The British Invasion


Before 1964, the Americans made rock and roll
music, and the British loved it, providing record
sales, tour sites, and second homes for U.S. stars
Beginning in 1964, the British were the ones
performing rock and roll music in the U.S.
 Began
with the Beatles
 In 1964, 9 out of 23 number one hits were recorded by
British groups

Rock and roll was no longer an American product
The British Invasion (cont)

The British invasion split rock’s mainstream style

Example: Paul McCartney and John Lennon
Paul McCartney- refined, traditionally talented musically, more
compliant to societal norms; wrote elegant, nostalgic and
sentimental music
 John Lennon- iconoclastic, rebellious, inclined to nonconformity;
wrote raw, raucous and shocking music


This difference became the prototype for the division in
mainstream rock groups
Softer, more refined, less rebellious bands (The Beatles)
 Hard, raw, basic R&B-oriented mainstream rock bands
(The Rolling Stones)

The Rolling Stones



Their earliest influence was black R&B
The group was named after a song by blues singer Muddy
Waters
The band was a combination of the groups:

“Little Boy Blue and the Blue Boys”




They played their favorite R&B songs and 1950s rock tunes
Michael Jagger- born July 26, 1943
Keith Richards- born on December 18, 1943 (guitarist)
“Blues Incorporated”




“Elmo Lewis” (aka Brian Jones) -born February 28, 1942 (clarinet,
piano and sax)
Ian Stewart
Dick Taylor (bass)
Mike Avory
The Rolling Stones (cont)



Dick Taylor quit and was replaced by Bill Wyman
(born October 24, 1936)
Charlie Watts also began playing occasionally and
was their regular drummer by 1963
Andrew Loog Oldham became their manager
 He
had previously worked for Brian Epstein and the
Beatles


Brian Jones became the leader of the Rolling Stones
Eric Easton became their agent
The Rolling Stones (cont)


Decca Records (who originally turned down the
Beatles) signed on the Rolling Stones
May 1963- first recording was created
 “Come
On” by Chuck Berry
 “I Want to Be Loved” – an R&B song


They dressed in coordinated suits just like the
Beatles
Ian Stewart was removed from the performance
lineup and became their road manager until he
died in 1985
The Rolling Stones (cont)






“Come On” reached #26 on the British charts
“I Want to Be Your Man” (a Lennon-McCartney song)
became #3 in 1963
They began touring, but were faced by Beatlemania
They dropped their “Beatle” image – appeared in
street clothes, grew out their hair, looked “scruffy,”
became more sexually suggestive on stage
Oldham insisted Jagger and Richard (who dropped the
s) become a songwriting team
Their first LP was released in April 1964
The Rolling Stones (cont)

In June 1964, the Stones joined the British invasion of
America by touring the U.S. and Canada



It was not nearly as successful as the Beatles
They recorded “It’s All Over Now” in Chicago which
became in the Top 10 in Britain and #26 in the U.S.
Their second tour in the U.S. was much more successful
They appeared on the Ed Sullivan show
 Better reception at the Kennedy Airport


While on tour, Jagger saw James Brown perform; this is
when Jagger began to imitate Brown’s dancing and
incorporated his moves into the Rolling Stones act
“Satisfaction”

12 x 5 (their second album) was released in
January 1965
 Time
is on My Side was #6 in the U.S.
 The Last Time was #1 in England and #9 in U.S.

While on their 3rd tour, they improvised (I Can’t Get
No) Satisfaction
 Was
recorded and released in U.S. before England
 Became #1 in 1965
 Controversy began due to lyrics-potentially had a
double meaning
Satisfaction (cont)

December’s Children (and Everybody’s) Album was
released in time for Christmas in 1965
 #1


hit: Get Off My Cloud
Brian Jones started getting in trouble with drugs
and alcohol
4th album: Aftermath (1966)
 Paint
It Black- #1 in U.S.
1967- Year of Scandal

Album: Between the Buttons
Contained 2 hit singles: “Ruby Tuesday” and “Let’s Spend
the Night Together”
 Lyrics were blatantly overtly sexual


Album: Their Satanic Majesties Request
December 1967
 Was created in response to the Beatles’ Sgt. Pepper album
 Was a gross disappointment


Next single: Jumpin’ Jack Flash was back to basic, raw
rock and roll
Brian Jones…


The group fired Brian Jones temporarily since he
had two drug convictions and would not be allowed
to tour overseas.
July 2, 1969- Brian drowned in a pool after taking
pills and drinking alcohol
And…
 Mick’s girlfriend, Marianne Faithful, lost the baby
she was carrying and attempted suicide by pills.
Altamont

By mid-1969, the Rolling Stones were broke
Ticket prices very high and Stones showed up late
 The 1969 tour had to end with a “big finish” according to
Jagger


“Woodstock West”- December 4th at Altamont Raceway
near Livermore, CA
Jagger invited motorcycle gangs known for their violence as
a security force
 During “Sympathy for the Devil,” fights and riots broke out,
including at least one murder and two other casualties
 Gimme Shelter is the documentary on Altamont

After Altamont



Their 1970 European tour was also accompanied by
violence
Mick, Keith and Bill moved to France to escape tax
trouble
April 1971- Sticky Fingers album released
 Included



“Brown Sugar” with sexist/racist lyrics
1972- Exile on Main Street album was #1 in U.S.
1973- Goat’s Head Soup album released
But life was not stable
After Altamont (cont)

1974- Mick Taylor quit the Rolling Stones
 He
carried the band while Keith was on heroin
 He then became addicted to heroin and left the group
while he could

Their next 4 albums were disappointing
 No
Top 10 hits in 1974
 No Top 40 hits in 1975

1978- the album Some Girls contained the Stones’
first #1 hit (“Miss You”) in 5 years
After Altamont (cont)

Other albums released:
 Tattoo
You (1981)
 Undercover (1983)
 Dirty Work (1985)
 Voodoo Lounge (1994)
 Bridge to Babylon (1997)
 Live Licks (2004)

They are still touring today with Daryl Jones
replacing Bill Wyman on bass
The Bad Boys of Rock

The Stones were the first group to foster an overtly
negative image; they represented the rebellious, surely,
antisocial side of rock through:

their personal lives…
Brian Jones- father at age 14; had 2 sons at age of 20 with
different girlfriends, both named Julian; gave no parental
support; arrested on drug charges twice; admitted to the hospital;
attempted suicide; died in 1969
 Keith Richard- started drugs in college; found guilty for
possession; had a heroin addiction in 1971; had 3 more drug
arrests in 1976 and 1977
 Mick Jagger- arrested in 1967


…and the outrageous antics of their fans

riots, clubs, tear gas, chairs thrown, etc
The Bad Boys of Rock (cont)

The Rolling Stones became the musical rallying point for
antisocial violence

US events in1968





Robert Kennedy gunned down, no longer presidential nominee
Martin Luther King assassinated
Hubert Humphrey defeated Richard Nixon as presidential candidate
Philip Norman notes that “the Stones had made destruction cool
and the Devil a rock star; they had sold a million copies of an
exhortation to slaughter. They were the household gods of every
spaced-out, subterranean screwball in America.” (p.161)
The Stones began a path within rock that would lead through
the hard rock of the 1970s, punk rock of 1970s/1980s,
heavy metal of 1980s and gangsta rap of 1990s.
Are You a Stone or a Beatle?

The Stones and the Beatles were the leaders of the
British invasion
 Both
fascinated by 1950s rock and roll and R&B
 The Beatles experimented whereas the Stones stayed in
R&B
 The Beatles were the group
 Stones were the challengers whose success was based
on their contrast with the Beatles, especially once the
Stones no longer imitated the Beatles
Why are the Stones important?




They stimulated the rebirth of basic R&B-derived
mainstream rock
This contributed to the split in rock and roll
They showed the darker side and flaunted the
antisocial behavior as part of their image
They have persevered through changing styles and
personal adversity since 1962
Other Artists in the 1960s

From 1964-1966, other British groups also were
successful
Identified by location (Liverpool, Manchester, Newcastle,
London, etc.)
 The most successful were those that imitated the Beatles

Freddie and the Dreamers “I’m Telling You Now”
 Herman’s Hermits “I’m into Something Good”


The Rolling Stones’ style was influenced by John
Mayall’s Bluesbreakers, a blues-based band in 1962
Musicians including Mick Taylor started with this group and
then created other rock bands
 They played basic R&B with the 12-bar blues progression,
the blues scale, the shouting vocal style, and the blacksounding timbre

Other Artists in the 1960s (cont)

Those that based their music off of the Rolling
Styles’ style:
 The
Yardbirds – “For Your Love”
 #6
in the U.S. in 1965- was a blues-based rock song
 Prior to this song, the group played straight R&B
 The lead guitarists influenced others like Eric Clapton and
Jimmy Page (Led Zeppelin)
 Animals
 #1
– “House of the Rising Sun”
in 1964
Rolling Stones’ Musical Style


Known for simplicity and repetition
Many of their hits preserved the general blues feeling,
vocal shouting style, and blues scale…
but they rarely followed the traditional blues chord
progression.
 Chromatic chords rarely used


Little rhythmic change- use quadruple meter



Mainly duple subdivision; some slow songs use triple
subdivision
Vocal timbre- old shouting blues style with spoken
improvisations
Melodies-follows the scale and is repetitive
Rolling Stones’ Musical Style (cont)

Satisfaction
 16-bar
chorus split in 4 phrases (AABC)
 The entire song alternates chorus and verse based on
the guitar riff

Sympathy for the Devil
 two
4-measure progressions repeated
 Only 4 chords used: I, IV, V, bVII
 Chorus: AAAABB happens 5 times throughout piece
Homework
Compare and Contrast the Rolling Stones and the Beatles
including personal appearance, group formation, success,
instrumentation, and musical style.
It may be in any form:
 Venn-diagram
 Chart
 List
 Paragraph
Due on Monday, December 10th