Who are They?
Leadership
LEADER
• A Leader is an individual who influences others to act
toward a particular goal or end-state
(Judith R. Gordon)
MANAGER
• Manager is the person responsible for planning and directing
the work of a group of individuals, monitoring their work, and
taking corrective action when necessary
(http://management.about.com/od/policiesandprocedures/g/manager1.htm)
M A N A G E R VS L E A D E R
He manages wisel y t he r esour ces
Innovat or , discover s new oppor t unit ies
Maint ains t he economic bal ance
Devel ops new act ivit ies
Is int er est ed in syst ems and st r uct ur es
Int er est ed in t he human f act or
Decisions ar e based on cont r ol
Decisions ar e based on t r ust
Long t er m vision
Shor t t er m vision
He usual l y asks how, when?
He usual l y asks why?
Aiming t he r esul t
Aiming t he concept , t he idea
He imit at es success st or ies
He cr eat es t he success st or ies
He accept s t he dest ine
He chal l enges his own dest ine
Is a cl assic compet ent sol dier
Is his own gener al
Makes t hings in a pr oper manner
Makes pr oper t hings
He is using a pl an
He is based on int uit ion
He r espect s t he ef f iciency
He r espect s t he innovat ion
Source: http://www.csun.edu/~jlg70068/business/manager-vs-leader.html
LEADERSHIP
• Leadership is ultimately about creating a way for people to contribute to
making something extraordinary happen (Alan Keith)
• Effective leadership is the ability to successfully integrate and maximize
available resources within the internal and external environment for the
attainment of organizational or societal goals (Ken Obgonnia)
• Leadership is organizing a group of people to achieve a common goal
EFFECTIVE LEADERSHIP
(Stephen R. Covey)
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Mau Terus Belajar
Berorientasi Pada Pelayanan
Memberikan Energi Positif
Mempercayai Orang Lain
Memiliki Keseimbangan Hidup
Jujur Pada Diri Sendiri
Mau Melihat Hidup sebagai Sesuatu yang Baru
Memegang Teguh Prinsip
Sinergetik
Selalui Memperbaharui Diri
EFFECTIVE LEADERSHIP
(Warren Bennis)
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Pengenalan Diri
Terbuka Terhadap Umpan Balik
Pengambil Resiko yang Selalu Ingin Tahu
Konsentrasi Pada Pekerjaan
Menyeimbangkan Tradisi dengan Perubahan
Bertindak Sebagai Model dan Mentor
LEADERSHIP THEORY
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The Great Man Theory
Trait Theory
Situational Theory
Path - Goal Theory
THE GREAT MAN THEORY
(Thomas Carlye)
• Such great men are the products of their societies, and that
their actions would be impossible without the social
conditions built before their lifetime (Herbert Spencer)
TRAIT THEORY
(Gordon Allport)
• The Big Five Personality Traits (Costa & McCrae):
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Openess to Experience/Intellect
Conscientiousness
Extroversion
Agreeableness
Neuroticism
TRAIT THEORY (Leadership Trait)
(Ralph Melvin Stogdill)
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Adaptable to situations
Alert to social environment
Ambitious and achievement oriented
Assertive
Cooperative
Decisive
Dependable
TRAIT THEORY (Leadership Trait)
(Ralph Melvin Stogdill)
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Dominant (desire to influence others)
Energetic (high activity level)
Persistent
Self-Confident
Tolerant of Stress
Willing to assume responsibility
TRAIT THEORY (Leadership Skills)
(Ralph Melvin Stogdill)
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Clever
Conceptually skilled
Creative
Diplomatic and tactful
Fluent in speaking
Knowledgeable about group task
Organized (administrative ability)
Persuasive
Socially Skilled
SITUATIONAL THEORY
(Paul Hersey & Ken Blachard)
• Four behavior types of leadership styles:
- S1: Telling
- S2: Selling
- S3: Participating
- S4: Delegating
“ Effective leaders need to be flexible, and must adapt themselves
according to the situation ”
PATH-GOAL LEADERSHIP THEORY (ROBERT HOUSE)
• A leader's behavior is contingent to the satisfaction, motivation and
performance of his subordinates
• Leaders will have to engage in different types of leadership behavior
depending on the nature and the demands of a particular situation
• The original path-goal theory identifies:
- achievement-oriented
- directive
- participative
- supportive
POWER
The Ability or Capacity to Perform or Act Effectively
(http://www.thefreedictionary.com/power)
“with great power comes great responsibility”
FIVE BASES OF POWER
 John R. P. French & Bertram Raven:
• Positional Power
• Referent Power
• Expert Power
• Reward Power
• Coercive Power
TECHNIQUES FOR BUILDING LEADERSHIP
Nine techniques for building ledership credibility:
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Serve & Support
Create a Positive Working Environment
Teach
Insulate & Showcase
Facilitate & Make Decisions
Communicate at Just the Right Volume
Anchor Communications in Goals
Dispense Accountability Fairly
Live by the Coach’s Credo
http://artpetty.com/2009/04/24/nine-power-techniques-for-building-your-leadership-credibility/
POWER & INFLUENCE RELATIONSHIP
• People often think about power in a negative sense!
• Kekuatan dapat memberikan pengaruh
• Semakin besar kekuatan seseorang, semakin besar
pengaruh diberikan
TYPES OF INFLUENCE
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Intimidating or forcing someone to do something
Bribing someone to do your bidding
Paying for things you want someone to do for you
Teaching a student to behave better in a classroom
Encouraging your children to eat their vegetables
Article Source: http://EzineArticles.com/1284006
POST POWER SYNDROME
• BUILD and IMPROVE the System
• People COME and GO
THANK
YOU