Monday, August 10th
• As you come in, grab a SAFETY
COMPETITION sheet off the front table.
• Please read through the instructions. I
will answer more questions soon:)
• IF YOU HAVE PAPER WORK TO TURN IN
FIND YOUR CLASS BASKET IN THE FUME
HOOD!
CLASS
BASKET
1st
PURPLE
2nd
GRAY
3rd
BLUE
4th
PINK
5th
GREEN
7th
ORANGE
Do I know everything about this
class?
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•
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•
•
•
•
•
•
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Pencil sharpener
Paper
Turn in Basket
Dress Code
Technology Usage
Emergency Procedures
Student Storage Shelfs
Tape Storage
Trashcans
Sinks
Entrances/Exits
Lab Safety Competition
• In your group you will be given 8 scenarios.
• There are 13 rules that could possibly match each
scenario.
• As your group reads through each scenario, try & match
the correct rule that goes with it, sometimes there can be
more than 1 that matches
• RECORD ON YOUR TABLE, everyone in the group must
have recorded the answers in the table.
• Once your group thinks that you have it all right, call me
over (politely) to get approved to move on to the next
phase in the competition.
• First group to win gets a freeze pops!!
Lab Safety test
You must make a 100 in order to be considered passing
You can retake it as many times until you pass
Tuesday, August 11th
IF YOU HAVE PAPER
WORK TO TURN IN
FIND YOUR CLASS
BASKET IN THE
FUME HOOD!
• As you come in, please make sure to grab a,
GRAPHING INSTRUCTIONS SHEET, a calculator
and a ruler off the demo table.
• Start reading the GRAPHING INSTRUCTIONS
SHEET. You will have 15 minutes to finish reading
starting when the bell rings. After you finish reading,
define the highlighted terms in your vocab section
of your spiral. Title the page: “Graphing Vocab”
Graphing
• Why even?
• Tools to use: A PENCIL AND AN ERASER
• Terms to know:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Independent Variable
Dependent Variable
Scales of each variable
Legend
Axis
• Plotting your data points
• Care
Follow up Questions:
1. What are 5 major components of a
graph?
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
2. How do you define the range/scale
of a graph?
The Effect of Gib. Hormone on Corn Plant Height
Practice
120
112
104
96
Average Height (cm)
88
80
72
64
56
48
40
32
24
16
8
0
0
0.13
0.26
0.39
0.52
0.65
0.78
0.91 1.04
1.17
1.3
1.43
1.56
1.69 1.82
Micrograms of Gib. Hormone (ug)
1.95
2.08 2.21
2.34
Wednesday, August 12th
• DO NOT TOUCH ANYTHING AT THE LAB STATIONS!
• As you come in, pick up a
Metric System Lab.
• Get out your graphing packet from yesterday and your
spiral!!!!
LAB SAFETY TEST
FIRST THING
THURSDAY!!
We will review
before the test!!
The Effect of Gib. Hormone on Corn Plant Height
Practice
120
112
104
96
Average Height (cm)
88
80
72
64
56
48
40
32
24
16
8
0
0
0.13
0.26
0.39
0.52
0.65
0.78
0.91 1.04
1.17
1.3
1.43
1.56
1.69 1.82
Micrograms of Gib. Hormone (ug)
1.95
2.08 2.21
2.34
Lab Safety Practice / Metrics Intro
• We will be completing a station lab today to help introduce the metric
system.
• What is the metric system?
Place Value of Metric Prefixes
Things to remember at Lab
• You must plug the scale into the lab table to make it work, the socket
must have a green light, push in the “trip” button if it does not have a
green light
• How to read a graduated cylinder…
• Types of rocks & their uses
• What to do when you are done with the
rocks
test tubes
Beakers
Lab
Thursday, August 13th
• As you come in, please make sure
you have a pencil to take your
lab safety test with & grab a
BUBBLE SHEET from the desk.
• We will be taking notes on
microscopes after our test.
• Complete the bell work on the
right in your graphing packet,
this is problem #2
Graphing
Practice
BELLWORK!!!
The rate of respiration of a freshwater sunfish was determined at
different temperatures. The rate of respiration was determined by
counting the number of times the gill covers of the fish opened
and closed during 1 minute intervals at the various temperatures.
The following data were collected.
The Effect of Temperature on Gill Cover Opening/Closing
Practice
37.5
35
Gill Cover Opening/Closing Per Minutes
The rate of respiration of a freshwater
sunfish was determined at different
temperatures. The rate of respiration was
determined by counting the number of
times the gill covers of the fish opened
and closed during 1 minute intervals at the
various temperatures. The following data
were collected.
32.5
30
27.5
25
22.5
20
17.5
15
12.5
10
7.5
5
2.5
0
0
1.8
3.60
5.4
7.2
9.00
10.8 12.7 14.5
16.3 18.1
Temperature (C)
19.9
21.7
23.5
25.3
27.1 28.9
30.7
Lab Safety
• What do you do if you want to smell a chemical?
• Where can you find the fire extinguisher/blanket?
• What does the black panic button do?
• What types of shoes should you wear?
• What do you do when you enter the room?
• What do you do when you cut your hand?
• What do you do when you break glassware?
• How do you heat-up a test tube?
• What do you do if your equipment isn’t working correctly?
1
Circa 1000AD –
The first vision aid
was invented
(inventor unknown)
called a reading
stone. It was a glass sphere that
magnified when laid on top of reading
materials.
2
1590 – Two Dutch eye glass makers,
Zaccharias Janssen and son Hans Janssen
•
•
Zacharias Jansen
1588-1631
experimented with multiple lenses placed in a
tube.
Observed that viewed objects in front of the tube
appeared greatly enlarged, creating both the
forerunner of the compound microscope and the
telescope.
The “First” Microscope
3
A dissection microscope is light
illuminated. The image that appears is
three dimensional. It is used for dissection
to get a better look at the
larger specimen. You cannot
see individual cells because
it has a low magnification.
(also called stereo
microscope)
4
Head of a moth pupa
60x
Sunflower with moth
pupa in the stem
10x
5
1665 –Robert
Hooke
• Looked at a
sliver of cork
through a
microscope lens
and noticed some
"pores" or "cells"
in it.
6
1903 – Richard Zsigmondy
• developed the
ultramicroscope
• study objects below the
wavelength of light.
• Won the Nobel Prize in
Chemistry in 1925.
7
1932 – Frits Zernike
•
•
•
invented the phasecontrast microscope
Allowed for the study
of colorless and
transparent biological
materials
Won the Nobel Prize
in Physics in 1953.
8
SEM use electron illumination. The
image is seen in 3-D. It has high
magnification and high resolution. The
specimen is coated in gold
and the electrons bounce
off to give you and exterior
view of the specimen. The
pictures are in black and
white.
9
1931 – Ernst Ruska
•
co-invented the electron
microscope for which he won
mitochondrion
the Nobel Prize in Physics in
bacillus bacteria
1986.
dividing
• An electron microscope
depends on electrons rather
Transmission
election
than light to view an object.
microscope
• Make it possible to view
objects as small as the diameter
of an atom
10
cockroach antenna
pigeon blood
11
1981 – Gerd Binnig and Heinrich
Rohrer
•
•
•
invented the scanning tunneling
microscope that gives threedimensional images of objects
down to the atomic level.
Won the Nobel Prize in Physics
in 1986.
The strongest microscope to
date.
12
13
•Compound Microscope
•Dissection Microscope
•Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM)
•Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM)
14
How a Microscope Works
Ocular Lens
(Magnifies Image)
Body Tube
(Image Focuses)
Objective Lens
(Gathers Light,
Magnifies
And Focuses Image
Inside Body Tube)
•Bending Light: The objective (bottom) convex lens
magnifies and focuses (bends) the image inside the
body tube and the ocular convex (top) lens of a
microscope magnifies it (again).
Body Tube
Ocular lens
(Eyepiece)
Nosepiece
Objectives
Arm
Stage
Stage Clips
Coarse Adjustment
Diaphragm
Light
Fine Adjustment
Base
Always carry a microscope with one hand
holding the arm and one hand under the base.
15
16
Paulownia Wood c.s.
200x
Frog’s blood
1,000x
17
What’s my power?
To calculate the power of magnification, multiply the power of the
ocular lens by the power of the objective.
What are the powers of
magnification for each of
the objectives we have on
our microscopes?
Comparing Powers of Magnification
We can see better details with higher
powers of magnification, but we cannot see
as much of the image.
Which of these images
would be viewed at a
higher power of
magnification?
18
19
• Start on the lowest magnification
• Don’t use the coarse adjustment knob on high
magnification…you’ll break the slide!!!
• Place slide on stage and lock clips
• Adjust light source (if it’s a mirror…don’t stand in front of
it!)
• Use fine adjustment to focus
• Always carry with 2 hands
• Never touch the lenses with your fingers.
• Only use lens paper for cleaning
• Do not force knobs
• Keep objects clear of desk and cords
• When you are finished with your "scope", rotate the
nosepiece so that it's on the low power objective, roll the
stage down to lowest level, rubber band the cord, then
replace the dust cover.
Ocular lens
Body Tube
Revolving Nosepiece
Objective Lens
Stage
Clips
Diaphragm
Light
Arm
Stage
Coarse adjustment knob
Fine adjustment knob
Base
20
Ocular lens
magnifies; where you
look through to see the
image of your specimen.
They are usually 10X or
15X power. Our
microscopes have an ocular
lens power of 10x.
21
arm
supports the tube and
connects it to the
base
22
the flat platform
where you place
your slides
stage
23
moves stage (or body
tube) up and down
coarse adjustment knob
24
small, round knob on
the side of the
microscope used to
fine-tune the focus of
your specimen
fine adjustment knob
after using the coarse
adjustment knob
25
the bottom of the
microscope, used for
support
base
26
body tube
connects the eyepiece
to the objective
lenses
27
the part that holds two
or more objective lenses
revolving nosepiece
and can be rotated to
easily change power
28
Adds to the magnification
Usually you will find 3 or
4 objective lenses on a
microscope. They almost
objective lens
Always contain powers:
4X (scanning)
10X (low)
40X(high)
100X (oil)
29
Stage clips hold the slides in
place. If your microscope
has a mechanical stage, you
will be able to move the
slide around by turning two
stage clips
knobs. One
moves it left and right, the
other moves it up and down.
30
controls the amount of light
going through the specimen
Many microscopes have a
rotating disk under the
stage. This diaphragm has
different sized holes and is
used to vary the intensity
and size of the cone of light
diaphragm
Proper way to focus a microscope:
•
•
•
•
start with the lowest power objective lens
first
while looking from the side, crank the
lens down as close to the specimen as
possible without touching it.
Look through the eyepiece lens and focus
upward only until the image is sharp.
If you can't get it in focus, repeat the
process again.
Proper way to focus a microscope:
•
•
•
Once the image is sharp with the low power
lens, you should be able to simply click in the
next power lens and do minor adjustments with
the focus knob.
If your microscope has a fine focus adjustment,
turning it a bit should be all that's necessary.
DO NOT USE COARSE ADJUSTMENT
ONCE YOU HAVE MOVED TO A
HIGHER OBJECTIVE!!!!
FRIday, August 14th
• As you come in, please make
sure you have a pencil to take
your Biology PreTest with &
grab a BUBBLE SHEET from the
desk.
• Complete the bell work on the
right in your graphing packet,
this is problem #3
Graphing
Practice
BELLWORK!!!
A student counted the total number of leaves in a group of duckweed
plants (Lemna gibba) over a 5-day period. The data collected are shown
in the table below.
The Growth of Duckweed Leaves over a 5 day period
Practice
Number of Leaves
A student counted the total number of
leaves in a group of duckweed plants
(Lemna gibba) over a 5-day period. The
data collected are shown in the table
below.
80
72
64
56
48
40
32
24
16
8
0
0
1
2
3
Time (days)
4
5