Rwanda
THE FIRST OFFICIAL GENOCIDE SINCE WORLD WAR II
RWANDA WAS
UNDERGOING A
GENOCIDAL
CIVIL WAR.
RWANDA
DR of
CONGO
IT PITTED TWO
TRIBES AGAINST
EACH OTHER:
HUTU AND TUTSI
MOBUTU
SUPPORTED THE
HUTUS.
HISTORY
Rawandan
DURING THE AGE OF IMPERIALISM,
RWANDA WAS A GERMAN HOLDING.
BELGIAN FORCES INVADED THE
COUNTRY DURING WW1, DEFEATING
THE GERMANS. WHEN GERMANY
LOST WW1, THE LAND WENT TO
BELGIUM AND THE U.N.
MANY BELIEVE THAT
THE HUTU AND
TUTSI PEOPLE WERE
ORIGINALLY ONE
PEOPLE BUT WERE
DIVIDED BY
THE GERMAN AND
BELGIAN COLONISTS.
THE BELGIANS CERTAINLY
PLAYED ON ARTIFICIAL
DIFFERENCES BETWEEN
THE TWO, AND ULTIMATELY
PLACED THE TUTSIS
IN POWER.
ACCORDING TO
THE BELGIANS...
TUTSI are taller and more elegant.
They are believed to be finer featured and
more intelligent. includes anyone
with 10 or more cattle.
HUTU were seen as rougher featured.
Most were farmers and subjugated to Tutsi rule.
14% TUTSI
85% HUTU
TUTSI WERE GIVEN POWER
KING MUTARA III
(a Tutsi) ruled
Rwanda from
1939-1959.
He is greeted by
KING BAUDOIN
of BELGIUM
Under TUTSI
rule, and at the
request of BELGIUM,
all citizens were
forced to carry
identification
starting in 1935.
THESE WOULD
BE USED UP
UNTIL THE
GENOCIDE IN
1994.
BELGIAN RULE ENDED IN 1962.
MISSIONARIES PERSUADED THEM
(3 years prior to departure) TO SHIFT
THEIR SUPPORT TO THE DOWNTRODDEN HUTUS.
IN 1959, HUTUS GAINED POWER
THROUGH ELECTIONS AND BEGAN
PERSECUTING TUTSIS WHILE
BELGIUM LOOKED ON.
PRESIDENT
GREGORY
KAYABANDA
(KAY-A-BAND-A)
Tutsi
fleda to
otherelected
nations.in
He was
HUTU
They
did
notstayed
have access
to
Those
who
were
1962
with
the
agenda
of
college orifpositions
in the
tolerated
they confined
sweeping
all
TUTSI
from
their activities
to business
military
or government.
power.
He coined the term
or agriculture.
HE WAS REPLACED IN
1972 BY THIS MAN...
MAJOR GENERAL
JUVENAL
HABYARIMANA
(HAB-YEAH-A-MANA)
He shared power with
Hutus in the north and
created an era of
ethnic harmony with
the Tutsi. He did not
allow exiled Tutsi to
return to the country.
In 1990 TUTSI rebels
who had escaped
to UGANDA
formed a INSURGENT
group called the RPF.
RWANDAN PATRIOTIC
FRONT
D.R.
CONGO
They invaded Rwanda
and were stopped by
French troops
near Kigali.
UGANDA
RWANDA
IN 1993, PRESIDENT
IN 1993 RADIO STATION RTLM CALLS FOR
THE KILLING OF ALL TUTSIHABYARIMANA
IN THE COUNTRY.
(HAB-YA-A-MANA)
THEY OPENLY BROADCAST HATE-FILLED
HOLDS THE ARUSHA
PROPAGANDA.
ACCORDS.
HE AGREES TO ALLOW
HATE RADIO
OPPOSITION PARTIES
TO RUN FOR
GOVERNMENT POSTS.
He becomes hated by HUTUS who
believe he is giving up their power and
TUTSI’S who are angry when he stalls
implementation.
ON APRIL 6TH 1994, PRESIDENT
HABYARIMANA (HAB-YEAH-A-MANA) WAS KILLED
WHEN HIS FALCON 50 JET WAS
SHOT DOWN NEAR KIGALI.
THE PRESIDENT OF BURUNDI IS ALSO KILLED. THE PLANE CRASHED ONTO THE GROUNDS OF
THE PRESIDENTIAL RESIDENCE. BOTH HUTU AND TOOTSI TOOK CREDIT.
WITHIN ONE HOUR TUTSI HUMAN RIGHTS WORKERS
OPPOSITION POLITICIANS, AND INTELLECTUALS WERE
ROUNDED UP. MANY WERE KILLED. BLOCKADES
WERE INSTALLED THROUGHOUT THE NATION.
THE GENOCIDE WOULD NOW BEGIN
IN 1994 THE HUTUS IN RWANDA BEGAN
INDISCRIMINATE KILLING OF TUTSIS IN AN ATTEMPT
TO WIPE THEM OFF THE FACE OF THE EARTH.
RTLM
RADIO
Prior to
OPENLY
the
genocide,
CALLED
ON
the
HUTU
HUTUS
hadMURDER
imported
TO
over
THEIR
1 MILLION
NEIGHBORS
machetes
IN
THEIR
from China.
HOMES
AND
ON THE
STREETS.
WHILE THE
RWANDA
WAS TAKING
PLACE, A
CIVIL WAR
WAS BEING
FOUGHT.
In the north the RPF
Tutsi Rebels were
waging war against
the Hutu army and
the Hutu Militias.
WHILE THE
kigali
RWANDA
WAS TAKING
PLACE, A
In the rest of the
CIVIL
country,WAR
Hutu
Militias
were
WAS
BEING
murdering Tutsis.
FOUGHT.
the
SIDES in the conflict
THE HUTU ARMY
Armed primarily by France. Some may have taken part in the genocide.
Others guarded against it and protected the Tutsi.
THE HUTU MILITIAS
Inspired and carried out the genocide. Made up of several political
parties that had military wings. There were 30,000 strong when the
genocide began.
THE INTERAHAMWE
(INTER-HOM-WAY)
One of the most powerful of the militias – It was most responsible for
carrying out the genocide. It is the military wing of a political party
called MRND (Natl. Republican Movement for Democracy and
Development).
TUTSI REBELS (INSURGENTS)
Tutsis who took up arms against the ruling Hutus. The rebels helped
stop the genocide and protected fellow Tutsi from attack. The RPF
(Rwandan Patriotic Front) was the strongest of these groups.
THOUSANDS
OF TUTSIS FLED
INTO THE
NEIGHBORING
DEMOCRATIC
REPUBLIC OF
THE CONGO.
MOBUTU
HATED
THE TUTSIS.
UNITED
NATIONS
ANNAN,
Head
of
THEKOFI
PROGRAM
WAS
CALLED
Peacekeeping,
UNAMIR
(United NationsU.N.
Assistance
Mission Rwanda).
The U.N. doesn't have any troops.
We borrow
them from
THEY WERE
HINDERED
BY THE U.N.
governments.
And IWHO
recallFORBADE
on the
SECURITY
COUNCIL
THEM
TO we
ENGAGE.
Rwanda
thing,
approached
about 80 governments, trying to
MEMBERS
THE U.N.
NOT
get offersOF
of troops.
AndDID
they
WANT
TO BECOME
ENTANGLED
wouldn't
give them
to us.
IN THE NATION.
“I think that the people that were
THE UNITED
STATES
bringing
these decisions
to me felt
thatWAS
the Congress
was still reeling
RELUCTANT
from what had happened in
TO
INVOLVE ITSELF IN
Somalia, and by the time they
A “LOCAL
CONFLICT”
finally-you know,
I sort of started
focusing
onAVOIDED
this and seeing the
AND
news reports coming out of it, it
USING THE TERM
was too late to do anything about it.
And I “GENOCIDE”
feel terrible about itTO
because I
think we could have
sentWAS
5,000,
DESCRIBE
WHAT
10,000 troops there and saved a
GOING ON THERE.
couple hundred thousand lives. I
think we could have saved about
President
Billregret
halfIn
of 2004,
them. But
I'll always
that Rwandan
will always
Clinton thing.
madeI the
feel terrible
about it.”
following
remarks
to
the PBS program
FRONTLINE
THE MURAMBI TECHNICAL SCHOOL
On April 16th 1994, nearly 65,000 Tutsis came here for protection.
They were told it would be safe, but it was a set-up.
Upon their arrival, the electricity was shut off and water was cut.
Hutu militia surrounded the school. They drank beer and ate.
FRENCH TROOPS
DEFENDING THE
SCHOOL WITHDREW.
THE INTERAHAMWE
KILLED OVER 45,000
PEOPLE INSIDE.
MANY WERE
BURIED IN MASS
GRAVES
TODAY THE SCHOOL IS A GENOCIDE MUSEUM
IN 100 DAYS
OVER
1 MILLION
PEOPLE WERE
MURDERED.
10,000 PER DAY
400 PER HOUR
7 PER MINUTE
BY100
THE
END
IN
DAYS
OF
1994
OVER
11
MILLION
IN 3
PEOPLE WERE
TUTSI HAD
MURDERED.
BEEN
10,000
ELIMINATED
PER DAY
400FROM
PER HOUR
THE
7 PER
FACE
MINUTE
OF
THE EARTH.
Rwanda
THE FIRST OFFICIAL GENOCIDE SINCE WORLD WAR II
HOTEL RWANDA
was released in 1995
and chronicles the
true story of
PAUL RUSESABAGINA
(RU-SES-A-BA-GINA)
WHO SHELTERED
OVER 800 TUTSI IN
THE HOTEL
MILLE COLLINES
(ME-CO-LEAN)
IN THE CITY OF
KIGALI.
SIDES in the conflict
THE
HUTU
ARMY
Armed primarily by France. Some may have taken part in the genocide.
Others guarded against it and protected the Tutsi.
THE
HUTU
MALITIAS
Inspired and carried out the genocide. Made up of several political parties
the
that had military wings. There were 30,000 strong when the genocide began.
(INTER-HOM-WAY)
THE
INTERAHAMWE
One of the most powerful of the militias – It was most responsible for
carrying out the genocide. It is the military wing of a political party called
MRND (Natl. Republican Movement for Democracy and Development).
TUTSI REBELS (INSURGENTS)
Tutsis who took up arms against the ruling Hutus. The rebels helped
stop the genocide and protected fellow Tutsi from attack. The RPF
(Rwandan Patriotic Front) was the strongest of these groups.
AS YOU WATCH
THE FILM
BE SURE TO
FILL OUT YOUR
WORKSHEET.
DON CHEADLE as
PAUL RUSESABAGINA
He served as an assistant manager to the
Mille Collines and as manager of the hotel
Diplomat. He received the Presidential
Medal of Freedom from GW Bush in
November 2005
NICK NOLTE as
COLONEL OLIVER
He is a composite character (the only
fictional one in the film) and is based in
part on ROMEO DALLAIRE, the Canadian
commanding officer of the UN Peace
keeping mission. He later suffered PTSD.
DON CHEADLE AND PAUL RUSESABAGINA ON THE SET
After The Film...
RWANDA
THE GENOCIDE
ENDED AFTER
WHILE THE
100 DAYS
WHEN THE
TUTSI RPF
WAS TAKING
(Rwandan
PLACE,
A
Patriotic Front)
CIVIL
WAR
OVERTHREW
WAS
BEING
THE HUTU
FOUGHT.
GOVERNMENT.
IN 2005 FORMER
PRESIDENT
BILL CLINTON
VISITED
RWANDA.
HE MET WITH
SURVIVORS AND
SPOKE OPENLY
ABOUT LIVING
WITH HIS
“MISTAKE.”
CLINTON ALSO SIGNED A MEMO OF
COOPERATION BETWEEN THE RWANDAN
GOVERNMENT AND HIS FOUNDATION.
In 2004 President
Clinton discussed
the role of the
United States in
ethnic and religious
peacekeeping
missions around
the world.
Here is what
he said...
The end of the superpower standoff lifted
the lid from a cauldron of long-simmering
hatreds. Now the entire global terrain is
bloody with such conflicts, from Rwanda
to Georgia. Whether we get involved in
any of the world's ethnic conflicts in the
end must depend on the cumulative
weight of the American interests at stake.
PRESIDENT BILL CLINTON, 2004
ON THE PBS PROGRAM FRONTLINE – THE GHOSTS OF RWANDA
SUDAN
Arab Muslims are battling
Christian Africans. Arabs
want a pure Arab state.
SOMALIA
Still in a state of war. Armed
Militia groups fight for
control of the country..
ETHIOPIA
Muslim groups from Somalia
have attempted to invade.
Ethiopians fight them off.
KENYA
Thousands died after last
election. Results were
contested in the streets.
The end of the superpower standoff lifted
the lid from a cauldron of long-simmering
hatreds. Now the entire global terrain is
bloody with such conflicts, from Rwanda
to Georgia. Whether we get involved in
any of the world's ethnic conflicts in the
end must depend on the cumulative
weight of the American interests at stake.
PRESIDENT BILL CLINTON, 2004
ON THE PBS PROGRAM FRONTLINE – THE GHOSTS OF RWANDA
Do you agree
with Clinton’s
rationale?
Please explain
your answer why or why not?