Final Exam Study Guide
Terms to Know:
Protagonist- main character- the character the story is centered around.
Antagonist- opposing force of the protagonist
Mood- an emotion that is provoked by the words the author uses in the story
Verbal, situational, and dramatic irony- verbal- when the author says one thing but
means something different/ situational irony- the audience expects one thing to
happen but the opposite occurs/dramatic irony- when the audience knows something
that the characters do not.
Symbolism- when an object, place, person, etc.. mean more than its literal meaning
Internal/External Conflict- Internal Conflict- man vs. self/ External Conflict- man vs.
man, man vs. society, man vs. nature
Theme- main central message of the story
Epic Poem- long narrative poem, centered around an epic hero, has appearances of
mythical creatures, and it attempts to explain the unexplainable
Epic Hero- main character of an epic, possess a super human quality, endure the epic
hero cycle
In Medias Res- in the middle of the actions
Concrete Detail- fact- statistic, direct quote, paraphrase- supports the topic sentence
Commentary- opinion- explanation of the concrete detail- it explains why the CD is
relevant to the topic sentence
Topic Sentence- the main idea of the body paragraph- supports your thesis statement
Thesis Statement- states the main topics your paper is about
Closing Statement- wrap ups your body paragraph and transitions into the next
paragraph
Writing process- prewriting, shaping sheet, 1st draft, revise and edit, final draft
Myth- an anonymous story about a particular race or nation of people- attempts to
explain the origins of a nation, the world, and other natural phenomena
Epithet- adjective phrase that explains a quality of a person, place or thing
Personification- giving in animate objects human like characteristics
Hyperbole- extreme exaggeration
Imagery- words or phrases that activate your 5 senses
Invocation- introduction of the epic – summarizes the story
Onomatopoeia- words that represent sounds
Repetition- word or phrase that is repeated in a work of literature to emphasize a point
Unit 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 vocabulary words
Plot- storyline- the events in a story and the order in which they happen
Setting/Exposition- time and place, introduction of the main characters, and
introduction of the conflict
Rising Action- events leading to the climax
Climax- highest point or turning point of the story
Falling Action- events leading to the resolution and where all the loose ends are tied up
Resolution- the main conflict is resolved
Simple, Compound, complex, compound-complex sentences- simple sentence- subject/
verb- compound sentences- 2 independent clauses followed by a comma conj. or semicolon- complex sentence independent with a dependent- compound/ complex- 2
independent clauses formed together with a comma conj or a semicolon and one or both
have a dependent clause
Themes:
Civilized vs. Uncivilized with MDG, Odyssey, HG, and CA
Journey- HG and Odyssey
Revenge- CA
Love and loyalty- Odyssey and HG
Honor and pride- Odyssey and HG/ MDG
Sacrifice and good fortune- HG
Works of Literature
The Odyssey: Characters Study Character Chart- Odysseus- King of Ithaca- epic hero,
Penelope wife of Odysseus, Telemachus son of Odysseus, Poseidon- god of the sea and
he is the one who curses Odysseus for his pride, Polythemus- Poseidon’s son and
Cyclops, Circe- enchantress and turned Odysseus’ men into pigs, Calypso- goddess of
concealment and Odysseus is trapped on her island 7 years, Antinous- ring leader of the
suitors and tries to kill Telemachus in the ring, Eumaeus- sheep herder and most loyal
servant to Odysseus, Muse- goddess of epic poetry, Homer- author of the Odyssey,
Athena goddess of war and wisdom and her favorite mortal is Odysseus, Zeus- god of
thunder and lightning bolts and he is the king of all gods, Scylla is 6 headed sea serpent,
Charybdis- giant whirl pool and devours ships
Themes: revenge, love and loyalty, honor and pride
Study Odyssey Notes we took in class
Hunger Games: Characters: Katniss- main character and district 12, Haymitch- former
district 12 victor and mentor, Peeta- district 12 and loves Katniss and the boy tribute for
district 12, Gale- Katniss’ best friend and hunting partner, Clove- district 2 and career,
Cato- district 2 and career, Effie- district 12’s escort to the Capitol, President Snowpresident of Panem and he is the antagonist, Prim- Katniss’ sister and she’s good at
healing, Rue- district 11 and Katniss’ ally, Thresh- district 11 and he saves Katniss’ life
from clove, Caesar Flickerman- game show announcer, Claudius Templesmithgamemaker, Cinna- Katniss’ stylist, Portia- Peeta stylist
(Thesius and the Menataur story- interview with Suzanne Collins) Athens tries to
overtake Crete- Crete wins the attack and in response, Athens has to send 7 boys and 7
girls to Crete to compete in the labyrinth against the minotaur.
Short Story Unit:
The Open Window Characters: Vera- the little girl- Mrs. Nuttel’s niece- she scares
Frampton by telling him a lie about Mrs. Nuttel’s husband, Frampton- main characteron vacation to “cure his nerves”, Mrs. Nuttel- she is Vera’s aunt and the host of the
house Frampton goes to visit
You need to study the internal and external conflicts of the main character in this storyalso the situational irony (Use your short story test) situational irony- Frampton and the
audience believe Mr. Nuttel and his brothers are dead but at the end we find out that
they were just out hunting for the day.
Cask of Amontillado Characters: Montressor- main character of the story- takes revenge
on Fortunado, Fortunado- antagonist of the story and is killed by Montressor, and
Luchesi- minor character and a wine expert
You need to study the dramatic irony(the audience knows that Montressor is going to
kill Fortunado but Fortunado does not) of this story and know the plot- setting, rising
action, climax, and falling action.
Most Dangerous Game Characters: Rainsford, General Zaroff
You need to know the internal and external conflicts of these characters, who is the
protagonist and antagonist, also you need to know the theme civilized vs uncivilized
Rainsford internal conflict- exhaustion/ external conflict- General Zaroff, quicksand
You will be able to use a cheat index card- regular 3x5 to
help you on the exam!