Plants evolve from green alga and endosymbiosis
Must be able to protect yourself from loosing water.
Sporopollein helps keep the water inside
Green alga have chloroplast but does not have a cell wall
The first thing plants will do is mitosis, then it turns into a sporopyhate,
Zygote (2n), does mitosis, sporophyte (2n), meiosis, spores, mitosis, gametophyte, mitosis,gametes,
then fertilization happens and the cycle happens again.
In the seed cycle the zygote is inside the seed.
In moss the male cannot do it’s thing that it why they need the female to do it
Vascular tissue- xylem or phylum
Non-vascular tissue- brophyates, moss plants
Gametophor
Happening inside the female gametophyte
Sorus
Xylem has to bring water up. The tissue is meant to take water up
Lignin a polymer produced by the traced cell
Phloem- move food down, so we need larger tubes
Plant Diversity 1: How Plants Colonized Land (29) They evolved from Green Algae Morphological and Moleuclar
Evidence: Green Algae and Plants relate Cellulose Peroxisome enzymes Flagellated sperms Formation of a
phragmoplast: two nucleus are pinched apart Adaptations Enabling the Move to Land: Sporopollenin: layer
around the cell that help prevent the loss of water in plants Derived Traits of Plants: Derived from some protists
Zygote 2n -> Mitosis -> Sporophyte 2n -> Meiosis -> Spores n -> Mitosis -> Gametophyte n -> Mitosis ->
Gametes n -> Fertilization and back to zygote Moss Fern Seed (zygote is inside the seed) The cuticle: covering,
which consists of polyester and wax polymers Vascular plants: Bryophytes Lycophytes (moss) Pterophytes
(ferns): seedless vascular plants Grade: a collection of organisms that share a common level of organisms
Protonema: thick filament Gametophore: gamete-producing structure Rhizoids: something that isn't a vascular
structure, but it looks like roots (anchoring in the environment) Bryophytes sporophytes: Foot Peristome Stomata:
pores to allow gases to be exchanged Ferns: Frond is the adult sporophyte Has sorus (sori for plural)
Prothalamus: Vascular Tissues: Xylem: brings water up Trachieds: tube-shaped cells Use capillary action
because there are lesser pressure on the hole of the capillary Lignin: water-conducting cells; their cell walls are
strengthened by the phenolic polymer lignin. Polymers produced by the tracheid cells. Phloem are bigger tubes;
flowing of food; generally moves down Food flow in the phloem Evolution of Roots: From rhizoids Function:
anchoring the plant to the substrate Transport and absorption of water Evolution of Leaves: Microphyll: small
bumps in stems; precursor of stems Megaphyll: bigger bumps which leads to blades; precursor of leaves Leaf
Sporophylls and Spore Variation: Sporophylls: precursor of stroboli Stroboli: cone-like structures Homosporous:
one type of sporangium Heterosporous: two types of sporangia and produces two kinds of species Megasports:
evolved to become females Microspores: develop into male gametophytes The Signifianec of Seedless Vascular
Plants: Formed carpet of green mass After vascular plants came, it led to forests