AS Revision
History
Elementary School Drill PT + PE
Stages
Characteristics
Model Course
Early Syllabuses
Late Syllabuses
Post 1944
Social Reform
Conditioning
Militarism
Therapeutic
Limited facilities
Elementary School Developments from
Drill to Physical Education
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Military drill + the 1902 Model Course
Boer war + the Model Course
Early Syllabus developments 1904-1909
Physical Training
The First World War + the 1919 Syllabus
The 1933 Syllabus
The Emergence of Physical Education
Effects of 2nd World War - Moving and Growing
Expansion into the 1960s
PE changes in (State) Elementary
(primary) Schools 1870-1960
Technical
Military
Therapeutic
Skill-based
Educational values
Physical
Personal
Social
PE changes in (State) Elementary
(primary) Schools 1870-1960
Provision
School room
Hall / yard
Gymnasium/
playing field
Teaching method
Command
style
Training –
class
activities
Childcentred/
discovery
Typical Questions
Early forms of modern sports were primarily developed
by men for men.
(a) (i) How did the 19th century public schools influence
the technical development of rational recreation?
(3 marks)
(a)(ii) How did these public schools and the Universities
help the spread of rational recreation into wider
society?
(3 marks)
Answer
(a)
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
F.
G.
H.
(i)
Rules/numbers/boundaries/facilities;
Inter-house/intra-school competitions/matches;
Training/coaching;
Skills/tactics;
Leadership/captain;
Kit;
Introduction of officials;
Division between players and spectators;
max 3 marks
Answer
(a)
(ii)
A. Universities as ‘melting pots’/lots of different types/styles of
game/new sports;
B. Codification/rules standardised;
C. Factory/church teams;
D. Provided facilities;
E. Officers to troops;
F. British Empire – over the
world/missionaries/diplomats/military/clerics;
G. Old boys network;
H. Clubs/NGBs formed;
I. Teachers to schools;
J. Competitions/fixtures/leagues/internationals;
Typical Questions
The way sports are played and the structure of physical education lessons has changed
over time.
(a) Figure 5 shows a football match between England and Scotland at the Oval in 1875
as an early example of rational recreation.
Figure 5
Using the information provided in Figure 5 as a guide, outline the characteristics of
rational recreation.
(4 marks)
Answer
A.
Played regularly/ free time / middle & upper classes/boys in
school;
B. Complex, written rules/highly structured/administrative/levels of
competition;
C. Teams are wearing kit/division of labour/positional roles/
strategies/tactics/rules;
D. Technical aspects such as ball/goal posts;
E. Skills based;
F. Moral values/etiquette/code of conduct;
G. Sophisticated facilities/equipment;
H. Spectator development;
I. Officials;
J. Urban development;
Typical Question
(a)
Military drill was one of the first forms of physical
activity to be included in state schools in the early
20th century. What were the characteristics and
purposes of military drill?
(4 marks)
(b)
The provision for physical activity in UK schools has
changed over time.
What were the characteristics of physical
education in state schools in the post-World War
11 period before the introduction of the National
Curriculum?
(4 marks)
(a)
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
F.
G.
H.
I.
J.
K.
Answer
Free standing/no equipment/large numbers/small space;
Standing in regimented rows/unison/class response;
Taught by NCOs;
Adult exercises for children/took no account for children’s
needs;
Static/no creativity/no skill development;
Marching/weapon familiarity;
Mixed ages/sexes;
Instructional/didactic/no inter-action/command style;
To develop fitness/health;
Preparation for work/war;
Obedience/discipline;
4 marks
Answer
(b)
1953 had:
A. Moving and growing/planning the programme
B. More variety/ gymnastic and games skills;
C. Element of play;
D. Better facilities / equipment;
E. Recognition of different ages;
F. Link between mind and body /physical & mental benefits;
G. Use of group work;
H. Decentralised lesson/more freedom for teachers/ teachers
trained;
I. Teacher relate to individuals/ interaction / less command
style;
J. More enjoyable;