Renewable Energy Mapping: Wind
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TERMS OF REFERENCE
Renewable Energy Resource Mapping: Wind
[insert country]
Project ID:
Selection #:
1. PROJECT BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES
INTRODUCTION
1. These Terms of Reference (TOR) relate to a Request for Proposals (RFP) for wind mapping and
measurement services as part of a project being implemented by [insert] (the recipient for this
work) in [insert country]which aims to [insert project objectives]. The project is funded by [insert].
2. [Insert further details on initiative/program/funding organization if relevant]
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Figure 1: Five phases of RE resource mapping (ESMAP, 2014).
COUNTRY CONTEXT – PNG
3. [Insert any relevant paragraphs describing the energy sector in the country and any other details]
PROJECT CONTEXT - PNG
4. [Insert any relevant paragraphs describing the context to the project: demand, users, funding, key
stakeholders]
Table 1: Identified users of RE mapping outputs from this project
Audience User group
User sub-groups
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Likely uses
Priorities
Renewable Energy Mapping: Wind
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Central ministries (energy,
planning)
Delivery agencies (electrification,
meteorology)
Regulatory agencies
Institutes and advisory bodies
Commercial
developers
Developers
Investors and lenders
Contractors
Specialist consultancy firms
Utility
companies
Transmission operator(s)
Supply companies
Civil society
Academics and students
Research organizations
NGOs
Industry associations
International
organizations
IRENA
Development agencies
Secondary
Primary
Government
Energy policy
development
Planning guidance
Infrastructure
planning
Tariff setting
Tendering
Location scouting
Resource validation
Constraint analysis
Load management
Portfolio planning
Grid upgrade
planning
Modeling
improvements
Meteorology
Scenario planning
Promotional
activities
Improvement of
global datasets
Country profiling
Identification of
knowledge gaps
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Internationally
accepted standards
Data usability
Local sourcing
Capacity building
Data quality and
bankability
Methodological
transparency
Easy of data access
Long time series
Easy of data access
Capacity building
Scenario mapping
Data quality and
bankability
Methodological
transparency
Easy of data access
Internationally
accepted standards
Data usability
2. SCOPE OF WORK
5. These TOR accompany an RFP for wind resource data and mapping services (Phases 1-3) in [insert
country]. The objective of the assignment is to support the sustainable expansion of electricity
generation from wind power by providing the Government of [insert country] and commercial
developers with an improved understanding of the location and potential of wind resources at the
country level through production of a high quality, validated wind atlas.
6. The assignment can be summarized as follows:
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Phase 1 – Project inception, preliminary modeling and implementation planning: Project
inception and stakeholder engagement; preparation of an initial wind resource estimate at the
country level based on a mesoscale model using satellite and reanalysis data; preliminary
validation using existing ground-based data; preparations for the implementation of Phase 2;
Phase 2 – Ground-based data collection: Implementation of a ground-based measurement
campaign using high quality wind measurement devices, with real-time data transmission and
reporting, for the purpose of validating and improving the mesoscale model and generating
reliable benchmarking data;
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Phase 3 – Production of validated wind resource atlas: Prepare validated wind resource maps
and a Wind Atlas report that describes the final outputs, methodology and process, and includes
provision of the final geographic information system (GIS) data.
7. The assignment covers full implementation of Phases 1-3, whilst incorporating sufficient flexibility
for the detailed design and procurement of Phase 2 to be carried out in consultation with [insert
agency] during implementation. As a result, a large component of the costs related to Phase 2 are
excluded from the evaluation of Financial Proposals (thereafter referred to as ‘Excluded Costs’), with
the Vendor responsible for identifying and procuring the Excluded Cost inputs and then managing
the sub-contractor(s) that are selected during implementation of the assignment.
8. Phases 4-5 are outside the scope of these TOR [insert any relevant details on how this work will be
organized].
PHASE 1: PROJECT INCEPTION, PRELIMINARY MODELING AND IMPLEMENTATION PLANNING
PROJECT INCEPTION
9. Soon after the Purchase Order is signed, the Vendor shall lead in the preparation of Inception
Mission to [insert country] in coordination with the project team. The objective of this mission is to:
engage with the Client and the project team to explain and refine the proposed methodology and
timeline; identify specific users, stakeholders and data providers; begin the process of identifying
sub-contractors for Phase 2; and further explore options for equipment ownership, including
beyond the completion of this project. The Vendor shall prepare for this mission by completing a
comprehensive assessment of any previous RE mapping work to be presented as a slide pack
outlining the status of wind development in [insert country], the role that RE mapping can play, and
a summary of the proposed work plan.
10. The Inception Mission will take place in [insert location] for meetings with Client representatives
and commercial developers. A site visit to an existing wind or meteorological measurement station
may be organized to allow the team to assess in-country capacity in this regard. The Vendor shall be
represented by at least two members of the core team (including the project manager), in addition
to representatives from their local partner(s). The Inception Mission and associated meetings will be
hosted and/or organized by the [insert agency] and the Client in each country, although the Vendor
will be responsible for their own in-country logistics (including getting to/from meetings and site
visit locations).
PRELIMINARY WIND MODELING
11. The Vendor shall carry out an initial mesoscale modeling assessment of wind resources based on the
best available satellite remote sensing and meteorological data and produce an interim Wind
Mesoscale Modeling Report. Annex A provides further details on the requirements for mesoscale
modeling and reporting.
12. The [insert agency] is not aware of sufficient high quality, ground-based wind data that could be
used for model validation purposes, thereby eliminating the need for a Mesoscale Model Validation
Report at this stage. If data is identified during the inception stage, then the [insert agency] will
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discuss with the Vendor how this may be best used and any associated resourcing requirements.
SITE IDENTIFICATION
13. The Vendor shall prepare a Candidate Site Identification Report that is informed by the interim wind
modeling outputs. This shall include recommendations for the number of wind measurement masts
and a proposed longlist of possible site locations, ranked according to the methodology proposed by
the Vendor. The Vendor’s recommendations shall take into account the needs for adequate model
validation, availability of suitable locations and personnel to maintain the stations (including security
considerations), and the likely available budget as communicated by the [insert agency]. The
Candidate Site Identification Report shall be presented to the [insert agency] at least two weeks
prior to the date of an in-country workshop to present the outputs from Phase 1 (see below).
14. The objective of ground-based data collection will be to provide high quality validation data and
long-term wind reference data for the country wind atlas, rather than to obtain data for micro-level
resource assessment for the purposes of wind farm development. The sites shall thus be selected so
as to represent at the same time dispersed high-wind zones with potentially commercially
exploitable wind resources, as well as representing different local climate and/or topographical
conditions, where the mesoscale model may be exhibiting different performance.
15. The Vendor shall identify a longlist of possible site locations for consideration by the Client,
reflecting the objectives outlined above and the Vendor’s analysis of potential site resource profiles
and local conditions. The Vendor’s analysis must take account of relevant ‘safeguards’ policies1 and
possible limitations on site selection, including:
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Land access issues (most likely best addressed by restricting site consideration to publiclyowned land where possible)
Land surface, obstructions and other physical limitations
Protected and environmentally sensitive areas (which as far as possible shall be addressed
through a preliminary screening process)
Military and other exclusion zones
Ease of access for commissioning and maintenance purposes (e.g. road networks)
Shipping lanes, takeoff and landing corridors, and microwave transmission paths
Security consideration (noting that not all sites will necessarily need to be visited by
international members of the Vendor’s team)
16. The Vendor is responsible for sourcing all necessary GIS data layers, but shall submit requests for
any required data that they do not have available to [insert agency] prior to commissioning such
data from third party sources. All GIS data costs shall be treated as reimbursable expenses.
1
For example, refer to the World Bank’s Safeguards policies at www.worldbank.org/safeguards
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PHASE 1 WORKSHOP
ONCE DRAFT PHASE 1 OUTPUTS HAVE BEEN SUBMITTED AND APPROVED BY [INSERT AGENCY], THE VENDOR SHALL
ORGANIZE AND PARTICIPATE IN VISIT TO [INSERT COUNTRY] TO PRESENT THE RESULTS TO THE CLIENT AND OTHER
STAKEHOLDERS AND DELIVER A SERIES OF TAILORED TRAINING MODULES. THE VENDOR SHALL PROPOSE A FORMAT
FOR THE WORKSHOP, INCLUDING OPTIONS AND SUGGESTED TOPICS FOR THE TRAINING OF IN-COUNTRY END USERS
(REFER TO PROJECT CONTEXT - PNG
17. [Insert any relevant paragraphs describing the context to the project: demand, users, funding, key
stakeholders]
18. Table 1). The Vendor shall be responsible for organizing the event, including provision of meeting
room space, logistics, catering, and proposing an agenda to be agreed in consultation with the
[insert agency] and the Client. The [insert agency] will be responsible for identifying and inviting the
workshop attendees. The team composition shall include senior members of the Vendor’s team.
19. As part of the same visit, the Vendor shall allow time for detailed discussions on the arrangements
for implementation of Phase 2. This is likely to include discussions between the Vendor and the
Client to develop a shortlist of sites for further consideration, drawing on the ranked longlist
proposed in the Candidate Site Identification Report. The discussions are also likely to cover
equipment ownership arrangements, Client-provided coordination and facilitation, and agreement
of the parameters for the scope of Phase 2 in terms of number of measurement sites and the length
of the measurement period. The Vendor shall allow sufficient time for the Phase 1 workshop and
these meetings, plus any other in-country work they envisage to prepare for Phase 2.
PHASE 2: GROUND-BASED DATA COLLECTION
PLANNING OF WIND MEASUREMENT CAMPAIGN
20. During Phase 2 the Vendor shall be responsible for obtaining high quality wind data from a minimum
of [insert number] sites over a 24-month period, in compliance with the minimum standards
outlined in Annex C. If the budget permits, the [insert agency] may decide to increase the number of
sites.
21. In recognition of the difficulty in obtaining accurate cost estimates for many of the costs associated
with delivering the Phase 2 measurement campaign, certain Phase 2 implementation costs are
excluded from the evaluation of Financial Proposals. These Excluded Costs are restricted to some of
the works and services that will be sub-contracted during Phase 2 and which are deemed to be
highly uncertain at this stage (e.g. import duties, permitting, insurance, site preparation, site
security). Table 2 outlines the division of responsibility for Phase 2 cost components according to
whether they are part of the Vendor’s core offer (Included Costs), or excluded and provided as an
estimate (Excluded Costs)2. In doing this, a large element of risk is being removed from the Vendor,
2
Both categories do not include the personnel costs that are required to commission and manage the delivery of
the Phase 2 measurement campaign as specified, including supervision of sub-contractors and quality assurance.
These costs are part of the Vendor’s core offer.
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who will instead be responsible for procuring the Excluded Cost components from one or more local
suppliers during Phase 2.
Table 2: Breakdown for Phase 2 cost components
Component
Lattice tower, foundations, anchoring,
grounding, security/warning features
Mast instrumentation, cables, logger,
communications system3, power supply,
other BoS components
Spare parts, wear parts and
consumables inventory
Shipping costs DDU at entry port
Custom clearance fees and importation
duties
Permitting and permissions payments
In-country storage and transportation
Civil works and site preparation
Insurance and third-party liability
Uninsurable losses and contingencies
Land acquisition cost, rental and other
operation fees
Site operations, maintenance visits, and
site security
Data transmission and communication
fees (GSM/satellite usage fees)
Included Costs
Excluded Costs
Non-labor costs that are
part of the Vendor’s core
offer; assessed in the
financial evaluation
Sub-contracted works and
services that will be
determined and agreed in
Phase 2; not assessed in the
financial evaluation
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22. The agreed shortlisted sites shall be visited by a small team, including relevant experts from the
Vendor’s team and [insert agency] and Client representatives. Some or all of these visits may be
possible to schedule around the time of the Phase 1 workshop. The objective of these visits will be
to assess any localized site constraints and potential adverse impacts, and carry out appropriate
consultation, before recommending a final set of measurement sites. The Vendor is responsible for
any relevant training for local partners to allow the site visits to be conducted in the most efficient
way possible.
3
Vendors should assume use of GSM networks in developing their proposals; additional equipment costs related
to satellite communication will be treated as Excluded Costs.
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23. Following the field visits the Vendor shall prepare and submit a Phase 2 Implementation Plan
containing final site selection details (including the optimal location of the mast(s) at each site
informed by microscale modeling), assessment of the risks and appropriate mitigation measures in
relation to the relevant Safeguards policies and Environment, Health and Safety Guidelines4,
proposed sub-contractors for provision of the Phase 2 inputs listed as Excluded Costs, procedure for
obtaining permits and local permission, and proposed capacity building and training measures
aimed at local partner(s) and sub-contractor(s). The Vendor’s recommendation on proposed subsubcontracts shall be based on a competitive selection process where possible, taking into account
their relative experience, ability to deliver, and value for money considerations.
24. With all the above information to hand, the [insert agency], Client and Vendor will agree on the
most appropriate structuring, breadth, and scope of the Phase 2 wind measurement campaign,
taking account of the available budget and the costs provided. Following a final decision by the
[insert agency], the Vendor’s Purchase Order shall be modified to include the agreed components as
an additional lump sum, taking account of any other agreed modifications to the Scope of Work. The
objective of this exercise will be to come to mutual agreement on a realistic implementation plan for
Phase 2 that provides good value for money and the best possible outputs for the budget available.
It is possible that, depending on the timeline proposed by the Vendor, agreement on the final scope
of work could take place prior to the end of Phase 1.
DELIVERY OF WIND MEASUREMENT CAMPAIGN
25. Upon agreement of the revised Scope of Work and associated amendment of the Purchase Order,
the Vendor shall be responsible for delivering the wind measurement campaign to the specified
minimum standards.
26. The Vendor shall prepare Site Installation Reports immediately following commissioning of each site
to provide a permanent record of the site characteristics, measurement equipment, and other
variables as outlined in Annex C.
27. The Vendor shall also prepare Site Resource Reports at the end of 12 and 24 months of
measurements, provided within six weeks of the end of this/each period. The purpose of the Site
Resource Reports is to document site measurement operations for quality assessment purposes and
to provide measured datasets which can be used to compare with the results of the mesoscale wind
modeling. Each Site Resource Report shall include a complete microscale analysis using mainstream
microscale modeling software, taking account of inter alia the local topography, the surface
roughness rose, obstacles, etc. In complex terrain where the limits of safe use of microscale
modeling tools are exceeded, a CFD model analysis shall be used. Minimum requirements for Site
Resource Reports are outlined in Annex D.
28. The Vendor shall assume sole ownership of the equipment for the duration of the measurement
campaign unless an alternative arrangement is agreed during implementation. Vendor ownership
could include arrangements whereby the Vendor’s local partner or Phase 2 sub-contractor is the
legal owner of the equipment, or some other service or leasing provision negotiated by the Vendor.
4
For example, please refer to the IFC website.
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Alternatives might include joint Vendor-Client ownership, or ownership transfer from the Vendor to
the Client upon commissioning.
29. In order to provide a continuous reference data series to be used for recalibrating future local wind
measurements to a long-term normal wind year, it is preferable in most circumstances for the
measurement equipment to remain in place for longer than the limited period possible under this
project. As a result, ownership of the equipment will be transferred to a legal entity identified by the
Client and accepted by the [insert agency], by the time the contracted period ends. The Vendor shall
work with the [insert agency] and the Client to identify an appropriate ‘business model’ that gives
the greatest chance of long-term viability of continued ground-based measurements, and
incorporate this into the Phase 2 Implementation Plan as appropriate.
30. The Vendor shall provide capacity building and training to enable their local partner(s), subcontractor(s), and Client representative(s) to carry out the Phase 2 measurement campaign to the
requisite standards, including being able to take over operation and maintenance of the sites at the
end of the contracted period.
PHASE 3: PRODUCTION OF VALIDATED WIND RESOURCE ATLAS
31. Upon delivery of the contracted ground-based wind data for all sites, the Vendor shall produce a
final Mesoscale Wind Modeling Report. The Vendor shall update or adjust their mesoscale model at
this stage to improve its accuracy in response to the ground-based data available, including any
wind measurement data provided by the Client or not available during Phase 1. Following this, the
Vendor shall produce a Mesoscale Model Validation Report.
32. The Vendor shall then carry out a high-resolution microscale modeling output for the country based
on the generalized wind climate output from the mesoscale modeling and a high-resolution
mainstream microscale model (with appropriate RIX correction) with the output supplied as a
Microscale Wind Modeling Report, including GIS data layers and processed data.
33. The Vendor shall then produce a final Wind Atlas for delivery to the [insert agency] and the Client in
the format of a stand-alone report, slide pack, relevant GIS layers, and processed data outputs. The
Wind Atlas report shall provide a summary of the methodology and process, references to the
previous report and data outputs, and high quality representations of the final mapping outputs,
including validated mesoscale and microscale maps as relevant.
34. A second workshop shall be organized by the Vendor at the end of Phase 3 to present the outputs to
the Client and in-country stakeholders. Following the same specifications as the Phase 1 workshop,
the Vendor shall lead in organizing the workshop and shall participate alongside any local partners
involved in carrying out the work.
3. DELIVERABLES / SPECIFIC OUTPUTS EXPECTED FROM VENDOR
35. All deliverables shall be written in [insert language(s)] and presented to the [insert agency] and the
Client in electronic format suitable for online publication unless otherwise specified. Should the
[insert agency] decide to print any of the outputs then this will be commissioned outside of this
Purchase Order.
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PHASE 1 DELIVERABLES
36. During Phase 1 the Vendor shall carry out and deliver the following:
i) Scoping and project preparation, including participation in the Inception Meeting;
ii) Mesoscale modeling, including delivery of an interim Mesoscale Wind Modeling Report;
iii) Preparation and transfer of the interim wind resource database as specified in Annex A, and
relevant GIS layers on a suitable storage medium5;
iv) Site identification analysis, including delivery of the Site Identification Report;
v) Preparation and delivery of the Phase 1 Workshop, including the training program.
PHASE 2 DELIVERABLES
37. During Phase 2 the Vendor shall carry out and deliver the following:
i) Advice on site selection, including visits to shortlisted sites;
ii) Preparation and delivery of the Phase 2 Implementation Plan, including recommendations on
proposed sub-contractors and associated costs;
iii) Preparation, implementation and supervision of the Phase 2 wine measurement campaign,
including capacity building and regular delivery of specified datasets;
iv) Preparation and delivery of Site Installation Reports for each site;
v) Preparation and delivery of Site Resource Reports after 12 and 24 months of data.
PHASE 3 DELIVERABLES
38. During Phase 3 the Vendor shall carry out and deliver the following:
i)
ii)
iii)
iv)
v)
vi)
Mesoscale wind modeling (incorporating revisions to the original model), including delivery of a
final Mesoscale Wind Modeling Report;
Mesoscale model validation, including delivery of a Mesoscale Model Validation Report;
Microscale wind modeling, including delivery of a Microscale Wind Modeling Report;
Preparation and transfer of the final wind resource database as specified in Annex A, and
relevant GIS layers on a suitable storage medium;
Preparation and delivery of the final Wind Atlas and associated outputs;
Preparation and delivery of the Phase 3 Workshop, including the training program.
TIMELINE
39. Anticipated milestones are as follows:
MILESTONE
DATE
1. RFP issued
2. RFP deadline
[insert date]
[+ 1 month]
5
The database shall be compatible with the IRENA Global Atlas data catalogue and the GIS layers shall be
compatible with OGC standard web mapping services (see Annex E for more details).
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3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
Purchase Order awarded
Inception mission
Delivery of preliminary mapping outputs
Phase 1 workshop
Revised Scope of Work agreed
Phase 2 begins
Phase 3 begins
Delivery of final outputs
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[+ 2 months]
[+ 3 months]
[+ 8 months]
[+ 9 months]
[+ 10 months]
[+ 10-12 months]
[+ 34-38 months]
[+ 38-40 months]
4. SPECIFIC INPUTS TO BE PROVIDED BY THE WORLD BANK
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Requested geospatial (GIS) data, if freely available.
The [insert agency] and the Client will facilitate links to local agencies or other organizations for
obtaining historical wind data and documentation for any previous ground-based
measurements, to be provided at no cost where possible.
Central data repository and geoserver for the long-term storage and access of all data and GIS
layers generated under this project.
Advice on the country security situation, including any relevant briefings, advice or limitations.
Guidance on the accepted political boundaries between countries.
5. SPECIAL TERMS AND CONDITIONS / SPECIFIC CRITERIA
[This section (Section 5) will be excluded from the TOR issued with the Purchase Order to the winning Vendor –
all other sections will become part of the contract]
40. The evaluation of proposals will be conducted according to a 70:30 split between the Technical and
Financial Proposals.
41. Technical Proposals will be evaluated against three criteria, as follows:
i)
The methodology, assessed according to methodological rigor of the proposed modeling
approach6, proposed plan for setting up and delivering the Phase 2 measurement campaign, the
comprehensiveness of the approach with regard to site selection, and the value added in terms
of innovative approaches, proposed output resolution and/or improvements to the TOR. [40%]
ii) The Vendor’s proposed team, assessed according to their combined and individual experience,
the strength of their identified local partner(s), and appropriate balance between roles and use
of senior/junior and international/local staff. [40%]
iii) The comprehensiveness of the capacity building plan and training activities, proposed plan for
engagement with Client and external stakeholders, and the flexibility of the Vendor in being
willing and able to respond to changes during implementation. [20%]
6
The Vendor is requested to specify the proposed resolution (≤ 5km for mesoscale modelling, <200m for
microscale modeling), data sources, data ranges, accuracy/confidence level, and geographical constraints.
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42. The [insert agency] attaches particularly high importance to the identification of suitable local
partner(s) for this project as part of the Vendor’s core team, and will evaluate Technical Proposals
accordingly. The local partner(s) will be important in: supporting the international firm(s) in
identifying in-country stakeholders; scoping out, specifying and procuring the Phase 2 Excluded Cost
inputs through local sub-contractor(s); carrying out site visits; providing quality assurance, training
and supervision; and supporting the team with in-country logistics. Vendors are encouraged to
consider the following criteria in assessing potential candidate firms for this role:
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Breadth and depth of energy sector experience, including previous engagement with
government and donor-funded projects;
Extent of the firm’s connections and networks within the energy sector, including their
understanding of government processes and knowledge of potential sub-contractors for Phase
2;
Their physical reach in terms of logistical capacity, field offices, and on-the-ground knowledge of
all relevant parts of the country;
Their track record in carrying out quality assurance, capacity building, training, and other key
components of project implementation.
43. The Vendor shall provide a Financial Proposal that includes:
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A fixed cost offer for the work specified, broken down into each of the three Phases as specified
in the Scope of Work, and by the key deliverables in each Phase;
A fixed cost offer for the optional components specified in these TOR (including each additional
data collection site over and above the number of sites specified) and/or any extensions
proposed by the Vendor as possible additions to the Scope of Work;
A breakdown of the Included Costs (non-labor) associated with the implementation of the Phase
2 wind measurement campaign;
A breakdown of the estimated Excluded Costs associated with the implementation of the Phase
2 wind measurement campaign (to be excluded from the fixed cost offer for Phase 2);
A breakdown of personnel costs by team member;
A breakdown of estimated reimbursable expenses (to be included in the headline offer);
A proposed payment schedule against major milestones/deliverables, following an initial
payment of 5% of the total Purchase Order upon signing.
44. The Vendor is required to use the special template provided for their Financial Proposal ([insert file
title]). The Vendor shall provide their offer in [insert currency preference or restrictions].
45. If the Vendor feels that the timeline proposed is unrealistic, or that meeting it will substantially
increase costs, then they should propose an alternative timeline in their Technical Proposal and/or
note any constraints on their side.
46. All travel charged by the Vendor shall be for economy class flights via the most direct route. All
travel and subsistence shall be treated as a reimbursable expense but the Vendor shall provide
estimated costs in their Financial Proposal and include this in their fixed price offer.
47. The Vendor must be willing to allow international members of their team to travel to [insert
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country] and play a full role in delivery of the project, and may assume that all such visits may be
undertaken with at least one [insert agency] representative present. Vendors are encouraged to
structure their team and Technical Proposal to transfer as much responsibility as possible for incountry site visits, training, and supervision to their identified local partner(s), with the expectation
that international members of their team will therefore be able keep their time in-country to a
minimum.
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ANNEX A: MINIMUM REQUIREMENTS FOR WIND RESOURCE MODELING AND REPORTING
IRENA is working to develop a web user interface, ideally within the existing Global Atlas, with
functionality similar to that of the Canadian Wind Energy Atlas7, and including displayable and
downloadable wind roses, wind speed histograms, directional Weibull distributions, and exportable data
in .LIB and XML formats (compatible with WAsP and other microscale software). The interface will
ideally have the ability to display maps of mean wind speeds, mean wind energy, roughness length,
elevation, land/water mask, a more general data quality index for the cell (to be proposed by Vendors),
with map overlays of main wind direction, power lines (when permissible by data providers), lakes and
rivers, roads, and cities. Administrative boundaries, protected areas etc., may optionally be available
depending on the availability of GIS datasets for the country.
The Vendor shall provide a generalized mesoscale wind climate dataset (.lib-files), where 12-directional
wind, speeds, frequencies and Weibull (A, k) parameters are recalculated to a uniform, flat land surface
with surface roughness lengths of 0.0001m, 0.03m, 0.1m, 0.4m and 1.5m for height above ground level
of 10m, 50m, 80m, 100m and 200m. This type of mapping, which eliminates orography and surface
roughness effects, allows users to search for areas with exceptional wind speeds, and use microscale
modeling techniques to compensate for local terrain features and surface roughness. The method used
must be the same as that applied in the European Wind Atlas (1989). Any proposed deviations from
these default values should be explained in the Vendor's Technical Proposal, and a surface roughness
length of 0.03m and the local validation mast top measurement height shall be included in all proposals.
In order for mesoscale modeling outputs to be compatible with mainstream microscale wind models
such as WAsP, the Vendor shall estimate Weibull frequency distribution parameters using the technique
found in the European Wind Atlas, i.e. Weibull distributions must be energy-conserving. (European Wind
Atlas. Eds. Ib Troen and Erik Lundtang Petersen. Publ. for Commission of the European Communities.
Directorate-General for Science, Research and development. Roskilde 1989.)
The choice of a ‘generic wind turbine’ selected for calculations shall be a mainstream, IEC-certified fairly
universal turbine model, shall be approved by the [insert agency] and shall be suitable for the local
climate conditions. Air density correction shall be done using the actual power curves for the wind
turbine for different air densities rather than simply using a correction proportional to air density. The
Vendor shall specify in the final report in detail which assumptions and methods (turbine power curves,
air temperatures and densities etc.) are used in these calculations, and shall alert users to probable
systematic biases in the calculations.
The Vendor shall as a minimum supply the following information for each dataset:
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Name
Abstract (brief description)
Version
Date of last revision
Period for which simulated data is available
Time zone for hourly data (UTC preferred)
http://windatlas.ca
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Spatial resolution of mesoscale modeling in degrees latitude/longitude
Spatial resolution of microscale modeling
Generic turbine specification
Point of contact information for data author:
o Name
o Role
o E-mail
For geographic data:
o Spatial reference
o Geographic bounding box
o Spatial resolution (where applicable)
The Vendor shall as a minimum supply the following GIS statistics for each mesoscale model cell:
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.lib file data:
o Geographic location (decimal latitude, longitude)
o Matrix dimensions (roughnesses, heights, sectors) = 5 5 12
o Reference roughness length vector in m
o Reference heights vector in m
o Sectorial wind frequencies and Weibull (A, k) parameters
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Additional data required:
o Roughness length used for modeling in m
o Elevation used for modeling in m
o Land/water mask for cell
o Mean annual air density for cell
o Quality/uncertainty index for mesoscale modeling (methodology to be proposed by the
Vendors and discussed between them and ESMAP in time for the first planned data
deliveries)
o Inter-annual standard deviation of mean wind speed and mean wind power based on at
least 10 years of simulations24 x 12 matrix of hourly/monthly energy output expressed
as % of annual output @ 100m a.g.l. for standard generic pitch controlled wind turbine
with 100m rotor and 3MW rated power (methodology to be proposed by the Vendors
and discussed between them and ESMAP in time for the planned data deliveries. The
proposed turbine should coincide with a turbine proposed for the microscale data,
probably the low-load per m2 rotor area turbine)
o The bidder may optionally offer a 8760h time series in addition to the matrix
o The vendor shall supply the simulated database on a suitable storage medium plus the
associated metadata. The metadata should be included in the reports on the mesoscale
modeling.
The Vendor shall as a minimum supply the following GIS statistics for each microscale model cell:
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Geographic location (decimal latitude, longitude)
Air density kg/m3
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Elevation
Surface roughness
RIX index (Bowen and Mortensen, 1996), defined as the percentage fraction of the terrain
within a certain distance from a specific site, which is steeper than some critical slope, say 0.3
(Wood, 1995). This index was proposed as a coarse measure of the extent of flow separation
and thereby the extent to which the terrain violates the requirements of linearized flow models.
RIX is worked out as an average for all sectors.
Quality/uncertainty index for microscale modeling (methodology to be proposed by the Vendors
and discussed between them and ESMAP in time for the first planned data deliveries)
12 sectorial Weibull distributions (A, k) @ 100m a.g.l.
12 sectorial wind frequencies @100m (gross annual capacity factor will be computed by ESMAP
user interface from the above data)
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ANNEX B: MINIMUM REQUIREMENTS FOR MESOSCALE MODEL VALIDATION REPORTS
As a minimum, Mesoscale Model Validation Reports shall contain the following:
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Geographical names of all the meteorology stations used for this report with footnotes
indicating the source institution for the data;
Exact geographic coordinates for the mast location;
Exact geographic coordinates for the corresponding grid center points
The sample period used and recovery rate of data (please comment on seasonal bias in sample,
if any);
The heights above ground level at which measurements were taken;
Surface roughness estimate from actual wind mast (roughness rose), if available. At least
effective roughness for each sector is required, since the wind profile is determined by upwind
roughness and roughness change;
Model-based surface roughness for cell;
Measurement-based mean annual wind speed8;
Model-based mean annual wind speed;
Percentage error (with sign) for mean annual wind speed;
Measurement-based Weibull parameters, plus the corresponding wind rose;
Model-based Weibull parameters, plus the corresponding wind rose;
Measurement-based diurnal and seasonal wind pattern;
Model-based diurnal and seasonal wind pattern;
A detailed description of the validation methodology.
A table shall be included with the Vendor’s interpretation of the data for the entire sample, to include:
mean wind speed bias in %; mean absolute error in %; RMS (root mean squared) error in %.
The Vendor shall analyze and explain deviations between model results and measurements, and in
particular indicate areas or aspects, which require special attention (systematic biases).
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Provide measurements (or extrapolations) from each height for wind measurements
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ANNEX C: MINIMUM REQUIREMENTS FOR WIND MEASUREMENT PROCEDURES
The Vendor may propose an alternative set of standards and/or methodology in place of these
requirements, but they shall provide an equivalent or better performance and bankability. Should site
conditions warrant this, the Vendor may propose additional instrumentation, e.g. for the measurement
of vertical wind speed etc. In the case of any alternative solution, the Vendor shall provide a detailed
justification.
The Vendor shall ensure compliance with the following standards:
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International Energy Agency. Recommended practices for wind turbine testing and evaluation.
11. Wind speed measurement and use of cup anemometry. Ed. 1, 1999.
Measnet. Evaluation of site-specific wind conditions. Version 1, 2009.
Measnet. Power performance measurement procedure. Version 5.
International Standard. IEC 61400-12-1. Latest edition. Wind turbines-Part 12.1: Power
performance measurements of electricity producing wind turbines.
The World Bank’s Safeguards policies, and Environment, Health and Safety Guidelines, plus any
environmental or social mitigation measures required by local regulations.
Specified requirements are as follows:
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The measurement equipment shall include a meteorological guyed lattice mast that is
climbable, with a height of 80m.
The equipment shall include an anti-fall system and must meet national and local standards for
health and safety.
The equipment shall be adequately corrosion protected to operate safely in the environment in
which it is installed. Each mast shall have a technical lifetime of 25 years.
Mast painting and lighting must comply with ICAO regulation Annex 14. The Vendor is
responsible for obtaining the necessary permits from aviation authorities.
The masts shall be adequately protected against lightning. At a minimum, we recommend a
lightning protection system with a 2m length rod extending above the main body of the mast,
one bare copper cable of 70mm2 running outside a mast leg and an adequate earthing system
shall be provided for the mast and its guy wire anchoring. If the area in which the mast will be
installed has a very high lightning frequency, it shall be specifically taken into account in the
proposed mast design e.g. using a lightning-protected top horizontal boom above any
instrumentation instead of the layout stated in point h) below. Should the Vendor wish to
deviate from these recommendations, they are required to provide a detailed justification for
considering the proposed change.
Anemometers shall measure at 20m, 40m, 60m [and 80m] above ground level (a.g.l). Minor,
documented height tolerances are allowed to allow proper equipment installation.
The mast shall have two top anemometers measuring at the same level.
The top-most anemometers shall be unobstructed by booms or other instruments and therefore
shall be mounted in a ‘goalpost’ arrangement on booms with rods extending above the main
body of the measurement mast in accordance with the IEC 61400-12-1 standard.
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Instrumentation must be first class (e.g. RISO or THIES First Class Advanced or THIES First Class)
calibrated anemometers. All anemometers must be supplied with an individual calibration
certificate. Calibration must have been performed by an accredited MEASNET laboratory and
following the MEASNET procedure.
Each mast shall have two calibrated first class wind vanes type THIES First Class, RISO Aa3590,
Vector W200P or equivalent, one located near the top anemometer level and one near the next
lower measurement level.
The tower and instrument assembly shall comply with the IEC 61400-12-1 standard. Booms and
instrument spacing and mounting shall be in accordance with or larger than required by the IEC
61400-12-1 standard.
Temperature, barometric pressure and humidity shall be measured using calibrated instruments
located at 3-5m a.g.l. Temperature shall also be measured close to the top of the mast.
The masts shall be powered adequately for proper year-round operation. Our recommendation
is for the masts to be powered by solar panels and have batteries adequate for proper yearround operation of the mast instrumentation and its aviation lights during the measurement
campaign. There shall be adequate local data storage capacity for at least one month. It should
be noted that high elevation sites may be subject to cloud cover and snow and ice in winter.
Should the Vendor wish to deviate from these recommendations then they are required to
provide a detailed justification for considering the proposed change.
Data shall be collected at minimum 1 Hz frequency, averaged over 10-minute time intervals and
shall include for each anemometer at least 10-minute mean wind speed, standard deviation,
gust, lull.
Data recovery rate from each of the sensors at each site shall be >95% over the course of the
measurement campaign. If this rate is not achieved then measurements at the affected site(s)
will be extended until this threshold is reached. Additionally, any single incident of data loss
shall not exceed 10 days. Unless the loss of data can be attributed to a force majeure event, the
Vendor will be required to collect an additional month of data for every data loss event in excess
of 10 days.
The Vendor shall maintain the mast and its equipment throughout the measurement campaign,
and inspect the mast at least every three months to verify and adjust guy wire tensioning as
necessary as well as the correct mounting and functioning of the instrumentation, notably in
relation to the required data recovery rate and continuous compliance with the IEC 61400-12-1
standard. Timer settings shall always be set to UTC time, and shall be verified during inspections.
Data download from the masts shall be done at least twice weekly and checked to ensure
against data loss, corrupted data, calibration drift, and instrument failure.
Data shall be transmitted electronically through a GSM connection (or satellite connection if
GSM coverage is inadequate, with any additional costs treated as Excluded Costs) from each
sensor. The Vendor shall utilize data logging equipment that has two way-communications
capabilities. There shall be a manual backup data collection procedure for each mast, which can
be activated within 24 hours in order to minimize data loss.
All collected data and cleaned data shall be uploaded to a data repository provided by the
[insert agency]. Data transmission (from each measurement site, and to the data repository) is
the responsibility of the Vendor.
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During the measurement campaign a historical log report shall be maintained documenting all
maintenance undertaken, date and reason for replacement of instruments, etc. The log report
shall be available online through the web site mentioned above.
The Vendor shall notify the [insert agency] by email before and after all maintenance visits and
forward the updated historical log report within seven days of the visit and upload it to the web
site.
The safe installation and operation of any wind measurement equipment, including site
maintenance and security, will be the responsibility of the Vendor or their nominated subcontractor for the duration of the project. With regard to site security, the Vendor is required to
ensure the following:
Any security arrangements put in place by the Vendor shall be proportional and appropriate.
The Vendor shall be guided by good international practice and applicable law in relation to the
hiring of security personnel (e.g. due diligence on the past conduct of the security personnel),
rules of conduct, training, and equipment provision.
Appropriate oversight and control measures of security personnel shall be in place.
Information will be made available at each site on appropriate contact persons in case of
queries or concerns.
[insert agency] funds cannot be used for the procurement of arms and ammunition, nor for the
training of security workers in the use of arms.
A Site Installation Report shall be prepared for each site upon commissioning, which shall
include, but not be limited to:
Exact location and elevation details in longitude-latitude and UTM, including coordinate system
and Datum info. There shall be GPS loggings at each anchor point or four points taken 25 m N, E,
S and W of mast. All references shall be according to geographical North instead of Magnetic
North.
Configuration drawing of the mast including mounting height of each instrument above ground,
length of booms, clearances etc.
Layout of the mast showing alignment of each boom, the North arrow and expected main wind
direction
List of instruments including brand, model and serial numbers
Pictures of mounting details of each instrument
Picture of data logger and logger cabinet
At least two pictures of the mast during uplift
Directional pictures of the area looking out from the mast position in 30° angles, starting from
straight North (0°) and moving clockwise, to be taken after mast erection
Picture of the fully erected mast including exact coordinates from where picture is taken
Picture from the mast from the bottom looking upward with North at the top
Calibration and recalibration certificates for each instrument
All data logger settings
Elevation overview map 20x20 km for site using SRTM 3-arc-second data with 20m and 10m
height contours
Elevation detailed site map 4 x 4 km, with 5m contours
Ruggedness index (RIX) for the site
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Land cover map 20 x 20 km with surface roughness zones based remote sensed data (e.g.
Google Earth, Landsat, etc.) and photos
The Site Installation Report will be made publicly available by the [insert agency] and linked to
the data repository mentioned above.
The Vendor shall propose a suitable inventory of spare parts, which shall be available for
instrument replacement at short notice.
The Vendor shall quote a separate price for replacement and MEASNET recalibration of one or
more anemometers per mast.
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ANNEX D: MINIMUM REQUIREMENTS FOR SITE RESOURCE REPORTS
Vendors shall carry out the following for the preparation of Site Resource Reports:
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Review and quality checking of measured wind data from the site and appropriate nearby longterm reference masts and/or weather model reanalysis data.
Review of calibration of anemometry (pre and post calibration for the 12/24-month study).
Correlation with long-term reference data.
Prediction of the long-term mean directional wind speed and frequency distribution for each
mast, energy-conserving directional Weibull wind speed distributions, turbulence and wind rose
(for use in mainstream microscale modeling software).
Wind shear analysis at each mast taking into account atmospheric stability.
Seasonal and diurnal variations in wind characteristics.
Prediction of the site air density.
Estimate of the uncertainty in the prediction of the long-term wind speed at each mast provided
as a value of mean wind speed standard deviation.
Estimates of extreme winds and turbulence according to IEC 61400-1.
Estimates of the equivalent mean and directional Weibull wind speed distributions for the
relevant heights above ground level corresponding to the local as well as the standardized
output assumptions of the mesoscale model (flat terrain, roughness length 0.03m)
Provide a suitable example layout with a nominal turbine type suitable for the site environment,
preferably a mainstream IEC-61400 fully certified turbine to be agreed with the [insert agency].
Estimate of the sensitivity of net annual energy production based on the mean wind speed
standard deviation, energy losses and the nominal turbine type.
Estimate of the net hourly and 10-minute energy production for the example wind farm layout
with the nominal turbine type for the period of wind measurements. The data shall be provided
in Excel worksheets including the simultaneous national load data from the associated nearby
integrated grid.
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ANNEX E: GENERAL REQUIREMENTS FOR DATA, MAPS AND IMAGES
NON-GEOGRAPHIC DATA
All non-geographic data shall be made available in the following data formats for upload to a data
repository, most likely via an Application Programming Interface (API) provided by the [insert agency]:
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.csv (csv output from an excel file or see rfc 4180 for standard format)
.xls (Excel 97 and later)
.xlsx (2007 and later)
.tsv
GEOGRAPHIC DATA
All geographic data shall be delivered as shapefiles, file geodatabases, or other accepted OGC standard
geographic formats. See http://www.opengeospatial.org/standards for a list of accepted formats.
Preferred formats are shapefiles for vector data, and GeoTiff for raster data. See table below for some
further details:
Dataset
Format
Spatial Reference
Vector
Shapefile
Geographic Coordinate System: GCS_WGS_1984
Datum: D_WGS_1984
Prime Meridian: Greenwich
Angular Unit:
Raster
Tiff, Grids, or Imagine
Degree
Geographic Coordinate System: GCS_WGS_1984
Datum: D_WGS_1984
Prime Meridian: Greenwich
Angular Unit:
Tabular
.csv, .dbf or .xls
Degree
XY coordinates must be in Decimal Degrees
All files pertaining to the map creation, such as .mxd or .ai files shall be included in the delivery of the
GIS data.
In addition to the format requirements, all geographic data provided must be accompanied by detailed
metadata as outlined in Annex A. The metadata standards are based on ISO 19115:2003 (Geographic
Metadata Standards).
IMAGES
Mapping and other images shall be supplied with a 300 dpi density and lossless compression (PNG),
suitable for professional printing. Mapping images will be reviewed by [insert agency] before going to
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publication to ensure cartographic quality and content. Images may be used by the [insert agency] for
communications purposes.
All photos shall be delivered in their original high-resolution format (raw or .jpg), preferably exif-tagged
with GPS and timestamp.
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