Part 1: DNA, RNA, Proteins (DO NOT WRITE ON THIS PORTION)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
DNA replication is semi-conservative and results in two DNA molecules,
a. Each with two new strands
b. One with two new strands and the other with two original strands
c. Each with one new strand and one original strand
d. Each with two original strands
During DNA replication, a DNA strand that has the bases CTAGGT produces a strand with the bases
a. TCGAAC
b. GATCCA
c. AGCTTG
d. GAUCCA
During transcription, a DNA strand that has the bases CTAGGT produces an mRNA transcript with the bases
a. TCGAAC
b. GATCCA
c. CUAGGU
d. GAUCCA
What happens during the process of translation?
a. Messenger RNA is made from DNA
b. The cell uses information from messenger RNA to produce proteins.
c. Transfer RNA is made from messenger RNA
d. Copies of DNA molecules are made
Cytosine makes up 40% of the nucleotides in a sample of DNA from an organism. Approximately, what percentage of
the nucleotides in this sample will be thymine?
a. 60%
b. 40%
c. 20%
d. 10%
e. Cannot be determined from the information provided.
The DNA double helix has a uniform (same) diameter because _____, which have two rings, always pair with _____,
which have one ring.
a. Purines; pyrimidines
b. Pyrimidines; purines
c. Deoxyribose sugars; ribose sugars
d. Ribose sugars; deoxyribose sugars
What kind of chemical bond is formed between paired bases of the DNA double helix?
a. Hydrogen
b. Phosphodiester
c. Covalent
d. Metallic
8.
The strands that make up DNA are antiparallel. This means that
a. The twisting nature of DNA creates nonparallel strands.
b. The 5’ to 3’ direction of one strand runs opposite to the 5’ to 3’ direction of the other strand.
c. Base pairings create unequal spacing between the two DNA strands.
d. One strand is positively charged and the other is negatively charged.
9.
The leading and the lagging strands differ in that
a. The leading strand is made towards the replication fork, and the lagging strand is synthesized is made away
from the replication fork
b. The leading strand is made by adding nucleotides to the 3’ end of the growing strand, and the lagging strand
is synthesized by adding nucleotides to the 5’ end.
c. The leading strand is synthesized continuously, whereas the lagging strand is synthesized in short fragments
that are ultimately stitched together.
d. Both A and C
10. Which of the following is a nucleotide found in DNA?
a. adenine + phosphate group + thymine
b. cytosine + phosphate group + guanine
c. deoxyribose + phosphate group + polymerase
d. deoxyribose + phosphate group + cytosine
11. Because of base pairing in DNA, the percentage of
a. adenine molecules in DNA is about equal to the percentage of guanine molecules.
b. thymine molecules in DNA is about equal to the percentage of adenine molecules
c. adenine molecules in DNA is much greater than the percentage of thymine molecules.
d. cytosine molecules in DNA is much greater than the percentage of guanine molecules.
12. What is produced during transcription?
a. RNA molecules
b. DNA molecules
c. RNA polymerase
d. proteins
13. Which type of RNA is a copy of a gene from DNA that leaves the nucleus to the cytoplasm?
a. rRNA
b. tRNA
c. mRNA
d. RNA polymerase
14. From which molecules are mRNA molecules transcribed?
a. tRNA
b. rRNA
c. DNA
d. proteins
15. The main difference between the four nucleotides that make up DNA is that they have different
a.
sugars.
b.
uracil.
c.
bonds.
d.
bases.
16. In humans, where does DNA replication take place?
a.
cytoplasm
b.
ribosome
c.
nucleus
d.
vacuole
17. What are the main functions of DNA polymerase?
a. breaks hydrogen bonds and exposes bases
b.
holds DNA strands apart and attracts bases
c.
zips and unzips the double-stranded DNA
d.
binds nucleotides and corrects base pair errors
18. During transcription, what does messenger RNA do?
a.
It delivers DNA's instructions for making proteins.
b.
It constructs proteins out of random amino acids.
c.
It strings together two complementary DNA strands.
d.
It strings together two complementary RNA strands.
19. The central dogma states that information flows from
a.
RNA to DNA to polysaccharides.
b.
DNA to RNA to proteins.
c.
RNA to DNA to proteins.
d.
DNA to polysaccharides to RNA.
20. How many amino acids are coded for by the strand of mRNA shown below?
CGAUAC
a.
1
b.
2
c.
3
d.
6
21. The main function of tRNA is to
a.
carry a message that, when translated, forms proteins.
b.
form a portion of ribosomes, a cell's protein factories.
c.
string together complementary RNA and DNA strands.
d.
bring amino acids from the cytoplasm to the ribosomes.
22. What is the term for a three-nucleotide sequence that codes for an amino acid?
a.
base
b.
codon
c.
amine
d.
serine
23. Which phrase best describes translation?
a.
converts mRNA into a polypeptide
b.
catalyzes bonds between amino acids
c.
produces RNA from DNA molecules
d.
recycles tRNA molecules for reuse
24. Which of the following is the site of translation?
a.
vacuole
b.
lysosome
c.
nucleus
d.
ribosome
25. A codon
a. Consists of two nucleotides
b. Is found on the mRNA sequence
c. Is found in all eukaryotes, but not in prokaryotes
d. Is found on the tRNA sequence
e. Catalyzes RNA synthesis
26. A particular eukaryotic protein is 300 amino acids long. Which of the following could be the maximum number of
nucleotides in the DNA that codes for the amino acids in this protein?
a. 3
b. 100
c. 300
d. 900
e. 1,800
27. Choose the answer that has these events of protein synthesis in the proper sequence.
1. A methionine-tRNA binds to the P site
2. Elongation continues as a peptide bond forms between the new amino acid and a polypeptide chain
3. tRNA leaves the P site, and the P site remains vacant
4. A small ribosomal subunit binds with mRNA
5. tRNA shifts to the P site
6. tRNA with an amino acid comes into the A site to be attached to methionine-tRNA
a. 1, 3, 2, 4, 5, 6
b. 4, 1, 6, 2, 5, 3
c. 5, 4, 6, 3, 2,1,
d. 4, 1, 3, 2, 5
e. 2, 4, 5, 1, 3, 6
28. RNA contains the pentose sugar called
a. ribose
b. deoxyribose
c. glucose
d. aminose
e. glucose
29. A promoter (TATA box) is a
a. binding site for DNA polymerase
b. binding site for RNA polymerase
c. binding site for helicase
d. stop signal for transcription
30. What chemical bond is found between the sugar and phosphate backbone of RNA and DNA?
a. hydrogen
b. ionic
c. phosphodiester
d. peptide
31. Once transcribed, eukaryotic mRNA typically undergoes RNA splicing that includes:
a. splicing together exons
b. splicing together introns
c. splicing out exons
d. splicing both exons and introns
32. What are thd coding segments of a pre-mature of eukaryotic DNA called?
a. introns
b. exons
c. codons
d. genes
33. Ribosomes are made out of __________________________.
a. rRNA and proteins
b. phospholipids and proteins
c. glycoproteins and mRNA
d. tRNA and proteins
e. amino acids and nucelosomes
34. Which of the following are products of transcription?
a. polypeptide chains
b. mRNA
c. amino acids polymers
d. genes
e. anticodons
35. RNA polymerase moves along the template strand of DNA in the ____ direction.
a. 3’ to 5’
b. 5’ to 3’
36. Proteins are made of long chains of:
a. mRNA
b. nucleotides
c. ribosomes
d. amino acids
37. At a specific area of a chromosome, the sequence of nucleotides below is present where the chain opens to form a
replication fork: 3' C C T A G G C T G C A A T C C 5'
An RNA primer is formed starting at the underlined T ( T) of the template. Which of the following represents the primer
sequence?
a.
5' G C C T A G G 3'
c.
5' A C G T T A G G 3'
e.
5' G C C U A G G 3'
b.
3' G C C T A G G 5'
d.
5' A C G U U A G G 3'
38. During translation, chain elongation continues until what happens?
a.
No more amino acids are needed by the cell.
b.
All tRNAs are empty.
c.
The polypeptide is long enough.
d.
A stop codon is encountered.
e.
The ribosome run off the end of mRNA.
39. The figure below represents tRNA, which binds to a particular amino acid. Which amino acid would this tRNA carry to the
ribosome?
a. Gln
b.
Ala
c.
Leu
d.
Glu
e.
Thr
40. Given the locally unwound double strand above, in which direction does the RNA polymerase move?
a.
3' to 5' along the template strand
b.
5' to 3' along the template strand
c.
3' to 5' along the complementary strand
d.
5' to 3' along the complementary strand
e.
5' to 3' along the double–stranded DNA
41. Unlike DNA, RNA contains __________, which is a _____________.
a.
uracil; nucleotide
c.
thymine; pyrimidine
b.
uracil; purine
d.
uracil; pyrimidine
Part 2: DNA, RNA, Proteins (WRITE ON HERE)
1. Label the DNA strands shown below.
a.
b.
c.
d.
Label the 5’ and 3’ ends of EACH DNA polymer.
Label a phosphate group (PO43-)
Circle and label BOTH purines.
Label the bases that are not already filled in.
e. Label one of the sugar molecules
f. Label a hydrogen bond.
g Circle and label BOTH pyrimidines
h. Label a phosphodiester bond
2. Matching: Scientists (can be used more than once, but each number has ONE answer)
_____ 1. Studied pneumonia in mice
_____ 2. Studied pneumonia in test tubes
_____ 3. Discovered A pairs with T and C pairs with G
_____ 4. made x-ray defraction pictures that helped determine the shape of DNA
_____ 5. Saw that heat-killed S cells mixed with living R cells kills the mouse.
_____ 6. Determined the double helix structure of DNA
_____ 7. Won a Noble Prize for showing Watson and Crick an x-ray photograph of the DNA
_____ 8. Reported that the “transforming agent” from Griffith’s experiment was DNA
a. Avery
b. Watson & Crick
c. Hershey & Chase
d. Chargaff
e. Rosalind Franklin
f. Griffith
g. Maurice Wilkins
3. Below shows a replication fork. Label the diagram below with the following enzymes and parts: Helicase, Single
strand binding proteins (SSBP’s), Primase, DNA Polymerase, DNA ligase, and RNA primer, 3 end, 5 end, leading strand,
lagging strand, Okazaki fragments.
4. Matching: Enzymes
A. DNA Polymerase
B. SSBP
C. Helicase
D. Primase
E. DNA ligase
______ 1. Unzips the DNA using energy from ATP by breaking hydrogen bonds between base pairs
______ 2. Stablizes the single-stranded template DNA during process so they don’t bond back together
______ 3. Adds nucleotides to the DNA strands (makes new strand)
______ 4. Makes short RNA primers
______ 5. Seals the gaps in DNA by making phosphodiester bonds
5. Differences between RNA and DNA
Characteristics
Strands?
DNA
RNA
Location
Bases
Sugar in nucleotide
6. Directions: Fill in the blanks below using the given template strand:
DNA Template:
3’ A T A C G C C C A T C A T C A C T T T A C T G C 5’
mRNA sequence :
_________________________________________________________
Amino acid sequence :
(polypeptide sequence)
_________________________________________________________
Number of Amino Acids ? _______
Number of Codons ? ___________
How many nucleotides are present on this DNA template?
7. Complete the table based on the “codon chart.”
A
B
C
D
DNA
codon
mRNA
codon
tRNA
anticodon
Amino Acid
TTG
GAA
Tryptophan (Trp)
UGC
8. Answer the following based on the table above:
Moving from what column to what column is transcription for the tabel above? __________________________________
Moving from what column to what column is translation for the table above? ___________________________________
9. Directions: Fill in the blanks below using the given template strand:
DNA Template: 3’ A T A C G G T A C C T T G T A C C G C C A T A G C A T T 5’
Complementary DNA sequence :________________________________________________
Complementary mRNA sequence :_______________________________________________
(mRNA transcript)
Amino Acid Sequence sequence :_______________________________________________
(mRNA transcript)
Number of amino acids? ___________
Number of codons? __________
10. Name the parts/structures of a cell
A = __________________
B = __________________
C = __________________
D = __________________
E = __________________
F = __________________