CIRCULATION
PROCESS OF CIRCULATION
• Pickup and delivery
• Circulation in animals
CIRCULATORY SYSTEM
• Blood– delivers
oxygen, water, food to
cells, picks up waste
products like carbon
dioxide
• Blood vessels– where
blood travels
• Heart– a pump to
circulate the blood
TYPES OF CIRCULATORY
SYSTEMS
• Closed
– Humans, earthworms
contain blood that
travels in vessels
Open
Insects
Have no blood vessels
THE HUMAN HEART
• The heart is a MUSCLE
that pumps blood through
the body
• Has two sides, left and
right
• NOTE: THE HEART IS
LABELED AS IF THE
HEART WERE INSIDE
SOMEONE FACING
YOU
• Each side has a small
chamber on the top
and a large chamber
on the bottom
• The small to chambers
are the ATRIA
• Divided into the right
atrium and the left
atrium
• The large bottom
chambers are called
the VENTRICLES
• Also divided into the
right and left sections
• Right atrium
left atrium
• Right ventricle
left ventricle
• Notice how they are turned around
THE PUMPING TO THE
HEART
• Blood is pumped out,
when the
VENTRICLES
squeeze
• Resting heart rate
about 60-80 bpm
• After running 150
bpm
BLOOD MOVEMENT
• Structure of the heart allows blood to move
through the circulatory system in only ONE
direction
• Blood vessels in the body are called
ARTERIES and VEINS
• ARTERIES carry blood AWAY from the
heart
• VEINS carry blood BACK to the heart
FIGURE 11-4
• 1. Blood moves from veins and enters the heart’s
right and left atriums (neither chamber is
pumping)
• 2. Blood flows from the atriums into the
ventricles (ventricles are relaxed)
• 3. The right and left ventricles squeeze or contract
and push the blood into two large ARTERIES
leading to the body and the lungs
• WHEN THE VENTRICLES ARE PUMPING,
THE ATRIUMS ARE RELAXED
HEART VALVES
• Heart valves are flaps in the heart that keep
blood flowing in one direction.
• The are two sets of valves
• They are called the TRICUSPID VALVE
and the BICUSPID VALVE
• These two valves open down toward and
into the ventricles, to keep blood flowing
one way
TRICUSPID VALVE
• The Valve between
the right atrium and
right ventricle is
called the
TRICUSPID VALVE
SEMILUNAR VALVES
• These valves are located between the ventricles
and their arteries
• The valves open in an upward direction—away
from the heart
• The sound you hear (the beats) are caused by the
flaps or valves closing
• Your heart makes two sounds when it beats
• Lup- first sound bicuspid and tricuspid valves
closing
• Dup-second sound semilunar valves closing
BICUSPID VALVE
• The valve between the
left atrium and the left
ventricle is call the
BISCUSPID VALVE
HEART MURMUR
• Happens when the bicuspid and tricuspid
valves are not closing tightly. Blood is
moving in the opposite direction
• This can also occur with the semilunar
valves not closing tightly
• This is not a good situation
JOBS OF THE HEART
• Right side
• Pumps blood only to
your LUNGS
• Blood enters heart
through RIGHT
ATRIUM from a large
vein called the VENA
CAVA
• VENA CAVA is the
largest VEIN in the
body
• Blood contains no
oxygen a lot of carbon
dioxide
• Blood is pumped to
the right ventricle
• Blood is pumped into a large artery called
the PULMONARY ARTERY
• This artery carries blood away from the
heart to the lungs
• The pulmonary artery divides in two,
because we have 2 lungs
• Blood enters both lungs and picks up
oxygen, loses carbon dioxide (color of
blood will be bright red)
• Blood returns to heart through
PULMONARY VEINS
• PULMONARY VEINS carry blood from
the lungs to the left side of the heart
• Total travel time 10 seconds
LEFT SIDE OF HEART
• Left side of the heart pumps blood to all
parts of the body.
• Blood, rich in oxygen arrives at the left
atrium
• Blood is pumped into the left ventricle
• Blood is then pumped into the bodies
largest artery THE AORTA
THE AORTA
• The AORTA carries blood away from the
left side of the heart
• It branches off and goes to the head and the
rest of the body
• Finally, blood returns to the right side and
the process begins again
JOBS OF THE BLOOD
• Carry two gasses, oxygen and carbon
dioxide
• Blood passes through lungs, picks up
oxygen delivered to all body cells
• Carbon dioxide is produces as a waste
product of body cells
• Blood picks up carbon dioxide and drops it
off at the lungs
• Blood in the right side of the heart high in
carbon dioxide
• Blood in left side of heart high in oxygen
BLOOD VESSELS
• Tube-like structures through which blood
moves
• 96,000 km of blood vessels in your body,
enough to circle the globe 2.5 times if they
were placed end to end
ARTERIES
•
•
•
•
Carry blood AWAY from the heart
AORTA
PULMONARY ARTERY
Round and have thick walls made of muscle cells.
The aorta can be as large as a garden hose
• Carry blood under high pressure
• When you feel your pulse, you are feeling the
blood moving through your arteries
VEINS
•
•
•
•
•
•
Carry blood back to the heart
VENA CAVA
PULMONARY VEIN
Less muscular
rather flat in shape
Veins in arms and legs, have on way valves in
them
• Carry blood under low pressure
CAPILLARIES
•
•
•
•
Narrow vessels
Smallest blood vessel
Walls are one cell thick
More of this type in your body than any
other
• All pickup and delivery happens here
PROBLEMS WITH
CIRCULATORY SYSTEM
•
•
•
•
•
•
High blood pressure
Hypertension
Heart attack
Stroke
Arteriosclerosis
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