Cladograms
Go to http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cladograms
1.
What is cladistics?
Go to http://www.amnh.org/ology/features/treeoflife/?TB_iframe=true&height=500&width=750
2.
What does Joel do for his job?
3.
There are over a million known species on our planet. List 3
4.
Do all of these species share a common ancestor?
5.
What are cladograms ?
6.
Why do scientists create cladograms?
Click on “Explore the tree of life cladogram”. Click on “How to read a cladogram”.
Look at the 7 fruits on the right.
7.
Of the 7 which is your favorite?
8.
Did you know tomatoes and walnuts are fruits?
Look at the cladogram and the 6 blue text boxes to answer the following questions.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
How many of the 7 fruits have seeds present?
How many of the fruits are soft inside?
How many of the fruits have small seeds?
How many of the fruits have a large central stone?
How many of the fruits have thick skin?
How many of the fruits are segmented?
Hopefully now you know how scientists make cladograms. It is based on characteristics that different species have.
Now go to http://www.amnh.org/ology/features/treeoflife/pages/howtoreadtree.php to read a cladogram that shows
the tree of life.
15. There are 14 groups of organisms. What do they all have in common?
16. 13 groups have what in common?
17. 9 have one in common?
18. and 6 have what in common?
Go to http://www.amnh.org/exhibitions/permanent/fossilhalls/vertebrate/ to see a very complex cladogram.
Go to http://research.amnh.org/~esg/ to see a cladogram of turtles. Click on “open”. Check out the turtle
cladogram. You can scroll your mouse over the turtles to see their characteristics listed.
Fill in the answers below. Match the characteristic to its location on the cladogram.
1. ______ Wings
2. ______ 6 Legs
3. ______ Segmented Body
4. ______ Double set of wings
5. ______ Jumping Legs
6. ______ Crushing mouthparts
7. ______ Legs
8. ______ Curly Antennae
PART II - Create Your Own Cladogram
To make a cladogram, you must first look at the animals you are studying and establish
characteristics that they share and ones that are unique to each group. For the animals
on the table, indicate whether the characteristic is present or not. Based on that chart,
create a cladogram like the one pictured above.
Cells
Backbone
Legs
Hair
Opposable Thumbs
Slug
Catfish
Frog
Tiger
Human
DRAWING OF YOUR CLADOGRAM
Now that you know a little bit about cladograms get your Biology book and turn to page 308.
Read through page 308. Make sure you understand how cladograms are constructed and especially what an outgroup is and what characteristics make up an out-group. Now turn to page 309 and do DATA LAB: Making a
Cladogram below. If you have any questions please ask. Turn in to your teacher.
YOU ARE DONE!!!!!!!!!!!!!!