FADTP 3-1
We are learning to: describe how objects in the
solar system are in regular and predictable
motions that explain days, years, and seasons.
We are looking for: description of:
• Days- Earth rotates on its axis every 24 hours
• Years-Earth revolves around the sun 365.25
days
• Seasons-Earth revolves around the sun as the
Earth is tilted on its axis
Seasons
• Seasons are caused by the
tilt of the earth’s axis as the
earth revolves around the
sun.
• Vernal equinox is the
beginning of Spring.
• Summer solstice is the
beginning of Summer.
• Autumnal equinox is the
beginning of Autumn.
• Winter Solstice is the
beginning of Winter.
3
Motion of the Earth
• Rotation is the spinning of the
earth on its axis.
– This movement
determines the length
of a day, 24 hours.
• Revolution is the movement
of one object around another
object.
– This movement
determines the length
of a year, 365.25 days.
– Every four years is a
leap year.
4
Why do we have night and day?
A. Earth’s rotation
B. Earth’s revolution
C. Tilt of the Earth on
its axis
D. I need Help!
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What causes Earth to experience
different seasons?
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It rotates on its axis
while it revolves around
the sun
It revolves on its axis
while it rotates around
the sun
It is tilted while it rotates
around the sun.
It is tilted while it
revolves around the sun.
I need help!
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A.
10
If the Earth’s Revolution was
slower, we would experience
Longer days
Shorter days
Longer years
Shorter years
I need help!
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Of the following, which does not
affect seasons?
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A. Earth is tilted 23.5
degrees
B. The Earth revolves
around the sun
C. The Earth’s
distance from the
sun
D. I need help!
10
1. PRACTICE
Make a drawing that
illustrates the
difference between
a year and a day.
3. REVIEW
What laws of motion
apply to our new
astronomy unit?
Explain.
2. EXTENSION
Pretend you live in Northern
Alaska. Write a paragraph
about what the hours of day
and night would be like the
summer and winter.
4. FRONTLOAD
Pre/Post Check Key Terms
____ Eclipse ____
____ Lunar Eclipse ____
____ Solar Eclipse ____
____ Tides ____
____ Spring Tide ____
____ Neap Tide ____
____ Moon Phases ____
____ Crater ____
We are learning to: describe how objects in the
solar system are in regular and predictable
motions that explain phases (moon cycles),
eclipses, tides
We are looking for: a description of
-Phases-moon revolves around the Earth
approximately once a month
-Eclipse-are random predictable; one object
moves in front of another object in relation to
the position of the sun
-Tides-high tide occurs approximately twice a
day due to the gravitational pull of the moon
Phases of the Moon
• The moon is illuminated by
the sun.
• The moon reflects sunlight to
the earth.
• The different phases of the
moon is affected by the moon
revolving around the earth as
the earth revolves around the
sun.
• The complete cycle of phases
takes 29.5 days, this is
known as a synodic month.
• Each phase takes about 3.5
days.
11
Solar Eclipses
• Occurs during a new moon
when the moon is between the
sun and earth.
• The shadow is the umbra, the
partial shadow is the
penumbra.
• Doesn’t happen every month
because the moon’s orbit
around the earth is tilted and
this prevents the sun, earth
and moon from being in a
straight line.
• Do not look at a solar eclipse
without protective eye gear.
12
Lunar Eclipse
• Occurs during a full moon
phase when the earth is
between the sun and the
moon.
• More common than the solar
eclipse.
• Can be view without
protective eye gear.
13
Tides
• Tides are caused by the
gravitational attraction
between the moon and earth.
• High tides are 12.5 hours
apart.
• Spring tide is the highest high
tide and occur at full and new
moon phases.
• Neap tide is the lowest high
tide and occur at first and last
quarter moon phases.
14
Which phase occurs when the
moon is in between the Earth and
the sun?
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Full moon
New moon
1st Quarter moon
3rd quarter moon
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10
What causes us to see different
phases of the moon?
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A. Light reflects off of the
surface of the moon.
B. The moon revolves
around the Earth.
C. We see different
perspectives of the moon.
D. All of the above.
10
What is the main cause of
tides?
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A. The gravitational
pull of the moon
B. The gravitational
pull of the sun
C. The gravitational
pull of the Earth
D. I need help!
10
If the sun, moon, and Earth are perfectly aligned (as
pictured), what event will occur on Earth?
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Neap Tide
Solar Eclipse
Lunar Eclipse
Seasonal Change
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B.
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D.
10
When studying a solar eclipse, which would be a
proper method of viewing the sun?
A. Wear sunglasses
B. Use a telescope
C. Use a magnifying
glass
D. Use filters that are
specifically designed
to view eclipses
E. I need help!
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10
FOUR BLOCK INTERVENTION
INSTRUCTIONS
1. If you have not missed any questions,
start with block #2 and then complete
blocks #3 and #4.
2. If you have missed 2 or more, meet with
the teacher.
3. Everyone else starts in block #1 and then
complete blocks #2, #3, and #4.
1. PRACTICE
Explain how the
moon affects the
earth.
3. REVIEW
Draw a diagram
illustrating all of the
phases of the moon.
Label all of the
phases.
2.EXTENSION
What would happen to the earth’s tides
if the moon was not present?
Using your knowledge of moon, write a
paragraph (6-10 sentences)explaining
why or why not?
4. FRONTLOAD
What do you know
about gravity and
inertia?
We are learning to: explain that gravitational force
determines motions in the solar system and keeps the
planets in orbit around the sun.
We are looking for: explanation that
*All objects in the solar system have gravity.
*Sun has the greatest mass, thus has the greatest
gravitational pull within our solar system.
*Since planets have inertia, they do not get pulled into
the sun.
*Gravity keeps the planets in orbit.
Forces that Hold Earth in Orbit around
the Sun
• Gravity is the attraction
between any two
objects.
• Inertia is the tendency of
an object to resist
change in motion.
• The balance between
gravity and inertia keeps
earth in orbit around the
sun.
23
What is an object’s resistance to
a change in motion?
A. Gravity
B. Inertia
C. Mass
D. Friction
E. I need help!
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its forward motion around the sun?
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A. It will fly off into space.
B. It will hit the nearest
planet.
C. It will get pulled into the
sun.
D. It will continue to
revolve.
What keeps planets revolving
around the sun?
A. The sun’s gravitational
pull.
B. The planet’s mass.
C. The planet’s magnetic
field.
D. The Sun’s inertia.
E. I need help!
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Please copy circle and do this.
Orbit
Gravity
• Fill in two words that
closely relate to the
two words given.
• Write a paragraph
explaining the
significance of each
word and how they fit
together to form a
concept?
We are learning to:
*Compare the composition and orbits of comets and
asteroids with that of Earth.
We are looking for:
Composition of comets, asteroids, and Earth
1. Earth is composed of rock with many layers and has
a core of dense metal
2.Comets are composed of ice and dust (dirty snowball)
3. Asteroids are composed of chunks of solid rock with
heavy metal
Orbits of comets, asteroids, and Earth’s
1.Earth’s orbit is elliptical
2. Comet’s orbit is elongated and elliptical
3. Asteroids are elliptical and orbit in the asteroid belt
or the Kuiper belt.
We are learning to: Describe the effect that asteroids or
meteroids have when traveling through space and
entering planetary atmospheres.
We are looking for:
1. Asteroids are large rocky objects that orbit the sun. If
they hit the Earth the impact could be catastrophic.
2. Meteorites are small rocky objects hit the Earth all the
time and do not cause much damage.
3. A rock changes its classification based on its location:
Meteoroid – rock located in outer space
Meteor – rock burning up in the Earth’s
atmosphere (Shooting Star/Meteor Shower)
Meteorite – rock that hits the ground
Members of the Solar system
• Sun (closest star to
earth)
• Planets
• Moons
• Asteroids
• Meteoroids
• Comets
30
Inner Planets: Mercury
• 0.4 AU from the sun.
• Rotational period 59 Earth
days.
• Revolution period of 88 Earth
days.
• No moon.
• Average temperature range is
670 K to 103 K.
• Almost no atmosphere and
no water.
31
Inner Planets: Venus
• 0.7 AU from the sun.
• Retrograde rotational period
243 Earth days.
• Revolution period of 225
Earth days.
• The day on Venus is longer
than a year.
• No moon.
• Average temperature range is
700 K.
• Atmospheric pressure 90
times that of Earth.
• Atmosphere of sulfuric acid.
• Large amount of CO2 causing
the Greenhouse Effect.
32
Inner Planets: Earth
• 1.0 AU from the sun.
• Rotational period 24
hours.
• Revolution period of
365.25 days.
• One moon.
• Atmosphere 78%
nitrogen, 21% oxygen &
1 % carbon dioxide.
• 71 % of Earth’s surface
is covered by water.
33
Inner Planets: Mars
• 1.5 AU from the sun.
• Rotational period 23.9 Earth
hours.
• Revolution period of 687
Earth days.
• Two moons: Phobos &
Deimos.
• Average temperature range is
144 K to 300 K.
• Thin atmosphere of carbon
dioxide and some water.
• Largest volcano is Olympus
Mons.
• Polar caps of dry ice.
34
Asteroid Belt
• Found between the orbits of
Mars & Jupiter.
• Trojan refers to asteroids or
moons that share the same
orbit as a larger planet or
moon, but does not collide
because it orbits.
35
Outer Planets: Jupiter
• 5.0 AU from the sun.
• Rotational period 9.9 hours.
• Revolution period of 11.9
earth years.
• 63 moons including Io,
Europa, Ganymede &
Callisto.
• Has rings.
• The Great Red Spot is a
major storm on the surface of
the planet.
• Average temperature of
163 K.
36
Outer Planets: Saturn
• 9.6 AU from the sun.
• Rotational period 10.7 Earth
hours.
• Revolution period of 29 Earth
years.
• Has 47 moons including
Titan.
• Has a ring system.
• Density is less than water.
• Average temperature of
133 K.
37
Outer Planets: Uranus
• 19 AU from the sun.
• Retrograde rotational period
17.2 Earth hours.
• Revolution period of 83.7
Earth years.
• 27 moons.
• Has rings.
• Discovered by William
Herschel in 1781.
• Average temperature is 78 K.
38
Outer Planets: Neptune
• 30 AU from the sun.
• Rotational period 17 Earth
hours.
• Revolution period of 164
Earth years.
• 13 moons.
• Has rings.
• Discovered by John Galle in
1846.
• Average temperature is 73 K.
39
Planet diameters
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Mercury - 4879 km
Venus – 12,104 km
Earth – 12,756 km
Mars – 6794 km
Jupiter – 142,982 km
Saturn – 120,536 km
Uranus – 51,118 km
Neptune – 49,528 km
40
Oort Cloud
• The Oort Cloud is the area
surrounding the solar system
where the comets are found.
• Comets are dirty snow balls.
• Comets have a head
(nucleus & coma) and a tail.
• Halley’s comet appears every
76 years.
41
Meteors
• Meteoroids are pieces of rock
from object such as asteroids
that fly through space.
• Meteors are meteoroids that
are burning up in the earth’s
atmosphere (shooting stars).
• Meteorites are meteoroids
that have landed on the
earth’s surface.
42
Nebular Theory
• A model for the
formation of the solar
system in which the
sun and planets
condense from a
cloud (or nebula) of
gas and dust.
An icy object that has an elongated
orbit around the sun is referred to as
a(n)….
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Asteroid
Comet
Meteor
Meteorite
I don’t know!
The flash of light produced when a
meteoroid passes through the Earth’s
atmosphere is a(n)
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Asteroid
Comet
Meteor
Meteorite
I don’t know!
Why does a meteoroid create a streak of light
when entering the Earth’s atmosphere?
A. Light from the sun is
reflected of the surface of
each
B. Energy is released from
the objects
C. Lightning is produced from
these objects
D. Light is a result of friction
from the gasses in the
atmosphere
E. I don’t know!
Which of the following applies to meteoroids
and asteroids.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
They are similar in size.
They are rocky and/or
metallic.
They are composed of
frozen gases, ice, and
dust.
They orbit the sun in
highly elliptical patterns.
I don’t know!
Which of the following objects would cause
the most damage if it hit the Earth?
A. Asteroid
B. Meteoroid
C. Meteorite
D. Meteor
E. I don’t know!
Create an “alike but different” using the
terms asteroid, meteoroid, comet.
What we have in common
How we are different
How I will remember this
We are learning to:
identify and describe telescopes, probes, satellites, and
space crafts
We are looking for:
telescope- refracting, reflecting, and radio are used to
view distant objects
probe-machines sent to other locations in the solar
system and are used to investigate/explore
satellite-orbits around the earth or other planets and are
used to take photos and collect data
space craft-mode of transportation to send humans to
locations in the solar system;
We are learning to: examine advances of different people, culture, and
times in astronomy.
We are looking for: examples of how telescopes have changed and
been improved over time and their impact on science and
technology .
Tools to Study the Universe
• Reflecting telescopes
use mirrors to magnify
the image.
• Refracting telescopes
use lenses to magnify
the image.
• Radio telescopes collect
radio waves to study the
stars.
• Spectroscopes analyze
the light given off by
stars to indicate
composition, movement
and temperature of
stars.
52
Reflecting Telescope
53
Refracting Telescope
54
Radio Telescope
55
Which type of telescope focuses
light using a mirror?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Reflecting Telescope
Refracting Telescope
Radio Telescope
Infrared Telescope
I need help!
Which type of telescope focuses
light through transparent lenses?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Reflecting Telescope
Refracting Telescope
Radio Telescope
Infrared Telescope
I need Help!
One of the greatest advancements in
astronomy was the telescope. Which is
the correct order of advancements?
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A. Radio- refracting-reflecting
B. Reflecting – refracting –
radio
C. Refracting-reflecting-radio
D. Radio- reflecting-refracting
E. I need help!
Which of the following is an advantage of
a space-based, satellite telescope like
Hubble?
E.
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Satellite telescopes are much closer
to the stars.
Satellite telescopes are able to see
through solid objects.
Satellite telescopes can detect
wavelengths that are blocked by the
atmosphere.
Satellite telescopes have the ability
to see the future.
I need help!
S
A.
Focus Free Write (3 minutes)
Explain how the advancements in
telescopes have helped astronomers learn
more about the universe.
When finished, trade your paper with a
partner. Revise if there are
misconceptions or any incorrect
information.
Explain how the advancements in
telescopes have helped astronomers
learn more about the universe.
0 0 0 23 021345 9876543210
Hours
Minutes
Seconds
We are learning to: explain interstellar
distances are measured in light years
We are looking for: the explanation of and
the use of the light year
*explain a light year as the distance light
travels in a year
*explain that distances are too great to be
measured in miles or kilometers
Distances to Stars
• A light year is the
distance light travels in
year.
• Astronomers often use
parallax to measure
distances to nearby
stars.
• Parallax is the apparent
change in position of an
object when you look at
it from different places.
63
A light year is a measurement of…
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I don’t know! I
need help!
D
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b)
c)
d)
e)
10
Why do astronomers measure interstellar
distances in light years instead of
kilometers or miles?
A. Light years are a measure
of time.
B. Miles and kilometers are too
small of a unit.
C. Miles and kilometers are too
large of a unit.
D. I don’t know! I need help!
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You are viewing a star that is 20 light years
away. When was the light from this star
produced?
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b) After you were
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d) 2 years ago
e) I don’t know! I
need help!
10
What if….
there was a planet in another solar system within our
galaxy that could support life. The beings on this
planet have a telescope that can observe beings on
Earth. If the planet is 10 light years away, who would
they see as president? Use the timeline below and
provide an explanation to support your answer.
1981-1989
Ronald Reagan
1993-2001
Bill Clinton
1989-1993
George H.W. Bush
2009-2013
Barack Obama
2001-2009
George W. Bush
2021-2025
Cory A. Booker
2013-2021
Eugenia Green
After answering this question, meet with a partner to
compare your responses. Collaborate to make a new
paired response to the question.
We are learning to: examine the life cycle of a star (characteristics;
HR diagram)
We are looking for: a description of how stars are classified by
characteristics and then organized on an HR diagram.
Characteristics
Size- Giant, main sequence, and dwarf
Temperature- blue=hot; red=cooler
Brightness- apparent brightness and absolute magnitude
HR diagram shows temperature, brightness, color of stars and
where the star is in its life cycle.
Used to graph the surface temperature (x-axis) vs. brightness (yaxis)
Hotter stars are on left side of graph; cooler stars on the right
side of the graph
Brighter stars on top of graph; dimmer stars on bottom of graph
Classifying Stars
• Stars are classified by
size, temperature, and
brightness.
• Temperature of a star is
indicated by color, hot
stars are blue & cooler
stars are red.
• Apparent brightness is
the brightness of a star
as observed from earth.
• Absolute magnitude is
the brightness of a star
observed at the distance
of 10 parsecs.
69
Hertzsprung-Russell Diagram
• H-R diagram is a
graph of the Milky
Way galaxy.
• Surface temperature
is graphed on the xaxis.
• Absolute magnitude
is graphed on the yaxis.
70
Types of Stars
• Blue super giants have a
high brightness and high
temperature.
• Red giants & super
giants have a high
brightness and low
temperature.
• White dwarfs have a low
brightness and high
temperature.
• 90% of all stars appear
on the Main Sequence
going from the upper left
to the lower right corner.
71
Which characteristic of stars cause
them to be different colors?
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a) chemical
composition
b) distance
c) size
d) temperature
e) I need help.
10
Which color would describe the
youngest and hottest star?
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10
Which star would be the brightest if
all the stars are the same distance
from Earth?
a)
b)
c)
d)
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Main sequence
Neutron Star
Red super giants
White dwarf
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10
How would you classify our star,
the sun, on the H-R diagram?
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Main sequence
Red giant
White dwarf
Red supergiant
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10
Red Giant
Main Sequence
Life Cycle of Star Interactive
Video
• http://www.asccsa.gc.ca/eng/educators/resources/astron
omy/multimedia/module2/star_lifecycle/sta
r_lifecycle.swf
We are learning to: Examine the life cycle of a star and predict the
next likely stage .
We are looking for: progression of the stages of a star’s life
Nebulae- cloud of gas and dust
Protostar- fusion begins
Main sequence- average star
Giant/red-giant- more massive stars
Nova/supernova - exploding star
White dwarf- no nuclear process
Black dwarf- no heat or light
Black Hole (area of large gravitational attraction) or Neutron
star (very dense star)
Birth of a Star
• Stars are born from a
cloud of gas or dust
called a nebula.
• The cloud condenses to
form a protostar.
• The protostar becomes a
star when the core of the
star reaches 15,000,000
K and nuclear fusion
begins.
79
Star Life
• The more massive stars
live for millions of years.
• The less massive stars
live for billions of years.
• Through out the life of
stars, elements are fused
into larger elements
(hydrogen to helium to
carbon to oxygen to iron).
80
Life Cycle of Stars
• Stars that are less
massive go from a
main sequence star
to a red giant and
finishes as a dwarf
star.
• Stars that are more
massive go from a
giant star to a
supernova.
81
End of a Star’s Life
• Star that are less than 1.4
solar masses will use up
all of its hydrogen and
helium and become a
white dwarf.
• Stars that are between
1.4-3.0 solar masses will
produce a Type I
supernova, leaving a
neutron star.
• Stars that are greater
than 3.0 solar masses
produce a Type II
supernova, collapsing
and producing a black
hole.
82
If given a protostar, what is the next
likely stage of the star?
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Nova
Main Sequence
Neutron Star
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10
What is the first stage of the birth of
a star?
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Nebula
Giant
Dwarf
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10
What happens to the most massive
stars as they near their death?
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e) I need some help.
10
Focused Free Write (Pass the
Pen)
• Describe the life cycle of our sun from life
to death.
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Ptime is up
We are learning to: explain that universe
has billions of galaxies and are classified by
shape
We are looking for: shapes of galaxies
•Spiral- mix of old and new stars
•Elliptical- more developed galaxies with
older stars
•Irregular-newer galaxies with newer stars
Galaxies
• A galaxy is a collection of
millions or billions of stars.
• Galaxies are grouped in
clusters.
• The Milky Way is a spiral
galaxy (our galaxy).
• Types of Galaxies (by
shape):
– Spiral galaxies (blue
stars).
– Elliptical galaxies (red
stars).
– Irregular galaxies.
100
Quasars
• Quasars are the
most distant and
most radiant objects
in the universe
(center of distant
galaxies).
101
Origin of the Universe
• The universe is
everything in space.
• The Big Bang Theory
states that the universe
began with a gigantic
explosion 10 to 20 billion
years ago.
• Proof of the theory is the
red shift of stars
showing the universe is
expanding.
102
Future of the Universe
• The universe will
continue to expand
(Hubble).
• The expansion of the
universe will gradually
slow down, and the
universe will approach a
limit in size.
• The universe will stop
expanding and start to
fall back in on itself.
103
By what are galaxies classified?
Color
Temperature
Size
Shape
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10
What type of galaxy is illustrated in
the following picture?
a)
b)
c)
d)
Irregular
Spiral
Elliptical
I have no idea.. I
need help!
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10
What type of galaxies contain older
stars?
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Elliptical
Irregular
Barred shape
spiral
Irr
eg
a)
b)
c)
d)
10
Type of
Galaxy
Shape of
Galaxy
(Draw Diagram)
Types of
stars
Elliptical
Spiral
Irregular