STANDARD(S) ADRESSED:
11.4 Students trace the rise of the United States to
its role as a world power in the twentieth century.
LESSON OBJECTIVES/ GOALS/ SWBAT
1. Contrast American opinions regarding the
Cuban revolt against Spain.
2. Identify events that escalated the conflict
between the United States and Spain.
3. Trace the course of the Spanish-American
War and its results.
Section 2
The Spanish-American
War
In 1898, the United States goes to war to help
Cuba win its independence from Spain.
NEXT
SECTION
2
The Spanish-American War
Cubans Rebel Against Spain
American Interest in Cuba
• U.S. long interested in Cuba; wants to buy Cuba
from Spain
• During 1868–1878 war for independence,
American sympathies with Cuba
• 1886 abolition of slavery leads to U.S. investment
in sugar cane
NEXT
SECTION 2: THE SPANISH
AMERICAN WAR
• America had long held an
interest in Cuba
• When Cubans
unsuccessfully rebelled
against Spanish rule in the
late 19th century, American
sympathy went out to the
Cuban people
• After Spain abolished
slavery in Cuba in 1886,
Americans invested millions
in Cuban sugar
Cuba is just 90 miles south
of Florida
Chapter 10 Section 2
Guided Reading: Causes
• American
business owners
–Urged US
intervention to
protect
American
Business
interest in Cuba.
SECTION
2
The Spanish-American War
Cubans Rebel Against Spain
The Second War for Independence
• José Martí—poet, journalist—launches second
revolution in 1895
• Guerrilla campaign destroys American-owned
sugar mills, plantations
• U.S. public opinion split:
- business wants to support Spain
- others favor Cuban cause
NEXT
CUBA’S SECOND WAR FOR
INDEPENDENCE
Marti
• Anti-Spain sentiment in
Cuba soon erupted into
a second war for
independence
• Led by poet Jose Marti,
Cuba attempted a
revolution in 1895
• Marti deliberately
destroyed property,
including American
sugar plants, hoping to
provoke American
intervention
Chapter 10 Section 2
• A – Why did José Martí encourage Cuban
rebels to destroy sugar mills and
plantations?
– Marti hoped to provoke the United States into
helping Cuba win independence from Spain.
Chapter 10 Section 2
Guided Reading: Causes
• Jose Marti
–Provoked US intervention by
deliberately destroying Americanowned sugar mills and plantations.
SECTION
2
War Fever Escalates
Spain Takes Action
• 1896, General Valeriano
Weyler sent to Cuba to
restore order
• Puts about 300,000 Cubans in
concentration camps
Continued . . .
NEXT
Concentration Camps in Cuba
Chapter 10 Section 2
Guided Reading: Causes
• Valeriano Weyler
–Took harsh actions against the
Cuban people, including forcibly
removing them to camps, where
thousands died.
SECTION
2
War Fever Escalates
Headline Wars
• Newspapers exploit
Weyler’s actions in
circulation war
• Yellow journalism—
sensational writing
used to lure, enrage
readers
Continued . . .
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WAR FEVER ESCALATES
• Newspaper
publishers William
Randolph Hearst
(New York
Journal) and
Joseph Pulitzer
(New York World)
exaggerated
Spanish atrocities
and brutality in
“Headline Wars”
Political cartoon: Pulitzer (left) and Hearst
escalating and instigating war between
the U.S. and Spain
Chapter 10 Section 2
Guided Reading: Causes
• Yellow Journalism
–Encouraged the American public to
sympathize with Cuban rebels and
the war.
SECTION
2
continued
War Fever Escalates
The de Lôme Letter
• Headlines increase American sympathy for
independent Cuba
• McKinley wants to avoid war, tries diplomacy to
resolve crisis
• Private letter by Spanish minister Enrique
Dupuy de Lôme published
- calls McKinley weak, swayed by public
• Spain apologizes, de Lôme resigns; American
public angry
NEXT
Chapter 10 Section 2
• B – What events increased the tension
between the United States and Spain?
– Publication of the de Lome letter, which
criticized President McKinley,
– and the exploitation of the USS Maine, which
many Americans blamed on Spain.
Chapter 10 Section 2
Guided Reading: Causes
• De Lome Letter
–angered the American public
because of its criticism of President
McKinley
SECTION
2
continued
War Fever Escalates
The U.S.S. Maine Explodes
• U.S.S. Maine sent to pick up U.S. citizens,
protect U.S. property
• Ship blows up in Havana harbor; newspapers
blame Spain
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U.S.S MAINE EXPLODES
Before
After
• Early in 1888, President
McKinley ordered the
U.S.S. Maine to Cuba in
order to bring home
American citizens in
danger
• On February 15, 1898
the ship blew up in the
harbor of Havana
• More than 260 men
were killed
The Maine Explodes
Unknown artist , 1898
Notice the men flying
dramatically through
the air
WAR ERUPTS WITH SPAIN
• There was no holding back those that wanted war with
Spain
• Newspapers blamed the Spanish for bombing the U.S.S.
Maine (recent investigations have shown it was a fire
inside the Maine)
• “Remember the Maine!” became a rallying cry for U.S.
intervention in Cuba
Chapter 10 Section 2
Guided Reading: Causes
• USS Maine
–Led to the widespread support for
war;
–Led McKinley to ask Congress for a
declaration of war
Chapter 10 Section 2
• C – How did the Spanish try to avoid war
with the United States?
– The Spanish agreed to all of the demands of
the United States, including a six month
cease fire.
SECTION
2
War with Spain Erupts
The U.S. Declares War
• Spain agrees to most U.S.
demands, public opinion
still favors war
• U.S. declares war April
1898
Continued . . .
NEXT
America bring a better life to the less
fortunate.
SECTION
2
War with Spain Erupts
The War in the Philippines
• First battle with Spain occurs in Spanish colony of the Philippines
• Commodore George Dewey destroys Spanish fleet in Manila
harbor
• Filipinos, led by Emilio Aguinaldo, support Dewey
• August 1898, Spanish troops in Manila surrender to U.S.
Continued . . .
NEXT
Chapter 10 Section 2
Guided Reading: EFFECTS
• Cuba
– Achieved independence from Spain
• Puerto Rico
– Went from Spanish rule to American rule
• Guam
– Went from Spanish rule to American rule
• Philippine Islands
– Sold by Spain to the United States; Annexed by the
US
Chapter 10 Section 2
• Why was American opinion about Cuban
independence divided?
– Many business people wanted the govt to
support Spain in order to protect their
investments.
– Others were enthusiastic about the rebel
cause.
SECTION
2
continued
War with Spain Erupts
The War in the Caribbean
• U.S. blockades Cuba; Spanish fleet in Santiago
de Cuba harbor
• Unlike navy, U.S. army has small professional
force, many volunteers
- volunteers ill-prepared, ill-supplied
Continued . . .
NEXT
SECTION
2
continued
War with Spain Erupts
Rough Riders
• Rough Riders—Leonard Wood, Theodore
Roosevelt lead volunteer cavalry
• Roosevelt declared hero of attack on strategic
San Juan Hill
• Spanish fleet tries to escape blockade, is
destroyed in naval battle
• U.S. troops invade Puerto Rico soon after
Continued . . .
NEXT
THE WAR IN THE CARIBBEAN
• A naval blockade of Cuba
was followed by a land
invasion highlighted by
Roosevelt’s Rough Rider
victory at San Juan Hill
THE WAR IN THE CARIBBEAN
• Next, the American
Navy destroyed the
Spanish fleet and
paved the way for
an invasion of
Puerto Rico
(Spanish colony)
SECTION
2
continued
War with Spain Erupts
Treaty of Paris
• Spain, U.S. sign
armistice August
1898; meet in
Paris to make
treaty
• Spain frees Cuba;
hands Guam,
Puerto Rico to
U.S.; sells
Philippines
NEXT
U.S. WINS; SIGNS TREATY OF
PARIS
• The U.S. and Spain signed
an armistice on August 12,
1898, ending what
Secretary of State John Hay
called “a splendid little
war”
• The war lasted only 16
weeks
• Cuba was now independent
• U.S. receives Guam, Puerto
Rico, and “bought” the
Philippines for $20 million
Treaty of Paris, 1898
SECTION
2
continued
War with Spain Erupts
Debate over the Treaty
• Treaty of Paris touches off great debate over
imperialism
• McKinley tries to justify annexation of Philippines
on moral grounds
• Opponents give political, moral, economic
arguments against
NEXT
Chapter 10 Section 2
• D – What were the terms of the Treaty of
Paris?
– Spain freed Cuba and turned over the islands
of Guam and Puerto Rico to the US.
– Spain also sold the Philippines to the US for
$20 million
Chapter 10 Section 2
• Briefly describe the terms of the Treaty of
Paris of 1898.
– Cuba – becomes independent
– Puerto Rico - became a US TERRITORY
– Guam - became a US TERRITORY
– Philippine Islands – became a US
TERRITORY