Variations in Consciousness

Don’t forget to write your answers on a separate piece of paper to grade when you’re done!
1. As you are reading this question, you are probably not thinking about what you ate for lunch. The memory of what you ate for lunch is most likely in your a) nonconscious b) preconscious c) unconsciousness d) sensory memory

2. Traveling in a jet plane from California to
New York is most likely to a) disrupt your circadian rhythms b) prevent the onset of REM sleep c) stimulate your parasympathetic nervous system d) induce delta brain waves

3. According to psychodynamic psychologists, the unconscious a) processes information of which you are unaware b) includes unacceptable feelings, wishes, and thoughts c) is characterized by loss of responsiveness to the environment d) is synonymous with the preconscious

4. Which of the following two sleep disorders occur most commonly?
a) insomnia and narcolepsy b) apnea and narcolepsy c) somnabulism and night terrors d) insomnia and apnea

5. “Humans developed a unique waking-sleep cycle that maximized our chances of survival,” is a statement most typical of a) developmental psychologists b) physiological psychologists c) sociologists d) evolutionary psychologists

6. Which has enabled psychologists to learn the most about sleep processes over the last 50 years?
a) psychopharmacology b) lesions c) EEGs d) CT scans

7. Which stage of sleep is characterized by brain waves with sleep spindles?
a) stage 1 b) stage 2 c) stage 3 d) stage 4

8. Nightmares most frequently occur during a) stage 2 b) stage 3 c) stage 4 d) REM

9. During paradoxical sleep, muscles seem paralyzed and a) eyes dart about in various directions b) breathing slow and shallow c) night terrors are likely d) sleepwalking occurs

10. Consciousness includes awareness of a) external events only b) internal sensations only c) self only d) external events, internal sensations, and self

11. Opiates such as morphine and heroin have a capacity to a) alleviate pain b) improve memory c) enhance sensory awareness d) do all of these things

12. Which of the following does NOT belong with the other three?
a) omega b) theta c) alpha d) delta

13. Of the following, which pair of psychoactive drugs shares the most similar effects on the brain?
a) alcohol—marijuana b) caffeine—morphine c) nicotine—heroine d) amphetamines—cocaine

14. Meditation has its roots in a) early Christianity b) Eastern religions c) transcendental psychology d) the scientific study of the relaxation response

15. According to recent research, we are MOST likely to fall asleep a) as our body temperature begins to drop b) when it gets dark c) when our body temperature stabilized at normal d) as our body temperature begins to climb

1. B
2. A
3. B
4. D
5. D
6. C
7. B
8. D
9. A
10. D
11. A
12. A
13. D
14. B
15. A

 One of the following essay questions will appear on your test, be familiar with all of them!!

 Compare REM and NREM sleep with respect to EEG activity, muscular activity, and cognitive activity.

 Describe the effects of complete, partial, and selective sleep deprivation. What, if anything, do these effects tell us about why we sleep?

 What do people tend to dream about, and what theories have been proposed to explain why people dream at all?


Compare and contrast the “role-playing” and
“altered state” views of hypnosis.

 Make sure to double check all of your answers and study them for the upcoming exam.
Remember, AT LEAST FIVE of the questions from this quiz will make some sort of appearance on the chapter test along with one of the essay questions.
 Take advantage of this study guide and good luck on your test!