Impressionism__________________
Impressionism_(1867-1886)_______
•The Impressionist style of painting
developed in the late 19th century in
France.
•Earlier artistic movements, such as
Realism, were influences.
The Académie__________________________
•The Académie Suisse included such
students as Pissarro, Monet, and Cézanne.
•Each year the Académie sponsored an
exhibition where its members judged entries.
•It was the restrictive nature of the judges,
preferring established "accepted art," that
prompted Monet and some other painters to
exhibit their works separately.
Impression: Sunrise_____________
This historic exhibition included Monet's famous Impression:
Sunrise (1872), which is generally thought to have prompted the
naming of the whole genre.
Le Salon des Réfusés____________
• They were highly impressed by the works of Edouard
Manet.
•They became outraged when they learned that he was
refused for the 1863 Salon.
•The indignation was so high among the artistic
population that Napoleon III allowed the opening of a
“Salon des Refusés'', where Manet, Pissarro, etc.
showed their works.
•Le Déjeuner sur l'herbe provoked a great enthusiasm
among the young painters, who saw represented in
Manet's painting many of their concerns.
Edouard Manet_________________
•His work was modern in both its technique and
its subject matter (part of the Realist school…)
•He was one of the first artists to begin to paint
contemporary life.
•His work influenced the impressionists although
he did not show with them.
•“Dejeuner sur l’herbe” caused a scandal as it
challenged classical motifs. It was seen as
voyeuristic and mildly pornographic.
Le Dejeuner sur L’herbe__________
Manet, Le Dejeuner
sur L’herbe, Oil on
canvas, 1862-63.
• Nude woman sitting with two clothed men
• Woman in background scantily clothed
• Contemporary look, direct gaze, and the fact that
she resembled no pagan deity scandalized people.
Titian, Olympia/Venus of
Urbino, oil on canvas,
Manet, Olympia, 1863, oil
on canvas, 130.5 x 190 cm
The Impressionists______________
•Associated with a spontaneous style of painting where
the brushwork is often visible.
•They believed that paint could be mixed directly on the
canvas, and not the palette to maintain “purity”.
•Artists wished to capture the visual impression made
by a scene; they were not concerned with giving a
factual report of it.
•Impressionism caused critical outrage as the artist
paints what s/he perceives rather than a solid world.
Impressionism: characteristics___
•The Impressionists focused on capturing the
impression of a scene through effects produced
by using light and color in various ways.
•Characterized by the use of unmixed (pure)
primary colors and small strokes to simulate
actual reflected light.
•Unconventional themes, usually drawn from
nature or from urban scenes, rather than history,
mythology or religion.
Claude Monet__________________
•His interest lay in nature, movement and the
fleeting natural effects of light.
•Monet’s few paintings of interiors and his
images of city life are merely an excuse to study
light in a different environment.
•He is best known for his series paintings, in
which he explored particular subjects in differing
light conditions at various times of day.
Monet, Rouen,
1880’s-90’s.
Monet, Water
lilies, series
made from
late 1890’s1900’s.
Monet, Water lilies, series
made from late 1890’s1900’s.
Pierre-Auguste Renoir___________
•favoured society portraits and pictures of the middleclasses at play (joyous people having fun).
•His works are characteristic of impressionism with his use
of rapid brushstrokes, brilliant colours, and the optical
effects of light.
The Luncheon of the Boating
Party,
1881
Oil on canvas
129.5 x 172.7 cm
Renoir, Moulin de la Galette,1876, oil on canvas, 153.7 x 190.2 cm
Mary Cassatt___________________
•Created pictures of women,
often with their children.
•The subjects of her works
are limited to the private
areas or domestic space or
those belonging to polite
society.
•She was largely responsible
for introducing the
impressionists to American
collectors.
Mary Cassatt, La Toilette, 1891, Oil on canvas, 39 1/2 x 26 in.
Edgar Degas__________________
•Degas utilized modern
motifs from the ballet,
racetrack and brothel.
•Many of his works were
offensive to the public.
•Compositionally, he
created unusual viewpoints
through asymmetry,
eccentric cropping, and
foreshortening.
•His concern for design and
patterns gave his work an
abstract quality.
Degas, The Tub,1886, oil on canvas.
Post-Impressionism__________
Post-Impressionism__________
• Came after Impressionism.
•These painters searched for more “formal”
approaches to painting.
•A reaction to Impressionism, they explored a
symbolic (or non-objective) use of strong colours
rather than concerning itself with naturalism.
•Showed a greater concern for expression,
structure, and form
Georges Seurat_____________
•concentrated on the formal
properties of colour by
devising the technique
known as “divisionism” or
pointillism. This technique
required the application of
small dots of paint
(representing the colour of
light, the object, as well as
complementaries), intended
to mix in the eye of the
viewer.
Georges Seurat, Sunday on the Island of La Grand Jatte, oil on canvas,
1884-1886.
Vincent van Gogh____________
•Worked with bold
streaks of primary
colours.
•He painted modern life
in his images of rural
labor, portraits of local
personalities, selfportraits, sun-flowers,
and others.
Self-Portrait with Bandaged Ear.
1889. Oil on canvas.
Vincent van Gogh____________
•A tragic life, recorded through
his works. His stormy and
dramatic life and his
unswerving devotion to his
ideals have made him one of
the great cultural heroes of
modern times, providing some
dynamic material for movies,
songs, etc.
•Failed as a preacher, tried to
express in painting what he
couldn’t in words.
Café Terrace at Night,
1888, oil on canvas,
81 x 65 cm.
VAN GOGH’S COLOUR
•Expressive colour let him to an equally expressive
brushstroke.
•The thickness, shape and direction of his brush strokes
created a tactile counterpart to his intense colour
schemes.
•He moved the brush back and forth at right angles or
squeezed dots of colour directly on the canvas from the
tube.
The Night Café in the Place Lamartine in Arles, 1888, Oil on canvas,
Starry Night, 1889, Oil on canvas, 72 x 92 cm.
Henri de Toulouse Lautrec____
•His style was influenced by
Japanese artists that were
popular in Paris at the time.
•He spent a great deal of his
time at cabarets, music halls
and the circus.
•The simplicity of his forms, his
decorative style, the
unmodulated colour and his use
of line give his work a graphic
clarity that make him the first
master of modern advertising.
•Depicts the Divan
Japonais (a cabaret in
Montmarte)
The owner commissioned
this poster from ToulouseLautrec to attract
customers to the opening
of his nightclub.
•Notice the heavy outlines
and cropped composition,
reflecting the influence of
photography and Japanese
prints.
Divan Japonais. 1893. Litho poster, 31 5/8 x 23 7/8"
Henri de Toulouse Lautrec____
•In At the Moulin Rouge, he focused on a
group of friends and employees of Paris's
most famous dance hall.
•The composition, with its oblique
perspective, acid palette, bizarre artificial
lighting, and masklike faces, is a haunting
and unforgettable image of the dissolute
Bohemian life of turn-of-the-century Paris.
At the Moulin Rouge, 1895, oil on canvas, 123 x 141 cm.
Paul Cezanne_______________
•He reacted to the lack of
structure in the
Impressionists' paintings by
developing a way of using
color to render his images
as compositions of planes.
The Smoker, 1890-1892
Oil on canvas; 92.5 x 73.5 cm.
Mont Sainte Victoire_________
• It is one of his favorite subjects and he is
known to have painted it over 60 times
•He was fascinated by the rugged
architectural forms in the mountains of
Provence and painted the same scene from
many different angles.
•He would use bold blocks of color to
achieve a new spatial effect known as “flatdepth'' to accommodate the unusual
geological forms of the mountains.
Mont Sainte Victoire,18851887, oil on canvas, 26 x 35
3/8”.
Mont Sainte Victoire,1885-1887, oil
on canvas, 26 x 35 3/8”.
Paul Cezanne
Because his efforts
established the
foundation of the
modernist trend toward
abstraction, Cézanne is
widely known as the
"Father of Modern
Art."
Still Life with Apples and a Pot of Primroses,
early 1890s, oil on canvas