Chapter 28 Study Guide
Answers
Question 1
• Maria (Mare)- a large, dark area of lunar basalt.
• Crater- a bowl-shaped depression that forms on
an object when another object strikes it.
• Moon- a smaller natural body that orbits the sun
• Satellite- a smaller natural or artificial body that
revolves around a planet ex. our moon
• Regolith- layer of crushed rock and dust on the
moon’s surface.
Question 1 Cont.
• Apogee- the point when a satellite is at its
farthest point from Earth in its orbit around
Earth.
• Perigee-the point when a satellite is at its
closest point from Earth in its orbit around
Earth.
• Barycenter- the balance point of the EarthMoon system.
Question 1 Cont.
• Comet- a small body of rock, ice, and dust that
follows an elliptical orbit around the solar
system.
• Asteroid- a small, rocky object that orbits the sun
with a planet-like composition.
• Umbra- the inner cone shaped part of the
shadow where the sunlight in completely
blocked.
• Penumbra- outer part of the shadow where the
sunlight is partially blocked.
Question1 Cont.
• Oort Cloud- Area were scientists think
that most comets originated from.
Located beyond the orbit of the former
planet Pluto.
• Kuiper Belt- area where small objects
orbit the sun. Beyond the orbit of
Neptune. Pluto is in the Kuiper Belt the
majority of its orbit.
Question 2
• 1.B 2.E 3.F 4.G 5.A 6.C 7.H
8.D
Question 3
• Crust, Mantle, and Core
Question 4
• 1. Impact- Mars sized object strikes
Earth
• 2. Debris- Debris from impact
orbited Earth
• 3. Debris eventually comes
together to from moon
Question 5
• The moon has no atmosphere.
Thus, the moon has no weathering
or erosion.
Question 6
• Maria, rilles, ridges, and regolith
Question 7
• Depths?- Near 60 km Far 100 Km
• Why different depths?- gravitational pull of
Earth.
• We always see the near side
• We always see the near side because of
the similar Earth/Moon orbit.
• Near side is smooth and far side is rough,
cratered, and rocky (because of impacts)
Question 8
• The tides on Earth are controlled by
the gravitational pull of the moon.
There are 2 high and 2 low tides each
day.
Question 9
• Apollo
Question 10
• Sidereal- 27.3 Days
• Synodic- 29.5 Days
Question 11
• Meteoroid- rock that floats around
in space.
• Meteor- rock that burns in Earth
atmosphere.
• Meteorite- rock that strikes Earth,
moon, or another planet.
Question 12
•
•
•
•
Stony, iron, and stony-iron.
Most common- stony
Least common- stony-iron
Easiest to ID- Iron (its metallic)
Question 13
• Comet a.k.a- Dirty Snowball
• Meteor a.k.a- Shooting Star
Question 14
• Nucleus, Coma, and Tail
• Solar wind and radiation pressure
Question 15
• Oort Cloud- Area were scientists think
that most comets originated from.
Located beyond the orbit of the former
planet Pluto.
• Kuiper Belt- area where small objects
orbit the sun. Beyond the orbit of
Neptune. Pluto is in the Kuiper Belt the
majority of its orbit.
Question 16
• Every 76 Years!
Question 17
• ELE- Extinction Level Event
• NEO- Near Earth Object
Question 18
• K-T Boundary
• Walter Alverez
• All over the world (initially found in
Italy)
• Chixalub (Devil’s Tail) off the coast
of the Yucatan Peninsula (Mexico)
Question 19
• Iridium (element not found
naturally in space and not on
Earth)
• Shocked Quartz
• Impact Droplets
Question 20
• Between Mars and Jupiter
• A planet had started to form, but
the gravitational pull of Jupiter was
to strong.
Question 21
• Tsunami
• Fire
• Impact Winter (poisonous gases
and blocking out sunlight)
• Land Shock
• Molten Rock
Question 22
• Total solar eclipse- sunlight is
completely blocked
• Annular solar eclipse-thin ring of
sunlight is visible around moon
Additional Information
• Order of celestial bodies for lunar and
solar eclipses.
Solar- Earth, Moon, and Sun
Lunar- Moon, Earth, and Sun
• Read diagram from lab