Exercise Science
Section 4: Joint Mechanics and Joint Injuries
An Introduction to Health and Physical
Education
Ted Temertzoglou
Paul Challen
ISBN 1-55077-132-9
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This material may be used only in a course of study in which Exercise Science: An Introduction to Health and Physical Education (Temertzoglou/Challen) is the required textbook.
Types of Joints
Fibrous joint
Cartilaginous joint
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This material may be used only in a course of study in which Exercise Science: An Introduction to Health and Physical Education (Temertzoglou/Challen) is the required textbook.
Synovial joint
Types of Synovial Joints
Ball-andsocket joint
Gliding joint
Hinge joint
Pivot joint
Saddle joint
Ellipsoid joint
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This material may be used only in a course of study in which Exercise Science: An Introduction to Health and Physical Education (Temertzoglou/Challen) is the required textbook.
The Characteristics of a Synovial Joint
Bone
Blood vessels
Nerve
Joint
capsule
Joint cavity (filled with
synovial fluid)
Synovial membrane
Fibrous capsule
Articular cartilage
Bursa
Tendon sheath
Tendon
Membranous
layer
Fibrous layer
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This material may be used only in a course of study in which Exercise Science: An Introduction to Health and Physical Education (Temertzoglou/Challen) is the required textbook.
Periosteum
Tissue Properties
 Tendons:
 Composed of collagen
(bundles of white, fibrous protein)
 Attach muscle to bone
 Vascular
 Ligaments:
 Tough bands of white, fibrous tissue
 Attach bone to bone
 Avascular
©Thompson Educational Publishing, Inc. 2003. All material is copyright protected. It is illegal to copy any of this material.
This material may be used only in a course of study in which Exercise Science: An Introduction to Health and Physical Education (Temertzoglou/Challen) is the required textbook.
Common Sport Injuries
 Strains, pulls, and tears
 Terms used to describe injuries to





all joint tissue types
Tendinitis
 Inflammation of a tendon
Dislocations
 Bone displaced from its original
location
Separations
 Fibrous ligaments that bind the
bones tear and separate
Cartilage
 Torn cartilage
Shin splints
 Tearing of the interosseous
membrane or the periosteum
©Thompson Educational Publishing, Inc. 2003. All material is copyright protected. It is illegal to copy any of this material.
This material may be used only in a course of study in which Exercise Science: An Introduction to Health and Physical Education (Temertzoglou/Challen) is the required textbook.
Tendinitis
Proper Treatment of an Injury
S.H.A.R.P
P.I.E.R. Principle
Swelling: instantly or over time
Pressure: tensor wrap
Heat: increased temperature in the
area
Ice: placed on affected area
Altered: tissue will not function
properly
Elevate: to reduce swelling
Red: in colour
Restrict: tensors, slings, or crutches
Painful: to touch or move
©Thompson Educational Publishing, Inc. 2003. All material is copyright protected. It is illegal to copy any of this material.
This material may be used only in a course of study in which Exercise Science: An Introduction to Health and Physical Education (Temertzoglou/Challen) is the required textbook.
The Shoulder Joint
Clavicle
Coracoclavicular
ligament
Coracoid process
Acromioclavicular
ligament
Acromion
Coracoacromial
ligament
Glenohumeral
ligaments and
joint capsule
Scapula
Tendon of biceps
brachii (long head)
Humerus
©Thompson Educational Publishing, Inc. 2003. All material is copyright protected. It is illegal to copy any of this material.
This material may be used only in a course of study in which Exercise Science: An Introduction to Health and Physical Education (Temertzoglou/Challen) is the required textbook.
Shoulder Joint Injuries
 Biceps tendinitis
 Caused by overuse of the biceps
brachii muscle
 Shoulder separation
 Tearing of the acromioclavicular
ligament
 Shoulder dislocation
 Occurs when the humerus “pops
out” of the glenoid fossa
 Rotator cuff tears
 An injury to one of the rotator cuff
tendons
©Thompson Educational Publishing, Inc. 2003. All material is copyright protected. It is illegal to copy any of this material.
This material may be used only in a course of study in which Exercise Science: An Introduction to Health and Physical Education (Temertzoglou/Challen) is the required textbook.
Shoulder
separation
The Knee Joint – Anterior
Quadriceps
tendon
Patella
Medial (Tibial) collateral
ligament
Patellar ligament
Fibula
Tibial
tuberosity
Tibia
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This material may be used only in a course of study in which Exercise Science: An Introduction to Health and Physical Education (Temertzoglou/Challen) is the required textbook.
The Knee Joint Anterior (deep)
Femur
Posterior cruciate ligament
Medial (Tibial) collateral ligament
removed
Lateral (Fibular) collateral
ligament removed
Lateral Condyle
Medial Condyle
Anterior cruciate ligament
Lateral Meniscus
Medial Meniscus
Tibial Tuberosity
Fibula
Tibia
©Thompson Educational Publishing, Inc. 2003. All material is copyright protected. It is illegal to copy any of this material.
This material may be used only in a course of study in which Exercise Science: An Introduction to Health and Physical Education (Temertzoglou/Challen) is the required textbook.
The Knee Joint – Posterior
Femur
Adductor magnus
tendon
Medial head of gastrocnemius
tendon
Semimembranosus
tendon
Lateral head of gastrocnemius
tendon
Oblique popliteal ligament
Medial (Tibial)
collateral ligament
Lateral (Fibular) collateral
ligament
Fibular head
Fibula
Tibia
©Thompson Educational Publishing, Inc. 2003. All material is copyright protected. It is illegal to copy any of this material.
This material may be used only in a course of study in which Exercise Science: An Introduction to Health and Physical Education (Temertzoglou/Challen) is the required textbook.
The Knee Joint – Posterior (deep)
Femur
Anterior cruciate
ligament
Posterior meniscofemoral ligament
Medial meniscus
Medial (Tibial) collateral
Popliteal tendon
Lateral meniscus
ligament
Posterior cruciate
Lateral (Fibular)
collateral ligament
Fibula
Tibia
©Thompson Educational Publishing, Inc. 2003. All material is copyright protected. It is illegal to copy any of this material.
This material may be used only in a course of study in which Exercise Science: An Introduction to Health and Physical Education (Temertzoglou/Challen) is the required textbook.
Knee Joint Injuries
 Knee ligament tears
 Q-angle may contribute to the
predisposition of ACL tears
 Osgood-Schlatter syndrome
 Affects the epiphyseal plate of the
tibial tuberosity
 Patellofemoral Syndrome (PFS)
 Gradual onset of anterior knee
pain/pain around the patella
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This material may be used only in a course of study in which Exercise Science: An Introduction to Health and Physical Education (Temertzoglou/Challen) is the required textbook.
OsgoodSchlatter
syndrome
The Ankle Joint – Medial View
Tibia
Medial malleolus
Deltoid ligament
Calcaneal (Achilles)
tendon
Long plantar
ligament
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This material may be used only in a course of study in which Exercise Science: An Introduction to Health and Physical Education (Temertzoglou/Challen) is the required textbook.
The Ankle Joint – Lateral View
Tibia
Fibula
Lateral malleolus
Anterior tibiofibular ligament
Posterior tibiofibular
ligament
Posterior talofibular
ligament
Anterior talofibular
ligament
Calcaneus
Anterior talofibular ligament
©Thompson Educational Publishing, Inc. 2003. All material is copyright protected. It is illegal to copy any of this material.
This material may be used only in a course of study in which Exercise Science: An Introduction to Health and Physical Education (Temertzoglou/Challen) is the required textbook.
Ankle Joint Injuries
 Inversion sprains
 “twisted ankle”
 Eversion sprains
 Occurs to the deltoid ligament
 Pott’s Fracture
 A force on the medial side of
ankle causing the deltoid
ligament to rip off the tip of the
medial malleolus; and a break
of the fibula
©Thompson Educational Publishing, Inc. 2003. All material is copyright protected. It is illegal to copy any of this material.
This material may be used only in a course of study in which Exercise Science: An Introduction to Health and Physical Education (Temertzoglou/Challen) is the required textbook.
Inversion
sprain
©Thompson Educational Publishing, Inc. 2003. All material is copyright protected. It is illegal to copy any of this material.
This material may be used only in a course of study in which Exercise Science: An Introduction to Health and Physical Education (Temertzoglou/Challen) is the required textbook.