Celsius - Mr. Samuels Science Site

Albedo and winter ice. Learn more at… http://nsidc.org/cryosphere/seaice/processes/ albedo.html

• Wear sunscreen on the slopes

Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

• Wear sunscreen on the slopes


• Wear sunscreen and eye protection on the water as light is reflected here as well.




Albedo: The reflectiveness of a surface.




Dark colored materials heat up quicker than light colored materials. So air above dark colored surfaces heats up quicker.


• Actually, rather than thinking of black as absorbers of heat,


• Actually, rather than thinking of black as absorbers of heat, darker colors are better absorbers of light


• Actually, rather than thinking of black as absorbers of heat, darker colors are better absorbers of light and thereby become better radiators of heat.



Light



Light

Heat



Light

Heat

Albedo. Learn more at.. http://www.atmosphere.mpg.de/enid/25w.html




Temperature: A measure of the average kinetic energy (motion) of individual molecules in matter.

High Temperature

Fast molecular motion

Low Temperature

Slow molecular motion




Low Temperature





Low Temperature





Low Temperature



• The kinetic theory of matter:

• Atoms and molecules (particles) are in constant motion.

– The higher the temperature - the higher the speed.

– Increased heat energy make atoms and molecules move faster.


• Which of the pictures below represents hot and cold on a molecular level?

A B


• Answer: Molecules move faster when hot, and slower when cold.

Hot Cold

A B


• This is really cold.

– Absolute zero has no molecular motion.

– Never been reached.


• Activity! (Optional) Solar Fun Bag.

– Learn more / purchase at…

– http://www.arborsci.com/solar-bag

– You Tube https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tTLjWTHi1qU


• Activity! (Optional) Solar Fun Bag.

– Learn more / purchase at…

– http://www.arborsci.com/solar-bag

– You Tube https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tTLjWTHi1qU




Thermometer: A measure of the heat from expanding and contracting liquids or coils.




Thermometer: A measure of the heat from expanding and contracting liquids or coils.


• Which two of the thermometers below represent units that follow the SI system?

• Which two of the thermometers below represent units that follow the SI system?

• Temperature:

– -

– -




Measured in degrees Celsius.




Measured in degrees Celsius.

Temp. Learn more at… http://eo.ucar.e

du/skymath/tmp

2.html




0 Degrees Celsius is the freezing point of water.




0 Degrees Celsius is the freezing point of water.



100 degrees Celsius is the boiling point.


• When it’s hot, the liquid inside the thermometer will expand and rise in the tube.



– The opposite happens when it is cold.


– The opposite happens when it is cold.

• Activity! Please convert 95 degrees

Fahrenheit into degrees Celsius.

– Formula is on the next slide.


• Activity! Please convert 95 degrees

Fahrenheit into degrees Celsius.

– Formula is on the next slide.

“The Fahrenheit

Scale makes me angry!”


• To convert 95 degrees Fahrenheit temperatures into Celsius:

– Begin by subtracting 32 from the Fahrenheit number.

– Divide the answer by 9.

– Then multiply that answer by 5.


95 - 32 = 63.


95 - 32 = 63.

Then, 63 divided by 9 = 7


95 - 32 = 63.

Then, 63 divided by 9 = 7

Finally, 7 times 5 is 35 degrees Celsius.


“Try it again you hot head”

“Convert 55 degrees

Fahrenheit into degrees

Celsius.”

Begin by subtracting 32 from the

Fahrenheit number (55).




Celsius.”



Divide the answer by 9.




Celsius.”




Then multiply that answer by

5.




Celsius.”

“The answer is

12.7 degrees

Celsius.”

“The answer is

12.7 degrees

Celsius.”

“55-32=23,

“The answer is

12.7 degrees

Celsius.”

“55-32=23,

23/9 =2.5,

“The answer is

12.7 degrees

Celsius.”

“55-32=23,

23/9 =2.5,

2.5 x 5=12.7 degrees C.”


• Because many people have never learned the metric system.


• Because many people have never learned the metric system. Please convert 20

Degrees Celsius into Fahrenheit:




– Begin by multiplying the Celsius temperature by 9.











– Now add 32.


• Answer: 68 Degrees Fahrenheit.

– Begin by multiplying the Celsius temperature

(20) by 9.


– Now add 32.

20 X 9 = 180

180 / 5 = 36

36 +32 = 68




(20) by 9.


– Now add 32.

20 X 9 = 180

180 / 5 = 36

36 +32 = 68




(20) by 9.


– Now add 32.

20 X 9 = 180

180 / 5 = 36

36 +32 = 68




(20) by 9.


– Now add 32.

20 X 9 = 180

180 / 5 = 36

36 +32 = 68 F


“Please convert 30 degrees

Celsius into degrees

Fahrenheit.”

Begin by multiplying the Celsius temperature by 9.


Now add 32.



Fahrenheit.”

Begin by multiplying the Celsius temperature by 9.


Now add 32.



Fahrenheit.”

“The answer is 86 Degrees

Fahrenheit.”

30 x 9 / 5 +

32 = 86

• What is the temperature in Celsius ?

• What is the temperature in Celsius?

• 75 – 32 / 9 5 =


• 75 – 32 / 9 5 = 23.8 degrees Celsius


• 75 – 32 / 9 5 = 23.8 degrees Celsius


• 75 – 32 / 9 5 = 23.8 degrees Celsius

“To get

Fahrenheit from

Celsius” “You can also take the temperature in

Celsius and multiply by 1.8 and then add 32 degrees.

Please convert 35 degrees Celsius into

Fahrenheit.



Fahrenheit.

35 1.8 + 32 =



Fahrenheit .

35 1.8 + 32 = 95 F.




Kelvin Scale: Zero Kelvin is absolute zero where molecular motion stops. That is the coldest something can be. (Never been reached.)



Water freezes at 273.16K; water boils at

373.16K. K = C + 273.16°




Kelvin Scale: Zero Kelvin is absolute zero where molecular motion stops. That is the coldest something can be. (Never been reached.)



Water freezes at 273.16K; water boils at

373.16K. K = C + 273.16°


• Molecular motion stops at zero degrees K.


• Activity! Red Light, Green Light. Except it’s Zero K, Warm Again.


• Activity (Optional) Red Light Green Light


Zero K Warm Again


Warm Again Again


Zero K Warm Again


Warm Again Again


Zero K Warm Again

• Students line up in a safe place.

• Teacher creates finish line

• When teachers spins and says Zero K you must freeze / stop.

• When teacher says Warm Again and spins you may try and advance to the finish.

• Video Link! (Optional) Hank explains absolute zero.

– http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TNUDBdv3jWI

• Winds Available Sheet

– Due at the end of Part II

• Activity! Please record the temperature in

Celsius of the fluid in the three containers.

– Draw picture and record temp next to drawing.

In degrees Celsius.

– Use two different thermometers.


• Activity! Please create the following in your journal and then set it up at your lab area.

– Record the temp of the warm and then the cold.

Temp____ C Temp____ C Temp____ C

• Activity! Please create the following in your journal and then set it up at your lab area.

– Record the temp of the warm and then the cold.

– Make a prediction, mix, and then find Med. temp.

Temp____ C Temp____ C Temp____ C

• Winds Available Sheet

– Due at the end of Part II

Theories on moon formation, Learn more: http://www.universetoday.com/47996/howwas-the-moon-formed/

• Video Link! Formation of the moon.

– http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ibV4MdN5wo0

• Video Link! Formation of the Moon

– Longer Version

– http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=m8P5ujNwEwM

• It’s warmer in summer time because…

– A.) The sun increases its energy during the summer .

– B.) The earth is closer to the sun in the summer and further away in the winter.

– C.) The greenhouse effect is intensified as plants grow more in the summer.

– D.) The axial tilt of the planet at 23.5º causes the seasons as more direct light hits our area of the planet during this time.

– E.) Ocean currents from the polar regions do not flow south during the summer.

• It’s warmer in summer time because…

– A.) The sun increases its energy during the summer .

– B.) The earth is closer to the sun in the summer and further away in the winter.

– C.) The greenhouse effect is intensified as plants grow more in the summer.

– D.) The axial tilt of the planet at 23.5º causes the seasons as more direct light hits our area of the planet during this time.

– E.) Ocean currents from the polar regions do not flow south during the summer.

• Earth Available Sheet, Formation,

Seasons, EM Field, Phases of the Moon.

• Many college students think the earth is closer to the sun in the summer.


• Many college students think the earth is closer to the sun in the summer.

WRONG! The earth is further away.


• The earths orbit is elliptical.



152,400,000 km 147,600,000 km



152,400,000 km 147,600,000 km



152,400,000 km 147,600,000 km



152,400,000 km 147,600,000 km


The Sun

Closer in the Winter

The Sun Is further away in summer

The Sun

Closer in the Winter

More Direct

More Direct Less Direct

Winter


Glancing

Summer

Winter


Glancing

• The axial tilt causes the sun to be lower in the sky.

• The axial tilt causes the sun to be lower in the sky.

– The length of the day is also shorter during winter in the Northern hemisphere.

• Why are Alaska and Canada cold places?


• On what latitudes are the warmest temperatures on Earth?


• On what latitudes are the warmest temperatures on Earth? O º degrees


• At what latitudes is the temperature coolest on the earth?



From 90º N and S to 45º N and S



From 90º N and S to 45º N and S


• Optional PowerPoint in folder. Ice Ages.

• Video Link! (Optional) Hank explains the history of climate.

– Preview for language.

– http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dC_2WXyORGA

• Activity Link! Watch video and conduct activity if desired. (Optional)

– http://www.guardian.co.uk/science/video/2012/no v/02/science-demonstration-changing-seasonsvideo1

• Solstice: Either the shortest day of the year

(winter solstice) or the longest day of the year

(summer solstice)



(summer solstice)

What date has the shortest day?



(summer solstice)




(summer solstice)


• The winter solstice

• The winter solstice

• The winter solstice is the moment when the earth is at a point in its orbit where one hemisphere is most inclined away from the sun.

• The winter solstice is the moment when the earth is at a point in its orbit where one hemisphere is most inclined away from the sun.

– Shortest day and longest night of the year

(Around December 21 st )

• Diagram showing Stonehenge at the beginning of the summer solstice.

24 sec video at.. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vYyydFSrq2Q

• Diagram showing Stonehenge at the beginning of the summer solstice.

–



(summer solstice)

What date do you feel has the longest day of the year?



(summer solstice)


Summer solstice is when axial tilt is most inclined towards the sun

(June 21 st ish)



(summer solstice)



(June 21 st ish)



(summer solstice)



(June 21 st ish)

• This is a 2,300 year old solar observatory in

Peru.


Peru.


Peru.

• Video Link! Winter Solstice at Newgrange in

Ireland (Optional)

– http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ngADMns8W78

• Is this a winter solstice or summer solstice in the Northern Hemisphere?




• Which is winter solstice in the northern hemisphere and which is summer solstice?



• Which is winter solstice in the northern hemisphere and which is summer solstice ?



• Different parts of the world have seasons at different months of the year.


• This is a ski resort in New Zealand during our summer?


• Equinox: Either of the two times each year

(about March 21 and September 23) when the sun crosses the equator.

• Equinox: Either of the two times each year

(about March 21 and September 23) when the sun crosses the equator.

– Day and night are everywhere on earth equal in length.

• Equinox: When the sun crosses the celestial equator, when day and night are of equal length

• Which is, equinox, winter solstice in the northern hemisphere, and which is summer solstice?








• Which is, equinox, winter solstice in the northern hemisphere, and which is summer solstice ?

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