U.S. History Review Packet
Y.G
Mayflower Compact
New England Town Meetings
House of Burgesses
• First step to colonial self government
• People deciding together what they want
(Democracy, Representative government)
• First time that Democracy principles used in
new land
John Locke
• European Enlightenment Thinker- Philosopher
• Life, Liberty, Pursuit of Property – Natural
rights
• Declaration of independence
Thomas Paine
• Wrote “Common Sense”
• Urged colonists to declare Independence from
Great Britain
• Declaration of Independence
Thomas Jefferson
• Declaration of Independence
• Urged people to fight for their life, liberty, and
pursuit of happiness
• Natural Rights
Salutary Neglect
• Great Britain did not politically interfere with
the colonies as long as they were getting
goods from them
• Natural Harbors made colonies good for
commerce
• Great Britain Benefitted from the economic
prosperity of the colonies
New England Colonies
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Good harbors, short growing season
Cold winters, short summers
Town meeting, first American College
Trade & Manufacturing
Small farms & fishing
Middle Colonies
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Tri-state area (NY, NJ, CT)
Bread
Wheat
Rye
Bread Basket colonies
Southern Colonies
• Long Summers
• Plantations, farming, agricultural products
• Good ports open year round
Mercantilism
• Power and Trade
• Raw materials and market
• Britain made money by having 13 colonies in
America
• Colonies benefit the mother country
Proclamation line of 1763
• Boundary to avoid conflict with Native
Americans west of the Appalachian Mountains
Declaration of Independence
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Boston tea party, Sugar act, Stamp act
Letter to end oppressive rule
Revolt against unjust rule
End relationship with Great Britain
Articles of Confederation
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First constitution of the U.S.
Negatives:
States had too much power
Federal Government had no power
Postive:
Allowed for a system of how territory would
become a states
Constitutional Convention of 1787
• A meeting to set up Congress
• How states would be represented in Congress
• How Congress should be set up
New Jersey Plan
• The number of Representative would be the
same
• It did not matter how big the states were they
would all get the same number of
representatives for congress
• H.O.R. (House of Representatives)
Virginia Plan
• Each state would have a representative
depending on how large their state was
• Congress (2 person per state)
Federalists
• People who wanted a new Constitution
• The old Constitution was not fair and did not
provide everyone with the same rights
Anti-Federalists
• People who opposed a new Constitution
• Feared that the government would have too
much power
• Feared that the Government would not
protect peoples rights
Great Compromise
• Settled a dispute of how the states would be
represented in government
• Legislative branch
• H.O.R + Senate= Congress
U.S. Constitution
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Supreme Law of the land
Living document
Amendment & Ratification process
Elastic Clause
Bill of Rights
• First Ten Amendments of the U.S. Constitution
• Protects Individual rights from the Federal
Government
• Was added because of the Anti-Federalist fear
of a strong Central / Federal Government
3 Branches of Government
• Legislative• Executive• Judicial-
Makes the Laws
Enforces Laws
Interprets the laws
Executive
• President – Commander in Chief
• Enforces the Laws
• Makes treaties with other countries
Legislative
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Congress
Makes the Laws
House of Representatives
H.O.R + Congress = Senate
Judicial
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Supreme Court
Interprets the laws
Determines which laws are unconstitutional
Judges have the job for life
Checks & Balances
• System that checks each branch of
Government
• Set up so that one branch does not become
more powerful than the other
Federalism
• Power is divided between the state and
federal government
• Delegated powers- Powers the Fed Govt has
• Reserved powers- Powers that the state has
Federal Government
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Reserved Powers
Declares War
Collects Income Tax
Interstate Laws
State Government
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Delegated Powers
School laws
Marriage laws
Drivers license laws
Census
• Taken every ten years in each state
• Counts that population of the state
• Determines how many people will be in
Congress for each state (H.O.R.)
• Numbers is for the Legislative Branch
Electoral College
• System that elects the President
• Need to win the majority of the electoral
votes
Unwritten Constitution
• Presidents Cabinet
• Political Parties
• Rights not written in the Constitution
Whiskey Rebellion
• How George Washington tried to pay off the
American Revolution (Whiskey tax)
• New taxes led to rebellion
• George Washington had to send the militia to
stop the rebellion
George Washington
• First President of U.S.
• Proclamation of Neutrality
• Farewell address- Urged U.S. to stay away
from European conflicts
• Stay neutral and don’t make alliances
Thomas Jefferson
• Opposed the first national bank
• Made the Louisiana Purchase while President
of the U.S.
• Louisiana Purchase was against the U.S.
Constitution
• He said it was part of the Elastic Clause
Alexander Hamilton
• Supported the First Bank
• Creation of the National Bank (Financial
Institution)
• It was against the U.S. Constitution
Mississippi River
• Provided farmers and merchants an outlet to
gulf of Mexico
• Important waterway
• Important for trade
• Water highway for trade
Louisiana Purchase
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Size of the U.S. doubles
Expansion to the Pacific
President violates constitution
U.S. gets access to ports of New Orleans
Spanish American War
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U.S. goes to war with Spain
Sinking of the Maine causes the war
Yellow Journalism (exaggeration of the truth)
U.S. obtains, Puerto Rico, Hawaii, Guam
Monroe Doctrine
Big Stick Policy
• Policy to prevent Europeans from taking more
land in U.S. and in Latin America
• Warned foreign powers to stay out of the
Western Hemisphere
• U.S. did not want outsiders interfering with
the land
• Spanish American War
Westward Expansion
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Manifest Destiny
It was Man’s God given right to go out west
East Coast to West Coast
Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean
Transcontinental Rail Road
• Railroad expanding to the West
• Cause the decline of the Plains Indians and the
Buffalos
• Chinese & Irish helped build the rail road
Chinese Exclusion Act
• Immigration law limiting the amount of
Chinese that could come to America
• Banned Chinese from coming to America for
10 years
Nativists
• Americans that hated Immigrants coming into
the country
• They feared they would take away jobs
Dawes Act
Indian Removal Act
• Dawes Act- law to try to Americanize
(Assimilate) Native Americans
• Native Americans placed on reservations
• Laws removing Native Americans from their
land
• Removed the Natives from the Mississippi
River valley area
Trail of Tears
• Forced migration of Native Americans off their
land into reservations
• President Jackson
• Thousands of Native Americans died along the
trails
Homestead Act
Pacific Railway act
• Promoted development of the west
• Land given to people to settle out west
• Caused the decline of the Plains Indians
Lewis & Clarke Expedition
• Explorers sent to find an all water route
through the west to the Pacific Ocean
• Manifest Destiny
• Westward Expansion
Gadsden Purchase
• Parts of New Mexico and Arizona that was
purchased to complete the states
• Government needed to finish building the
transcontinental railroad
Treaty of Guadalupe- Hidalgo
• Ended the Mexican American War
Eerie Canal
• Transportation route
• Helped farmers ship more grain to the eastern
part of the country
Civil War
• North Vs. South
• Union vs. Confederacy
• North – Abe Lincoln wanted to preserve the
Union
• South- Goal was to keep state rights and have
freedom to do what they pleased
Abolitionists
• People who wanted to abolish slavery
• White & Black people who wanted to end
slavery
• People who was against slavery and helped
slaves anyway that they could
Harriet Tubman
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Abolitionists
Slave
Nicknamed Moses
Underground railroad
Helped slaves escape up north - Canada
John Brown
• Abolitionists
• Led slave revolt in Virginia
Nat Turner
• Abolitionists
• Slave who led a famous revolt
• Helped slaves rebel against their masters
Harriet Beecher Stove
• Wrote “Uncle Toms Cabin”
• Novel about how slaves were treated in
America
• Book made many people angry about slavery
• Made many northerners dislike slavery
Bleeding Kansas
• Conflicts between People who wanted slaves
vs people who were against slavery
• Problems between pro and anti slavery
Abraham Lincoln
• President during the Civil War
• Goal was to preserve the Union
• As soon as he became the president the
southern states seceded (broke away)
• Gettysburg Address – Famous speech to keep
the spirits of the soldiers alive
Popular Sovereignty
Democracy
• The source of all power or authority to govern
comes from the people
• People decide what they want and what the
laws should be
• Settlers had the right to decide if slavery
would be legal in their territory
Secession
• Southern states wanted to be free and
become their own country
• Break away from the union (United States)
Missouri Compromise
Kansas Nebraska Act
• People had to decide between slave and free
state
• Issues of slavery in new territories
• Issue of representation in congress
• New territory bought because of the Louisiana
Purchase had to decide which part was going
to have slave and which were going to be free
of slaves
Dred Scott Case
• Slave who sued for his freedom
• Government could not tell people where to
take their property
• Territorial Expansion
• Slaves had no rights they were property
Fugitive Slave Laws
• A law that returned runaway slaves to their
masters
• Many slaves had to run to Canada because of
this law
Emancipation Proclamation
• Presidents Lincoln’s Policy of freeing all the
slaves
• Freeing of the slaves
13th Amendment
• Abolished slavery
• Illegal in the U.S. to have slaves
14th Amendment
• Gave citizenships to ex slaves
• Allowed the National Government to place
more restrictions on the actions of the state
governments
15th Amendment
• Voting rights for men
• Only men could vote not women
Reconstruction
• Time period after the civil war in the south
• Rebuilding of the South
• Allowing Southern states to be allowed back
into congress
• Removal of federal troops signals the end of
reconstruction
Black Codes
Jim Crow laws
• Laws that prohibited freed blacks from getting
jobs
• Laws that were set up by whites so that blacks
could not compete with white people
• Segregation laws in the south
Ku Klux Klan
• White organization that hates blacks and
other immigrant groups
• They use intimidation and terror tactics
• Nativists- People that hated immigrants
Literacy test
Poll tax
• Exams preventing blacks from voting
• Collecting money from poor black people so
they couldn’t vote
• Tactics used by white people to prevent black
people from getting rights
Sharecroppers
• What ex slaves did in order to earn money on
cotton plantations
• Cotton crops were shared between ex slaves
and plantation owners for money
Plessy vs Ferguson
• Court cases which legalized segregation in the
south
• Separate but equal was ok
• A mixed man sat in a Louisiana rail road car
was arrested for sitting in a whites only car
• Separation of races
Seneca Falls Convention
• A meeting about the Women’s rights
movement
• Dorothy Dix
• Declaration of sentiments
19th Amendment
• Right for women to vote
Industrialization
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Urban – Rural
Farm life- Factory Life
Abundance of natural resources coal & iron
Creation of cities
Pollution, Assembly line,
Child labor, Women, unsafe working
conditions
Factories
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Immigrants replaced American born Workers
Eastern Europe
Irish Immigrants
People who had skills were replaced by people
who didn’t
• Dirty unsafe, overcrowded, long hours, little
pay, no rights
Capital
• Money
• The amount of liquid assets you have
• How much money you have that you can
physically get
Capitalist
• A person who has a lot of money invested in
businesses
• Someone who begins business ventures
• A very rich person
Robber Barons
• A person who has a lot of businesses
• Term giving to capitalists who made a lot of
money
• A person who uses ruthless business tactics to
eliminate competition
• J.P. Morgan
• Vanderbilt
• Henry Ford
Social Darwinism
• Social theory that only the strong survive
• Survival of the fittest
• Big Businesses taken over smaller ones
Laissez- Faire
• No regulation of businesses
• Government does not get involved in what
companies are doing
• Government policy used during
Industrialization
John D. Rockefeller
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Oil Industry- Petroleum
Capitalists
Robber Barron
Industrialists- Monopolists
J.P. Morgan
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Bank entrepreneur
Capitalists,
Entrepreneur
Monopolists
Philanthropists
Henry Ford
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Assembly Line
Mass production of goods being built faster
Automobile
Philanthropists
Philanthropists
• A rich person who donates a lot of money to
society
• Someone who donates to different
organizations
Trusts & Pools
• Big companies working together to dominate
an industry
• Merging companies together to control prices
Monopolies
• One company has total control over an entire
industry
• When there is no competition and that
company is the only one supplying goods and
services
Immigrants
• Came from South Eastern Europe
• Irish, Germans, Chinese
• Faced discrimination by Americans called
Nativists
Irish
• Discrimination
• Settled in New York, most became Police
Officers, Firemen
• Potato famine was main reason why they left
Ireland
• First Catholic group
Factory Workers
• Immigrants with low skills replaced highly
skilled workers
• Dirty, unsafe, working conditions
Child Labor
• Children working in factories
• Low pay, long hours, unsafe working
conditions
Initiatives, Referendums, Recalls
• Allow citizens to have a direct role in law
making
• Expand voter participation in government
• Increase the powers of citizens and states and
local governments
Mechanization
Automation
• Machines doing the work that people use to
do
• Increase in production (more goods can be
produced)
Progressive Era
• Time period where all the problems of
Industrialization were going to be solved
• New regulations and new laws passed to stop
corrupt business practices
Federal Reserve System
• Regulate nations money supply
• To ensure that there is a certain amount of
money for the nation
Sherman Anti trust Act
• Law to stop big business from growing
• Law to regulate corporations
• Regulate some aspects of big business
Muckrakers
• Artists, writers, journalists who exposed the
evil and corruption of Industrialization
• Upton Sinclair, Jacob Riis
Upton Sinclair
• Wrote “The Jungle” Book about meat industry
• Focusing attention on social conditions
• Established a system for meat inspection
Jacob Riis
• Wrote “How the other half lives” book about
poverty in America
• Social Conditions poor people were facing
• Social ills of life in NYC tenements
Labor Unions
• Organizations established to help workers
• Helps workers get more rights, better working
conditions and more pay
• Government supported big bosses instead of
Labor Unions that was why they weren’t
successful
Knights of Labor
American Federations of Labors
• Labor organizations
• Organizations to help workers get rights,
better pay
• Labor Unions
Homestead Strike
Pullman Strike
• A strike against the steel company
• Pennsylvania
• Workers stopped working to get better pay
and better working conditions
Strike
• Workers refusing to work until they get what
they want
• When people working at a company stop
doing work until a company agrees to their
demands
Boycott
• Stop buying goods and services from a
business
• When people stop going to that business in
order to achieve political rights
Granger Movement
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Populist party supported them
Farmers facing hard times
Supported silver not gold
The Great Plains
Started political party to limit the power of
the railroad which controlled how much crops
they were producing
Populist Movement
• Farmers supported them
• Party that the farmers started during the
Grange movement
• Graduated income tax, direct election of U.S.
senators.
Roaring 20’s
• Good times in America (everyone was making
money)
• Prosperous times
• Flappers
Temperance Movement
• Social movement against alcohol
• People were blaming alcohol for all the social
problems caused by Industrialization
• Women and religious groups were supporting
this movement
• Women wanted equality
18th Amendment
• Banned the sale and distribution of alcohol
• A decrease of respect for the law
• People did illegal things
Organized Crime
• Mafia – Al Capone
• Corruption in Government
• Street crime went up
Harlem Renaissance
• Revival and Rebirth of Black culture
• Artists, Poets, Musicians leading a new wave
in Harlem
• Black people experiencing pride in their
background and encouraging others not to
give up
Langston Hues
• Harlem Renaissance writer poet
• Pride and hope of African Americans
Open door Policy
• Guarantee access to markets
• Force China to trade with U.S.
Yellow Journalism
• U.S. declares war on Spain
• Exaggeration of newspapers articles causing
some hate of untrue stories
Big Stick Policy
• U.S. policy on Latin American countries
• Protect economic and security interest
• Intervention in Latin American affairs
Panama Canal
• Canal that links Atlantic to the Pacific Ocean
• Built so ships could save time instead of
having to sail around the whole continent
• U.S. could move more freely through the
ocean
Great Depression
• Worst economic period in U.S. history
• WWII helped end the Great Depression
• F.D.R. – New Deal Policy
Overproduction of Goods
• Factories were producing too many goods
• People stopped buying goods because they
already had what they needed
• No limit was placed on how much was
produced in America
Banks
• Run on the banks (everyone wanted to take
out their money at the same time)
• Bad investment in stock
• Lending money to people who couldn’t pay it
back
Stock Market
• Buying stocks on margin
• Stock market crashed
• Too many sellers not enough buyers
Dust Bowl
• No rain for farmers out west
• No crops would grow no rain
• Worst period out west for Grangers (farmers)
New Deal
• Government program to help deal with the
problems of Great Depression
• Relief, Recovery and Reform
• President FDR solution to solving problems of
the Great Depression
Court Packing Plan
• F.D.R. had to replaced the Judges in order to
Get his new DEAL program to pass
This was against the Constitution
F.D.I.C.
Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation
• Government insures people money in the
banks
• If banks closed down your money is still safe
• Program to restore confidence in consumers in
dealing with Banks
Social Security
• Government program to help people in time
of need
• Program that helps, elderly, disable and
people who are retired
• Set up deal with problems of the Great
Depression
Court Packing Plan
• Judges F.D.R. placed in the Supreme Court in
order to pass New Deal Legislation
• Judges favored New Deal programs
• What the new President had to do in order to
get his program to pass through congress
Hooverville
• What central park was called during the Great
Depression
• Homeless people living, in parks and other
homemade shelters
Richard Nixon
• Watergate Scandal
• President who had to resign before he got
impeached
• Broke into Government office to look at secret
documents
• Presidential powers is not absolute (President
can’t do anything he wants)
WWI
• First World War in History
• M.A.N.I.A.C
• New technology was introduced (tanks,
airplanes, machine guns, trenches)
• Archduke Ferdinand gets assassinated starts
the war
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Militarism
Alliances
Nationalism
Imperialism
Anarchy
Causes
Militarism
• Building of armaments
• Guns, military, etc.
• Country builds up its military
Alliances
• Country that support you in time of war
• People and countries that will aid you in time
of need
Nationalism
• Strong pride in your country
• When you are willing to fight and die for your
country
Imperialism
• When a stronger country takes over a weaker
country
• Policy of taking over another country
civilization
Anarchy
• Complete Chaos
• When a government can no longer control it’s
people in society
• Corruption and a unstable government
Lend Lease Act
• Policy that gave aid and weapons to countries
that were allies
• Lending weapons and other military
equipment to countries at war
Neutrality Act
• U.S. did not want to enter a war
• Policy to keep U.S. out of war
• Policy that would avoid war
Lusitania
• Passenger ship sank by the German
• Reason why U.S. enters WWI
• Germans continue unrestricted submarine
warfare
Treaty of Versailles
• Meeting that blamed Germans for everything
• Germany had to return land and money to
allies
• Reason why WWII Begins
League of Nations
• Organization set up to deal with global
problems and prevent future wars
• U.S. did not join due to our foreign policy of
isolation and neutraility
Rationing
• Program to limit usage during WWII
• Limit amount of food and supplies people
were using to satisfy needs
• To help conserve resources for war
Wilson’s fourteen Points
• Provided aid to countries in need
• Help rebuild European countries destroyed by
war
• President Suggesting peace plan to prevent
future wars
GI Bill
• Program to help soldiers go to college after
they fought in a war
• Programs for veterans to attend college
• Program to encourage people to enlist in the
military so they could go to college
WWII
• Germany attacks Poland starts the war
• M.A.N.I.A.C
• This war helps U.S. get out of the Great
Depression
Pearl Harbor
• U.S. Navy Base in Hawaii that got bombed by
Japan
• Reason why U.S. enters war
Japanese Internment Camps
• Camps that Japanese were taken in America
after the bombing of Pearl Harbor
• Civil liberty taken away from Japanese
Americans
Korematsui vs. U.S.
• Japanese American who fought not to be
placed in the Camps
• Courts decided during time of war rights are
limited
• Action was necessary and justified because of
the War
Hiroshima & Nagasaki
• Two Japanese cities that got atomic bombed
• Atomic bombed dropped on these two cities
Manhattan Project
• Secret Project to create atomic bomb
• Scientists got together to build a bomb
• Weapon that will be used during WWII
Little Man
Big Boy
• Name of the two Atomic bombs dropped in
Japan
Nuremberg Trials
• Nazi soldiers sentenced for war crimes
• Trials of people who did unjust things during
the war
• Individuals held accountable for their actions
during war
D-Day
• All the Allies forces worked together to take
over the beach at Normandy
• Turning Point during WWII
• Allied troops land in France to take back beach
from the Germans
• Largest Amphibians attack in history
Yalta Conference
• Setting up wartime issues of the Allied powers
Women before
& after WWII
• Helped build military supplies for soldiers
• Lost their jobs to soldiers returning home
United Nations
• World Organization set up to deal with world
problems and prevent future wars
• U.S. did join
• It replaced the League of Nations
Great Society
• Presidents plan to end poverty and
discrimination the U.S.
Civil Rights Movement
• Movement to help African American gain
equal rights
• End segregation and get equal opportunities
for African Americans in the south
• Marches, Protest, Rallies, Demonstrations
• End Jim Crow laws in the South
• Have equality for black people
Martin Luther King Jr.
• African American Leader who fought for equal
justice
• Passive Resistance
• Civil Disobedience
• Birmingham
• March on Washington
• “I have a Dream” speech in Washington
Rosa Parks
• African America woman who refuse to go to
the back of the bus
• Symbol of Civil disobedience
Malcom X, Jessie Jackson
• African Leaders fighting for equal justice
• Civil Rights leaders
• Civil Rights movements
Cold War
• Capitalism vs. Communism
• U.S.A vs USSR
• Atomic bombs will be used
Capitalism
• A system where people can own businesses
• Supply and demand dictates prices not the
government
Communism
• Government takes control over all the
business and distributes everything to the
people
• Countries that were communist (USSR, Cuba,
China, Vietnam)
• Communist Reds
Iron Curtain
• An invisible line that separated East from West
Berlin
• Terminology used to describe political
conditions that divided Berlin
• Capital vs. Communism
Sputnik
• Soviet Satellite that went up to space
• First satellite in space
Berlin Wall
• Wall that divided East from West Berlin
• Symbolized oppression
• Wall separated Communism from Capitalism
Space Race
• Race to see who would be able to go to space
first
• U.S. and USSR competed to see who would go
to space first
Marshall Plan
• Aid given to European countries to rebuild
after the war
• Economic policies to aid war torn Europe
Containment
• U.S. Policy of stopping communism from
spreading
• U.S. did not want communism to spread
fought to wars to stop it
• Korea War and Vietnam War
• Truman Doctrine , Marshall Plan, NATO
Cuban Missile Crisis
• Russian missiles placed in Cuba and pointed at
the U.S.
• Cold War Crises
• U.S. stopped all boats from going into Cuba
• Almost lead to war with Cuba
Bay of Pigs invasion
• Cuban refugees trained in America sent back
to assassinate Fidel Castro
• Embarrassment of U.S. foreign policy
• U.S. denies accusation
Brinkmanship
• Policy that U.S. was waiting to go to war at
anytime during the Cold War
• Ready to fight at any minutes notice
McCarthyism
• Time when anyone could be called a
communist based on what they said or did
• Fear of Communism
Richard Nixon
• President of U.S. who broke into government
office
• Watergate Scandal
• Resigned before he was impeached
Detente
• Richard Nixon foreign Policy towards the
Soviet Union
• Easing of tension during the Cold War
Iraq War
• War to liberate Iraq from Taliban rule
• Fighting terrorism
• 911 conflict
OPEC
• U.S. dependence on foreign oil is a major
problem
• Middle Eastern countries supply oil
• 12 countries that control how much oil is
produced and what price it should be sold at
Marbury vs Madison
• Judicial review
• Separation of powers
• Rights of courts to declare laws
unconstitutional
Dred Scott vs Stanford
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Slave who sued for his freedom
Led to the Civil War
Territorial Expansion
Government has no right to tell people where
they could take their property
Plessy vs Ferguson
• Legalized Segregation in the south
• Separate but equal
• Government can’t tell business how to
operate as long as they provide adequate
facilities for everyone
• Made segregation Legal in the south
Scopes Monkey Trial
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Religion versus evolution
Science against religion
Teaching of evolution in the classroom
Separation of Church and state
Teacher got into trouble for teaching about
evolution in a southern classroom
Miranda vs. Arizona
• Rights of accused
• Miranda rights, people need to be told their
rights before they are questioned for a crime
• Mexican who got arrested and made to
confess but he was never told of his rights to
remain silent
Mapp vs Ohio
• Privacy issue of citizens
• Rights of the accused
Police can’t come into your house without a
search warrant
• Woman was arrested for possession of
pornographic materials in her home
Korematsui vs U.S.
• Japanese who fought against internment
camps
• Type of action was necessary during an
emergency
• During war time your rights are limited
• WWII- Many Japanese citizens in the west
coast were place in camps
New York Times vs. U.S.
• Freedom of Press
• First Amendment Right
• Newspaper of New York
Schenck vs. U.S.
• Freedom of Speech (Restrict first amendment
right)
• Protest against Vietnam War
Constitutional rights are not absolute
• Clear and present danger (you can’t yell out
fire and a crowded movie theatre)
Brown vs Board of Education
• Made segregation in schools illegal
• Minority Rights
• Law that allowed Blacks to be able to go to
school with whites
Roe vs. Wade
• Women’s privacy to get an abortion
• Women who got pregnant and wanted to get
an abortion
• Women’s rights movement
Gideon vs. Wade
• Rights of accused
Engel vs Vitale
• Freedom of religion
• Prayers in school
• Separation of church and state
U.S. vs. Nixon
• Watergate scandal
• Presidential powers are limited
• President who broke into Government office
looking at secret files