A.P. World History
Outline Chapter 19
Southwest Asia and the Indian Ocean, 1500-1750
I.
Introduction
A. The English attempted to trade with Iran
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
B. Safavid-Ottoman relations
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
C. Russia and the contest for Central Asia
II.
The Ottoman Empire, to 1750
A. Expansion and Frontiers
1. The rise of the Ottomans
a)
b)
c)
2. The defeat of Constantinople and the establishment of the borders of the empire
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
g)
3. Suleiman the Magnificent
a)
b)
c)
d)
4. More conquests and trade
a)
b)
c)
d)
5. Competition with Venice
a)
b)
c)
d)
6. Ottoman reaction to Portuguese incursion
a)
b)
c)
B. Central Institutions
1. The Janissaries and the devshirme
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
2. The languages and peoples of the empire
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
3. The military and control of the land, and taxes
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
4. The relationship between the common people and those in power
a)
b)
c)
C. Crisis of the Military State, 1585—1650
1. The role of the cavalry lessened
a)
b)
c)
2. A flood of cheap New World silver
a)
b)
c)
3. Islam forbade the raising of taxes, instead used emergency sur-taxes to raise funds
a)
b)
c)
4. Revolts between 1590 and 1610
a)
b)
c)
5. The Janissaries gain relief from traditional prohibitions
a)
b)
c)
D. Economic Change and Growing Weakness, 1650-1750
1. The changing role of the sultan
a)
b)
c)
2. The changing role of the Janissaries and the introduction of tax farming
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
3. Izmir (Smyrna) and Ottoman lack of control of trade
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
g)
4. Decline of military power
a)
b)
c)
5. Ottomans never made great economic advances, in fact dominated by Europe
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
6. Downturn
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
7. While the center suffered, many peripheral areas prospered
a)
b)
c)
d)
III.
The Safavid Empire, 1502-1722
A. The Rise of the Safavids
1. Ismail and the Safavi brotherhood
a)
b)
c)
2. The adoption of Shi’ite Islam
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
B. Society and Religion
1. A wedge between Iran and its neighbors
a)
b)
c)
2. Differences in language: Arabic versus Persian
a)
b)
c)
3. Artistic developments in Iran, and Turks using Persian
a)
b)
c)
d)
4. Islam provided a link between the cultures
a)
b)
c)
5. The impact of Shi’ism and the Hidden Imam
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
6. Commemoration of the martyrdom of Imam Husayn
a)
b)
c)
d)
C. A Tale of Two Cities: Isfahan and Istanbul
1. Differences between the two capitals
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
2. Similarities between the two capitals
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
3. Women and family life in the two empires
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
4. The dress of men and women
a)
b)
c)
d)
5. Public life was the domain of men
a)
b)
c)
6. Istanbul and Isfahan had different flavors
a)
b)
c)
D. Economic Crisis and Political Collapse
1. Textile production, especially carpets
a)
b)
c)
2. Overall, most people lived by farming and herding
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
3. Military
a)
b)
c)
d)
4. Cheap silver (late 16th century) caused inflation and overland trade declined
a)
b)
c)
5. Fall in 1722 and navy
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
IV.
The Mughal Empire, 1526-1761
A. Political Foundations
1. Babur and Turkish (Timurid) roots
a)
b)
c)
d)
2. Akbar created a prosperous empire
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
3. Foreign trade and the view of Europeans
a)
b)
c)
B. Hindus and Muslims
1. Akbar moved toward religious tolerance
a)
b)
c)
2. Akbar strove for social harmony
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
3. Akbar created a new religion
a)
b)
c)
4. Art was influenced by Hindu traditions
a)
b)
c)
5. Patterns of Islamic conversion in India
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
g)
h)
6. Sikhism
a)
b)
c)
d)
C. Central Decay and Regional Challenges, 1707-1761
1. Rulers after Aurangzeb (1707) let the empire fall
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
2. India decentralized into small prosperous states
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
3. European involvement in India
a)
b)
V.
c)
Trade Empires in the Indian Ocean, 1600-1729
A. Why did the land empires decline while sea empires grew?
1. Decline
a)
b)
c)
d)
2. Growth
a)
b)
c)
d)
B. Muslims in the East Indies
1. There are competing theories for the spread of Islam in Southeast Asia
a)
b)
c)
2. Islam in the Philippines (Sulu Empire) and the Acheh Sultanate
a)
b)
c)
d)
3. A gradual adoption of Muslim practices
a)
b)
c)
d)
C. Muslims in East Africa
1. East African ports Muslim, but not linked politically or by trade
a)
b)
c)
d)
2. The Portuguese role
a)
b)
c)
3. The Omani’s maritime empire
a)
b)
c)
D. The Coming of the Dutch
1. The Dutch drove out the Portuguese
a)
b)
c)
2. The Dutch had firm control of trade
a)
b)
c)
3. The Dutch became a colonial power
a)
b)
c)
VI.
Conclusion
A. There was a major shift in the world economic and political alignment
1.
2.
3.
B. More trade was done by European ships
1.
2.
3.
C. The large land-based empires did not realize that they were in decline
1.
2.
3.