TECHNOLOGY
GUIDE 3:
Emerging Types of
Enterprise Computing
Copyright John Wiley & Sons Canada1
EMERGING TYPES OF ENTERPRISE
COMPUTING
TG3.1 Introduction
TG3.2 Server Farms
TG3.3 Virtualization
TG3.4 Grid Computing
TG3.5 Utility Computing
TG3.6 Cloud Computing
TG3.7 Emerging Software Trends
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LEARNING OBJECTIVES
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Describe the evolution of IT infrastructure.
Describe a server farm.
Define virtualization, and discuss its advantages.
Define grid computing, and discuss its advantages.
Define utility computing, and discuss its advantages.
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LEARNING OBJECTIVES
(CONTINUED)
6. Define cloud computing, and analyze its advantages
and disadvantages.
7. Define and discuss Web services and service-oriented
architecture.
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TG 3.1 INTRODUCTION
•
Stages in the evolution of IT infrastructure:
–
–
–
–
–
–
Standalone mainframe
Mainframe and dumb terminals
Standalone personal computers
Local area networks (client/server computing)
Enterprise computing
Cloud computing and mobile computing
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TG 3.2 SERVER FARMS
Source: Media Bakery
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TG 3.3 VIRTUALIZATION
•
Benefits:
– generates cost savings in equipment, energy, space in the data
center, cooling, personnel, and maintenance.
– enhances an organization’s agility by enabling it to quickly
modify its systems in response to changing demands.
– focus shifts from the technology itself to the services that the can
provide.
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CASE: MAXIMUMASP
VIRTUALIZES ITS DATA CENTER
•
MaximumASP is a Web-hosting company based in
Louisville, Kentucky. Its 35 employees host more than
48,000 domains for customers located in more than 60
countries. They added hundreds of new servers every
year, each of which took roughly four hours to deploy.
The company decided to implement Microsoft’s server
virtualization technology, and the results have been
outstanding in utilizing virtualization to expand its
product offerings, enhance its business agility, and
improve its customer service, while actually lowering its
operating costs.
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TG 3.4 GRID COMPUTING
•
Benefits:
– Enables organizations to utilize computing resources more
efficiently.
– Enables applications to run faster.
– Provides fault tolerance and redundancy.
– Makes it easy to “scale up” and “scale down”.
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TG 3.5 UTILITY COMPUTING
•
•
Utility computing (also called subscription computing
and on-demand computing): a service provider makes
computing resources and infrastructure management
available to a customer as needed.
Benefits: enables companies to efficiently meet
fluctuating demands for computing power by lowering
the cost of owning hardware infrastructure.
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TG 3.6 CLOUD COMPUTING
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CLOUD COMPUTING
•
Advantages:
– it dramatically lowers infrastructure costs
– Example: Molson Coors Brewing Company using Hewlett
Packard’s (HP) cloud platform to manage the finance and human
resources systems.
•
Disadvantages:
– privacy, security, and reliability concerns
– Example: in April 2011, Amazon’s cloud crashed, taking with it
about 70 different Web sites questioning the reliability of Amazon
Web Services and of the cloud itself.
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CLOUD COMPUTING
•
Different types of cloud computing services:
– Cloud infrastructure
– Cloud platform
– Cloud software
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TG 3.7 EMERGING SOFTWARE
TRENDS
•
Web services: applications delivered over the Internet
that MIS professionals can select and combine through
almost any device, from personal computers to mobile
phones.
•
Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA): IT architecture
that makes it possible to construct business applications
using Web services.
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WEB SERVICES
•
Benefits:
– utilizes the existing Internet infrastructure without having to
implement any new technologies.
– personnel can access remote or local data without having to
understand the complexities of this process.
– new applications can be created quickly and easily
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WEB SERVICES (CONTINUED)
•
Four key protocols:
–
–
–
–
XML Extensible markup language
SOAP Simple object access protocol
WSDL Web services description language
UDDI Universal description, discovery, and integration
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TECHNOLOGY GUIDE CLOSING
1. The IT infrastructure in organizations has evolved in the
following stages: standalone mainframe, mainframe
and dumb terminals, standalone personal computers,
local area networks (client/server computing),
eenterprise computing, cloud computing and mobile
computing.
2. Server farms are massive data centers, which may
contain hundreds or thousands of networked computer
servers.
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TECHNOLOGY GUIDE CLOSING
(CONTINUED)
3. Server virtualization is a technology that typically is
used in server farms that divides physical servers into
several software-based partitions.
4. Grid computing combines the unused processing
resources of many geographically dispersed computers
in a network to form a virtual supercomputers providing
many benefits to organizations
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TECHNOLOGY GUIDE CLOSING
(CONTINUED)
5. In utility computing, a service provider makes
computing resources and infrastructure management
available to a customer as needed.
6. With cloud computing, tasks are performed by
computers physically removed from the user and
accessed over a network, in particular the Internet.
7. Two emerging technologies are Web services and
service-oriented architecture.
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Copyright John Wiley & Sons Canada