Bacteria Reproduction
Asexual Reproduction
-
Offspring are identical to parent
(CLONE)
-
Carried out by Prokaryotes and
Eukaryotes
-
Simple & Efficient
-
Binary Fission and Mitosis
Sexual Reproduction
-
Offspring is created from 2 diploid
parents combining haploid gametes
-
Carried out by only Eukaryote
-
Offspring has genetic traits from both
parents (23+23=46)
-
Meiosis
Complexity and Steps
Asexual
Sexual
Simple
Complex
Not many
Many steps
Steps
where things
can go wrong
Time
Asexual
Sexual
Happens fast
Can take more
And efficient
time, many
checkpoints
Parent and Offspring
Asexual
Sexual
One Parent
two parents
One Offspring
Usually one offspring
Not much
Requires a lot
Energy needed
of energy, time
Requires
mating and competition
Genetic Diversity
Asexual
Sexual
Little to none
Can quickly
(caused by
adjust genetic
Mutations)
diversity by
(Meiosis Xover)
Cell Cycle and Timeline

Lag Phase - cells may be growing in volume or mass, synthesizing enzymes,
proteins, RNA, etc., and increasing in metabolic activity.

Log (Exponential) Phase - phase of growth is a pattern of balanced growth
wherein all the cells are dividing regularly by binary fission, depending on
environment

Stationary Phase - Population growth is limited by one of three factors: 1.
exhaustion of available nutrients; 2. accumulation of inhibitory metabolites
or end products; 3. exhaustion of space

Death phase - the number of viable cells decreases
Cell Cycle and Timeline
Binary Fission

During binary fission, the single DNA molecule
replicates and both copies attach to the cell
membrane. Next, the cell membrane extends
between the two DNA molecules. Once the
bacterium just about doubles its original size, the
cell membrane begins to pinch inward. A cell
wall then forms between the two DNA
molecules dividing the original cell into two
identical cells.
Binary Fission
Transformation

Transformation is the uptake
and expression of foreign
DNA.
• Can be
good and
bad!
Why?
Conjugation
During
conjugation, a hollow
bridge forms between two
bacterial cells, and genes
move from one cell to the
other.
 This
transfer of genetic information
increases genetic diversity in
populations of bacteria.
Conjugation
Transduction

Transduction is the process by which
DNA is transferred from one
bacterium to another by a virus.
• The virus is
known as a
Bacteriophage