Database Software
Brief Description
James Brucker
Free Relational Databases
MySQL - one of the most popular
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runs on almost any OS
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"free" for non-commercial use only
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widely used in OpenSource software - "LAMP" apps
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many useful tools:
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MySQL Administrator (Windows or Linux)
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MySQL Query Browser
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phpMyAdmin
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MySQL now owned by Sun Microsystems
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http://www.mysql.com
Free Relational Databases
PostgreSQL - another popular database
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Based on Berkeley Postgres
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Open Source, can be used in commercial apps without
a licence
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Reputation as very stable and reliable

Included with Linux, widely used in OpenSource
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Has some O-O features
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http://www.postgresql.org
Free Lightweight Databases
HSQLDB - lightweight, fast database written in Java

store database in memory or on disk.
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can embed in Java application - no separate server
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don't need to install a database server or diskbased database
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can also run in server mode and access via JDBC
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very useful for development, test, and "demo" systems
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http://hsqldb.org
Free Lightweight Databases
Derby - lightweight, pure Java database
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formerly "Cloudscape", donated to Apache foundation
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very small: 2MB for database engine and JDBC driver
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only 1 user can connect at a time
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can embed in Java applications - no separate server
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similar to HSQLDB
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included with Sun JavaEE as "Java DB"
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http://db.apache.org/derby
Database without a manager
Berkeley DB - Sleepycat.com (RIP)

libraries for embedded database using the OS's file system.

No db manager, No network access, No query language.

used as data tier for LDAP, sendmail, and many Open Source
applications.

very small and fast -- faster than any relational DB with manager
for random queries and updates.

bought by Oracle in 2006:
http://www.oracle.com/database/berkeley-db/index.html

still Open Source under the "Sleepycat Public License" and
"Sleepycat Commercial License", which does not require
distributing the source code with your app.

Berkeley DB has both a C and pure Java version
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language bindings for: C++, Perl, Python, Ruby, many others
Community Edition Databases
IBM DB2 Express-C - relational DB with XML support
 DB2 is commercial, community edition is free
 much documentation on IBM academic web site
 http://www.ibm.com/university
 http://www.ibm.com/db2/express
Oracle 11g Express Edition (XE)
 leading market share among commercial databases
 XE is simpler to administer than full Oracle
 http://www.oracle.com
Commercial Databases
Databases ranked by 2006 revenue (million US$).
Source: Gartner Research (www.gartner.com)
8000
7000
6000
5000
4000
3000
2000
1000
0
Oracle
IBM
Microsoft Teradata Sybase
Other
Getting MySQL
http://dev.mysql.com/downloads/
Server and client
Query Browser,
Admin Tool
Java, ODBC, .Net, PHP
Many platforms:
Windows, Linux,
Solaris, Mac OS-X
MySQL Software
Server and Client
mysql-essential-5.x.y-win32.msi
mysql-standard-5.x.y-linux-i686-glib23.rpm
GUI Tools
mysql-gui-tools-5.0r6-platform
mysql-query-browser-1.1.17-win.msi
Connectors
Connector/J
Connector/ODBC
Connector/Net
Java JDBC
Windows ODBC
Microsoft .Net
For CPE Lab, can download from http://se.cpe.ku.ac.th/download/mysql
How to Administer MySQL
To manage a database server, you need an administrator
account and administration tool
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mysqladmin - command line tool
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MySQL Administrator - GUI tool from MySQL.com

phpMyAdmin - Web-based admin tool, open source

Webmin - another Web-based admin tool, for Linux
MySQL Administrator
Connection Window
Main Window, "Catalogs" view
phpMyAdmin
http://www.phpmyadmin.net
mysqladmin and mysql
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Useful command line tools.
Change MySQL administrator password.
Create new database.
Import data / export data.
Modify privilege tables.
cmd> mysqladmin
Usage: mysqladmin [OPTIONS] command command....
Where command is a one or more of:
create databasename
Create a new database
drop databasename
Delete a database and all its tables
flush-tables
Flush all tables
password new-password Change old password to new-password
reload
Reload grant tables
shutdown
Take server down
status
Gives a short status message from server
version
Get version info from server
Create database and tables
cmd> mysql -h hostname -u root -p
Password: ********
mysql> create database Students;
Query OK, 1 row affected
mysql> use Students;
Database changed
mysql> show tables;
Empty set
mysql> CREATE TABLE student (
firstname VARCHAR(20) NOT NULL,
lastname VARCHAR(30) NOT NULL,
id CHAR(8) NOT NULL,
birthday DATE,
PRIMARY KEY(id)
);
Query OK, 0 rows affected
Batch mode table/database creation
It is easier and more repeatable to put SQL commands in a file and
process the file using a MySQL client. For example:
cmd>
mysql -u root -p
< filename.sql
Password: ********
or while using mysql:
mysql>
Data in file:
source filename.sql
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS 'City';
CREATE TABLE 'City' (
`ID` int(11) NOT NULL auto_increment,
`Name` char(35) NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
`CountryCode` char(3) NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
`District` char(20) NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
`Population` int(11) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',
PRIMARY KEY (`ID`)
) ENGINE=MyISAM DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1;
Another Batch Example
-- create table for student data
-- use the 'UTF8' character set for Thai names
-- Jim Brucker, Jan 2006
USE test;
-- this will discard any existing data!!!
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS students;
CREATE TABLE students (
id CHAR(8) NOT NULL,
prefix VARCHAR(24) NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
firstname VARCHAR(40) NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
lastname VARCHAR(40) NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
enfirstname VARCHAR(40) NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
enlastname VARCHAR(40) NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
PRIMARY KEY(id)
) ENGINE=MyISAM
DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
Adding Data to Tables
Using Comma Separated Text files
Comma Separated Values (CSV) is a common interchange format
for text data. Used by Excel, Yahoo AddressBook, ... many apps.
"James","Brucker","jb@yahoo.com",1234
"George","Bush","president@whitehouse.gov",1111
"Santa","","claus@northpole.org",001
cmd>
mysql -h hostname -u root -p
Password: ********
mysql> LOAD DATA INFILE '/path/filename'
INTO TABLE tbl_name FIELDS TERMINATED BY ','
OPTIONALLY ENCLOSED BY '"' ESCAPED BY '\\' ;
Query OK, 499 rows affected
MySQL Users
What identifies a user?

DBMS accepts connection over a network.

"student" on local machine may not be the same
person as "student" on pirates.com
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even if "student" is the same, you may want to assign
different privileges.
MySQL identifies users as:
username@hostname
Creating a User

Easy way: use MySQLAdmin or phpMyAdmin.

Command line (MySQL 5.0):
mysql> CREATE USER 'user1'@'localhost'
IDENTIFIED BY 'secret';
mysql> CREATE USER 'user1'@'%.ku.ac.th'
IDENTIFIED BY 'secret2';
mysql> CREATE USER 'user1'@'%'
IDENTIFIED BY 'hackme';
Managing Users and Permissions

Give "guest" permission to view the World database:
sql> GRANT SELECT ON world.* TO guest;
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Allow "student" to insert/edit records in the City table:
sql> GRANT INSERT,UPDATE ON world.City TO student;
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All "student" to modify the population field of existing
countries (but not add new countries):
sql> GRANT UPDATE(population) on world.Country
TO student;
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Deny all privileges to everything to "hacker":
sql> REVOKE ALL on *.* TO Hacker;
GRANT / REVOKE Syntax
GRANT privilege[(column_list)] [, ... ]
ON { table_name | * | *.* | db_name.* }
TO user [IDENTIFIED BY [PASSWORD] 'password']
[, ... ]
[WITH with_option ... ]
privilege:
SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE, REFERENCES,
CREATE, ALTER, DROP, INDEX,
CREATE_VIEW, SHOW_VIEW
with_option
GRANT OPTION
MAX_USER_CONNECTIONS count
MAX_CONNECTIONS_PER_HOUR count
MAX_QUERIES_PER_HOUR count
GRANT / REVOKE Example
GRANT select,insert,update,delete ON world.*
TO student@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'secret' ;
student can query, insert, update, and delete records in
the world database, but he can't change the database
schema or indexing, can't grant privileges to others.
This command also creates a student user with
password secret.
GRANT / REVOKE Example
GRANT ALL ON wiki.*
TO 'wikiadmin'@'localhost'
IDENTIFIED BY 'secret' ;
Create an admin user for the "wiki" database so that you
can create tables, indices, etc.
Access allowed only on local machine, not over network.
Typical way of setting database permissions for a web
application.
Privileges you can GRANT and REVOKE
Type of Operation
View table data
Add rows to a table
Modify data in a table
Delete rows
Reference a table from another
Drop tables
Create or Alter tables
Index a table by an expression
All privileges
Statement
SELECT
INSERT
UPDATE
DELETE
REFERENCES
DROP
CREATE, ALTER
INDEX
ALL
Exercise
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Create a user named "hacker".
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Give hacker permission to view data in world.Country
and world.City, but not world.CountryLanguage.
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Give hacker permission to view, insert, update, and
delete rows in all tables in the test database.
Resources
MySQL
 http://dev.mysql.com/tech-resources/articles/dotnet/
Learning SQL
 http://www.w3schools.com/sql/
nice tutorial and command reference