Theory
I. What is Theory?
A. Formal Story
1. Internally Consistent
2. Rational
Theory
I. What is Theory? (Cont.)
B. Two Types
1. Philosophical
a. general
b. not designed to be
testable
Theory
I. What is Theory? (Cont.)
B. Two Types (Cont.)
2. Scientific
a. specific
b. testable (or
disconfirmable)
Theory
II. Theory-Research
Relationship
A.
Theory
Research
Research
Theory
Theory
II. Theory-Research
Relationship (Cont.)
B. Tests: Turning Constructs
into Operations
C. Crucial Test: Pitting
Theories Against Each
Other
Theory
III. Personality Theory
A. Grand Theories
B. Specific Variable Theories
C. Back to the Future: NEOPI
Theory
IV. Three Grand Theories
A. Different Assumptions about
Human Nature
B. Different Beliefs about
Volition and Determinism
C. Developed During
Different Eras in Psychology
Theory
V. GT1: Freud’s
Psychodynamic Theory
A. Pessimistic Assumption
about Human Nature
B. Ignored Volition, Reflects
Determinism
C. Developed in the
Prepsychology Era
Theory
V. GT1 (Cont.)
D. Parts of Personality
1. Id
2. Superego
3. Ego
E. Levels of Awareness
Theory
V. GT1 (Cont.)
F. Psychosexual Stages
1. Oral
2. Anal
3. Phallic
4. Latent
5. Genital
Theory
VI. Grand Theory 2: Learning
Theory
A. Neutral Assumption about
Human Nature
B. Ignored Volition, Reflects
Determinism
C. Developed in the Freudian Era
Theory
VI. GT 2 (Cont.)
D. Classical Conditioning:
Pavlov’s Dog
E. Operant Conditioning:
Watson’s 12 Healthy Infants and
Skinner’s Rats
F. Social Learning: Bandura and
his BoBo Dolls
Theory
VII. Grand Theory 3:
Humanistic/Existential
Theory
A. Positive Assumption about
Human Nature
B. Supports Volition, Rejects
Determinism
C. Developed in the Learning Era
Theory
VII. GT 3 (Cont.)
D. Carl Rogers’s Theory
1. Self Theory
2. Development Theory
E. Abraham Maslow’s
Prepotent Hierarchy of Need
Theory
Actualization
Esteem
Love
Safety
Basic