy
Professor Maged Al-Sherbiny
Assistant Minister for Scientific Research
Towards Science, Technology and Innovation
3/24/2016
H.C.S.T
Political
Leadership
M.O.S.R
S.T.D.F
Research centers
n= 362
73% in University
Researchers and Scientists
n= 98,000
13% in Institutes
14% in Industry
Civil Community
n= 77 million
Towards Science, Technology and Innovation
3/24/2016
Methodology for the Evaluation of the Egyptian S&T Landscape
Module 1: Demand on S&T
Challenges and Potentials for the Egyptian
S&T System
Analysis
of Status
Quo
Module 2: Performance of S&T
Capabilities and Efficiency of the Egyptian
S&T System
Work Package 3: Analysis of National R&D Indicators
Work Package 1: Assessment of Industrial Needs
Work Package 4: Performance of University Research
Work Package 5: Performance of Non-University
Research Institutes
Work Package 2: Technology Foresight Process for selected
Technologies
Work Package 6: Assessment of Technology Transfer
and Regional Distribution of Technology Supply
Future
Activities
Module 3: Solution
Design Principles for S&T Strategic Policy
Work Package 7: Assessment of the Relevant Framework Conditions of S&T in Egypt (Educational system, ICT Infrastructure,
Financial System, Patent system, Tax System, Competition Policy, Socio-cultural Embedding of S&T)
Work Package 8: Design Principles of Institution Building, Reorganisation and Support
Work Package 9: Design Principles for the Incentive Structure
Work Package 10: Design Principles for Technology Transfer and Regional Development – Strengthening SME
Work Package 11: Design Principles for Strengthening International Cooperation in R&D
Work Package 12: Proposals for Activities Accompanying the Implementation of S&T Strategic Policy
Project Approach – Methodology
Three modules on a time scale
Module 1
Module 2
Demand on SRT
Performance on SRT
Module 3
Design Principles
for the Egyptian
SRT Strategic Policy
Time
Project Background: Basic and Applied Research
Science
Applied Research
Knowledge
Brokering
SRT-Policy
Knowledge
Brokering
Industry
Importance of S&T indicators
Importance of S&T indicators
•Helping to describe the science and technology system,
•Enabling better understanding of S&T structure,
•Enabling better understanding of the impact of policies and
programs on it.
•Enabling to evaluate the impact of science and technology
on society and the economy.
CHALLENGES
• S&T data are not readily available in Egypt except in
government and higher education sectors
• If they were available, they are not in systematic
manner or incomplete
• Data of (expenditures or R&D personnel) are difficult
to obtain especially from private sectors.
• There is no standard method to collect data of S&T
Efforts in S&T
•Egyptian government took several steps to collect data for
science and technology indicators.
•Building a capacity for S&T documentation in stakeholder
institutions.
•Planning to conduct surveys to collect science and technology
data in Egypt.
R&D Surveys
Innovation Survey
Performance Survey
Science and Technology indicators
S&T
Indicators
Inputs
R&D Expenditure
R&D personal
Outputs
The results of R&D
activities (patent,
scientific publication,
etc….)
Science and Technology indicators
R&D indicators
Higher education indicators
Innovation and technology indicators
Knowledge indicators
Competitiveness indicators
www.themegallery.com
www.themegallery.com
R&D Indicators
 R & D Personnel indicators includes researchers,
professionals and individuals concerned with the design
and application of new knowledge, products and
production processes and regulations, also includes
individuals who work in research and development and
performing scientific and technical tasks based on the
application of ideas and methods under the supervision of
researchers
 R & D expenditure Includes total expenditure spent on
R&D, as government expenditures on research and
development, private non-profit firms and private
corporate, and higher education expenditures. It also
includes foreign financial contributions.
www.themegallery.com
R&D Personnel
Number of the Research staff in Research Centers Affiliated to
The Ministry Of State for Scientific Research
www.themegallery.com
R&D Personnel
Agriculture
Health
Industry
Basic Science
Education
Engineering
Energy
Petroleum
Economy
Management
4.70%
2.20%
0.90%
2.20%
4.40%
4.90%
48.60%
7.00%
8.10%
17.00%
The distribution of researchers on the different fields in Egypt 2003
www.themegallery.com
R&D Personnel
Thousands
18
Professor
Teacher
Dem onstrator
Assistant professor
Assistant Teacher
16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
2003/2004
2005/2004
2005/2006
2006/2007
University staff in Governmental Universities
www.themegallery.com
R&D Personnel
Number of researchers in R&D 1990-2005 (per million people)
www.themegallery.com
R&D Expenditure
Expenditure on education
www.themegallery.com
R&D Expenditure
GERD
(Billion L.E. )
GDP
( Billion L.E.)
2.4
896.5
900
2.2
850
2.15
744.8
750
1.8
1.6
700
1.71
1.6
650
617.7
1.4
800
600
1.35
1.31
550
1.2
485.3
538.5
500
1
450
2003/2004
2004/2005
2005/2006
2006/2007
2007/2008
Gross Expenditure on Research and Development
GDP
GERD
2
www.themegallery.com
Higher Education Indicators
Includes numbers of Egyptian and nonEgyptian enrolled students and
graduates in universities and
government and private institutes.
www.themegallery.com
Higher Education Indicators
Number of universities
www.themegallery.com
Higher Education Indicators
2.75
2.5
Students enrolled (millions)
2.25
2
1.75
1.5
1.25
1
0.75
0.5
0.25
0
2002/2003
2003/2004
2004/2005
2005/2006
2006/2007
Students enrolled in higher education and university (including Azhar)
www.themegallery.com
Higher Education Indicators
Male
Thousand
Female
Total
300
250
200
150
100
50
0
2002/2003
2003/2004
2004/2005
2005/2006
University graduates (governmental and private)
www.themegallery.com
Higher Education Indicators
Thousand
350
human science
Engineering Science
325
medical science
Agricultural science
300
Basic science
275
250
225
200
175
150
125
100
75
50
25
0
2002
2003
2004
2005
Relative distribution of graduates (governmental - private)
according to the specialization
2006
www.themegallery.com
Innovation and Technology Indicators
The indicators include 4P's : Publications ,
Patents, Prototypes and Product.
They are considered as outputs of science and
technology indicators
www.themegallery.com
“4P’s” Concept
Indirect Experience Gained through International
Cooperation
Knowledge Based
Economy
Direct Impact of International Cooperation
Products
Prototypes
S&T Role in
Knowledge Based
Community
Patents
Publications
Scientific Research
Current Status of Scientific Research
S&T Research not Involving International Cooperation
www.themegallery.com
Innovation and Technology Indicators
Research published in the Egyptian Journals
www.themegallery.com
Innovation and Technology Indicators
Research published in International Journals
www.themegallery.com
Innovation and Technology Indicators
Number of patents granted by the Egyptians from different patent office
www.themegallery.com
Innovation and Technology Indicators
Hum anitarian
needs
50
45
35
Restructuring
operations and
transport
Chem istry and
Metallurgy
30
Textile and paper
40
25
Established
buildings
20
15
Mechanical
Engineering
10
5
Nature and nuclear
0
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
Electricity and
com m unications
Distribution of Egyptian patent according to specialization
www.themegallery.com
Knowledge indicators
Includes Fixed and Mobile Telephone ,
Number of Internet User and
National award
Knowledge Indicators
www.themegallery.com
Fixed and mobile telephone and number of internet user
www.themegallery.com
Knowledge Indicators
Millions
2002
2003
2004
2.5
2
1.5
1
0.5
0
Al
g
Ba
Eg
h
yp
er i
rai
t
a
n
Jo
rda
n
Ku
wa
it
Le
M
Om
oro
ba
an
no
cc
n
o
Qa
ta
Number of Personal computers (2002 - 2004)
r
Su
da
n
Tu
ni
sia
www.themegallery.com
Knowledge Indicators
Millions
2002
2003
2004
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
E
UA
ia
nis
Tu
ar
at
n
da
a
Su
bi
ra
iA
ud
Sa
Q
it
an
m
O
co
oc
or
M
n
no
ba
Le
wa
Ku
an
rd
Jo
t
yp
Eg
n
ai
hr
Ba
ria
ge
Al
Number of Cellular mobile telephone subscribers (2002- 2004)
www.themegallery.com
Knowledge Indicators
IT clubs in Egypt
Knowledge Indicators
IT companies in Egypt
www.themegallery.com
Knowledge Indicators
High-Technology Exports 2004
www.themegallery.com
Global Competitiveness rankings
www.themegallery.com
Global Competitiveness rankings
www.themegallery.com
The Basic requirements, GCR 2005–06 (out of 117 economies),
Global Competitiveness Index 2007 in Egypt and some Arab countries
Global Competitiveness rankings
www.themegallery.com
Institutions, Infrastructure, Macro economy,
Health and primary education in Egypt and some Arab countries
Global Competitiveness rankings
www.themegallery.com
Higher education and training, Market efficiency,
Technological readiness in Egypt and some Arab countries
Global Competitiveness rankings
www.themegallery.com
Innovation factors, Gender Gap Index 2006 (out of 115 economies)
in Egypt and some Arab countries
Global Competitiveness rankings
www.themegallery.com
Innovation, Business sophistication in Egypt and some Arab countries
C l i c k
t o
e d i t
c o m p a n y
s l o g a n