• Page 27 #1-3
• How Far had Japan achieved world power
status by 1914?
• One list containing evidence that it had
• One list it had not
• Page 24-27
Japan before 1871
1853 – Commodore Matthew
Perry
“Opens Up” Japan to Western
Trade!
Tokugawa Isolation
• Prior to the arrival of Matthew Perry of the
U.S. in 1854 Japan had been isolated for
200 years.
• In 1500’s Europeans had tried to trade
with Japan however the Shoguns had
gained control of Japan and banned
contact with almost the entire outside
world.
What Did the U. S. Want??
.

.
.
Perry’s “Black
Ships”
Commodore Matthew Perry
• In 1854 Perry gave Japan
a letter asking them to
open trade with the U.S.
• Americans and
Europeans wanted both
to open trade with Japan
and also use Japanese
ports to repair and
resupply their ships.
The Treaty of Kanagawa - 1854
Treaty of Kanagawa
• The Treaty had a powerful impact on Japan.
• It weakened the power of the shogun who some
Japanese felt had given in to foreigners.
• It showed that for for Japan to compete with the west
that Japan had to modernize and industrialize.
• The Japanese rebelled against and overthrew the
Shogun, restored the emperor, and began to
modernize and industrialize.
Japan Learns a Lesson!
In 1862, just before the start of the
Meiji period, Tokugawa sent officials and
scholars to China to study the situation
there. A Japanese recorded in his diary
from Shanghai…
China’s “Unequal Treaties”

After the Opium War of 1839-1842,
Japan was convinced that it had to Open Up
to the West.
European merchants had already seized large
parts of China and had imposed their own laws
there. To avoid the same fate, the people of
Japan demanded for the restoration of the
emperor instead of the shogun as the leader of
Japan.
By 1869
Emperor Mutsohito
and his Meiji
government set
about modernizing
and uniting Japan
under one
government in order
to resist imperial
powers.
Rapid modernization and military
development
The Japanese modeled their education system,
form of government, and military after the
West. Mines, iron foundries, factories and
shipyards quickly developed. Some of these
became private enterprises (Mitsubishi
shipyards).
The Emperor Is “Restored” to
Power
MEIJI  “Enlightened Rule”
Newspaper Cartoon, 1870s?
Enlightened
Half-Enlightened
Un-Enlightened
Modernization by
“Selective
Borrowing”
Start by leaving
Japan & studying in
various Western
capitals.
 End by returning to
Japan and becoming a
prominent government
official.
European
Goods
 Europe began to
“loom large” in
the thinking of
many Japanese.
 New slogan:
The Japanese Became Obsessed
with Western Styles
Civilization and Enlightenment!
Everything Western Was
Fashionable!
Everything Western Was
Fashionable!
Japanese soldiers with their wives.
The Rulers Set the Tone
with Western Dress
Emperor Meiji
Empress Haruko
(1868- 1912)
Changing Women’s
Fashions
1900 Styles
The First
“Miss Japan”
(1908)
2.
1.
9.
3.
Meiji
Reforms
8.
4.
5.
7.
6.
• 1/3 of the national budget was spent on the army
and navy and military service was compulsory for
all adult males. Children were taught to be
patriotic and the Shinto religion was revived (belief
that the emperor descended from a god). Japan
became an imperial power in its own right.
• The Chinese empire was shrinking which provided
the opportunity for Japan to test its military
strength. The Japanese army overran Korea,
Manchuria and parts of China.
Sino-Japanese War: 1894-1895
The Meiji Emperor was in Hiroshima during the
Sino-Japanese War
Japan as a Global Power
• Sino-Japanese War
• 1894-1895
• Japan tries to expand into
Korea.
• China goes to war with
Japan over Korea.
• Japan quickly wins the war
• Japan gets Taiwan, ports in
China, and Korea becomes
a protectorate of Japan.
Soldiers on the Battlefield
During the Sino-Japanese War
The Treaty of Shimonoseki ended the war.
Japan gained Formosa and Port Arthur.
Korea was declared free of Chinese
Japan was not the only one with an interest in China.
France, Russia, and Germany had interests there as
well. Russia wanted Port Arthur as an “ice-free” port
to expand its influence in Asia. All three European
nations forced Japan to give it up to Russia. Japan
decided to build up its navy and wait for an
opportunity for revenge.
The Russo-Japanese War:
1904-1905
The Battle of Tsushima:
The results startled the world!
• Russia occupied all of Manchuria which was a
threat to British interests in East Asia. They both
signed the Anglo-Japanese Alliance which was an
agreement to remain neutral if either country was
involved in war.
• Japan was ready to recognize Russian rights in
Manchuria for rights in Korea. The Russians
refused to negotiate and then invaded Korea.
Japan attacked an unprepared Russian fleet.
• The Japanese took control of the seas and once
Port Arthur was taken the Japanese moved into
Manchuria forcing the Russian troops to retreat.
• While the Russians were sailing through the North
Sea, they mistakenly fired upon British fishing
ships. Through diplomatic negotiations, the two
countries avoided war, but Britain refused the
Russians to use the Suez Canal forcing them to
travel around Africa to get to Japan.
• The Russian and Japanese ships finally faced each
other, but the slow-moving and outdated Russian
ships could not compete with the modern Japanese
ships.
• Facing humiliation and a revolution in Russia, Czar
Nicholas II signed the Treaty of Portsmouth with
Japan. Russian influence ended in Manchuria and
Japan’s rights in Korea were officially recognized.
President Teddy Roosevelt
Mediates the Peace
The Treaty of Portsmouth, NH ended the
Russo-Japanese War.
Japan as a Global Power
•
Russo-Japanese War
•
•
•
•
•
•
1904-1905
Both Japan and Russia have
interest in Korea.
Russia refuses to recognize
Japan’s rights to Korea.
Japan launches a surprise attack
against the Russians destroying
the Russian navy and driving the
Russian troops out of Korea.
Russia is forced to withdraw from
Korea
Japan is seen as a major military
power with the defeat of a
European nation
Japan Annexes Korea
Japan Is a Player in China
• Japan had developed into a modern, industrial
country with the military capacity to defeat a
major European power.
But, Japanese Power Would Grow . . .
Japan as a Global Power
• Results of Imperialistic Japan
• Japan borrowed many western ideas to become a
modern and industrialized nation.
• Japan quickly establishes itself as a strong military
power.
• Japan needs to continue to colonize to keep raw
materials coming in and finished products going out
of the country.
Japan’s Industrial Revolution
v
Europe’s Industrial Rev
• Japan
• Japan’s Ind. Rev only
took about 30 years
because they
borrowed everything
• Private corporationsWealthy class
• Urbanization
• Need for raw
materials
• Europe
• Europe’s industrial
Rev. a century because
they had to invent
everything
• Private CorporationsWealthy class
• Urbanization
• Need for raw
materials