Napoleonic Europe 17991815
1. This map shows:
2. What lands did
Napoleon gain
by 1812?
3. Name two allies
of Napoleon.
Napoleon’s Empire
• 1799- France at war Napoleon sees need for
peace.
• 1802- peace treaty with continental Europe
not Britain
• 1807-1812- “master of Europe”
– French Empire
– Dependent states
– Allied states
– (see map)
Spreading Principles
• Within the empire- legal equality, religious
toleration, and economic freedom
• Destroy old order
• Clergy and nobility lost special privileges
Europe Responds
• Great Britain- great sea power, island country
• Napoleon attacks at Trafalgar but Britain wins
– He institutes Continental System- all Europe
agrees to blockade goods to Britain and British
goods to Europe
– European countries don’t agree and “cheat” on
Napoleon
• Nationalism
• Made it possible for the French spirit and
mass armies in support of Napoleon
• But also made them hated by controlled
countries who generated own nationalism
Fall of Napoleon
• Attacks Russia
– Russians drop out of Continental System
– Retreat, destroy, burn own country
– French follow
– By October attack at Moscow but city gone.
– Retreat to France but disaster
– 40,000 of 600,00 + return
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European states see chance
Rise up and capture defeated French army
Capture Paris 1814
Exile Napoleon to Elba
Louis XVIII restored as monarch
Final Defeat
• New king had little support
• Napoleon with supporters comes back to
France
• Army sided with him and captures Paris 1815
• Europe pledges to rid world of Napoleon
• “Disturber of the Tranquility of the World”
• Waterloo
• June 1815
• British and Prussian forces led by Duke of
Wellington against Napoleon and French army
• Defeat Napoleon and exile him to St. Helena
• (island in Atlantic)