Pentateuch 2:
Out of Egypt
Exodus,
Leviticus, &
Numbers
Structure of the Book of Exodus
I. Birth and Call of Moses

Sargon, Moses, and Luke Skywalker
1. Sargon, the mighty king, king of Akkadê am I,
2. My mother was lowly; my father I did not know;
3. The brother of my father dwelt in the mountain.
4. My city is Azupiranu, which is situated on the
bank of the Purattu [Euphrates],
5. My lowly mother conceived me, in secret she
brought me forth.
6. She placed me in a basket of reeds, she closed
my entrance with bitumen,
7. She cast me upon the rivers which did not
overflow me.
8. The river carried me, it brought me to Akki, the
irrigator.
9. Akki, the irrigator, in the goodness of his heart
lifted me out,
10. Akki, the irrigator, as his own son brought me up
Structure of the Book of Exodus
Moses meets God at the Burning Bush

“Who will I say has sent me?”
“The Plagues”
Psalm 78
Exodus 7-12
Rivers to Blood
Swarms of Flies
Frogs
.
Caterpillars
/Cockroaches
Locusts
Hail (vines)
Frost/Flood
Hail (cattle)
Thunderbolts
/plagues
Firstborn
Nile to Blood
.
Psalm 105
Darkness
Waters to Blood
Frogs
.
Frogs
Gnats
Swarms of Flies
.
.
Swarms of Flies
Gnats
Cattle plague
Boils
.
Hail
Locusts
Darkness
.
Firstborn
.
.
Hail
Locusts
.
Firstborn
.
Structure of the Book of Exodus
1440 B.C. Exodus
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1250 B.C. Exodus
1. 1 Kings 6:1—480 years
from temple
1. Exodus 1:11—Pithom &
Ramses
2. Judges 11:26—300
years of occupation
2. Some Archaeology—
Hazor, Debir, Lachish
3. Habiru possibly
included Hebrews in
Amarna letters.
3. Archaeology—
settlement patterns in hill
country & new settlements
in 13th century.
4. Merneptah—1st mention
of “Israel” in 1230 B.C.
4. Some archaeology
5. Merneptah—Israel an
established people
5. 430 yrs. (Ex. 12:40) puts
patriarchs in Hyksos period.
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Structure of the Book of Exodus
III. Covenant at Sinai (Ex 19)
•
•
Historical Prologue
Stipulations
•
•
•
Ten Commandments—
Apodictic Law
“The Covenant Code”—
Casuistic Law
Ratification
Structure of the Book of Exodus
IV. Tabernacle (25-30, 35-40)
•
God’s Presence
The Tabernacle
Structure of the Book of Exodus
V.
Broken and Renewed Covenant (32-34)
•
•
Rebellion, Idolatry, & Broken Tablets
Renewal of Covenant following judgment
Theological Themes in Exodus
•
God’s Choice
Theological Themes in Exodus
•
•
God’s Care
Covenant and Law
–
–
–
The grace of the covenant
The threat of the covenant
The promise of the covenant
Theological Themes in Exodus
•
Covenant, Law, and missio dei.
Leviticus
Purity
&
Holiness
Outline of Leviticus
Outline of Leviticus
Unclean
Outline of Leviticus
• Ritual Purity (Lev. 11-15)
• Day of Atonement/Yom Kippur (Lev. 16)
– Most Holy Place
– Goats: Sin Offering and the azazel
Unclean
Outline of Leviticus
• “Holiness Code” (Lev. 17-26)
– Purity & Ritual Laws
– Brueggemann—Justice vs. Ritual
– Calendar
• Redeeming what belongs to the Lord (Lev.
27)
Unclean
Numbers
Into the
Wilderness
The Censuses
• Census of the 1st Generation (Num 12-53)
• Census of the 2nd Generation (261-65)
• The censuses are:
– The structure for the book, &
– The transition from Egypt to Canaan.
Outline of Numbers
• Numbers and Arrangements (Num. 1-4)
Benjamin
Dan
Asher
Naphtali
Judah
Levites
Tent
Of
Meeting
Manasseh
Issachar
Levites
Ephraim
Gad
Simeon
Reuben
Zebulun
E
>
Outline of Numbers
• Various Laws (Num. 51-914, 101-10)
– The Nazirite (6:1-21)
Outline of Numbers
• The Cloud above the Tabernacle (915-23)
• From Sinai to Kadesh (Num. 11-12)
– Complaints, Judgment, Provision
Outline of Numbers
• Events at Kadesh (Num. 13:1-20:21)
–
–
–
–
Reconnaissance & Rebellion (Numbers 131-1445)
Korah, Dathan, Abiram (Num. 16)
Priests and Levites (Num. 171-1832)
Moses’ Sin
Outline of Numbers
• Kadesh--Plains of
Moab (Num. 20222120)
Outline of Numbers
• In the Plains of Moab (Num.
21:21-36:13)
– Balak & Balaam (22:1-24:25)
Outline of Numbers
• In the Plains of Moab (Num. 21:21-36:13)
– 2nd Census (26:1-65)
– Joshua Commissioned (27:12-23)
Themes of Leviticus & Numbers
• Holiness
Themes of Leviticus & Numbers
• Holiness
– God is holy
– “Unholy” does not necessarily imply sin.
Unclean
Theological Themes—Lev./Num.
• Purity & Impurity
– Boundaries
God
•Blood/Sacrifice
•Divine Presence
•Book of Hebrews
& Jesus