Transparent Middleware ™
Transparent Middleware, AO and EJB3.0
Marc Fleury, PhD.
Founder and CEO
JBoss, inc.
The
Professional Open Source™ Company
Agenda
• Middleware as a collection of aspects, custom
middleware
• New Aspects
• EJB 3.0
• JBoss: professional open source
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Tangled code vs Untangled code
• AO identifies aspects and gives programmers
weaving semantics
• Example of untangling:


A GUI with color syntax highlighting aspects in source is AO
It untangles code IN YOUR HEAD
• Example tangled code:

EJB 2.0: programmers use interfaces and code abstract
getters and setters. Intrusive programming model
• Example untangled code:
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EJB 3.0: programmers use POJOS and annotations.
Persistence by annotations, remoteness by annotations etc
AS TRANSPARENT AS IT CAN BE (POJO BASED)
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Transparent middleware
• Impact of AO on middleware


Middleware offers services and aspects to programmers
How complex is it to apply an aspect to an objects
• SIMPLIFICATION of programming models
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Today middleware is mostly tangled specs
A component writer in EJB KNOWS about way to much
system level issues
POJO based is the best we can do
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Clustered
Remote webservice
Cache
Persistent data
Cached model
configuration
Secure
access
Transacted
Acid sessions
Monitor
Model time
Monitor
data time
(dynamic insertion)
Application layer
Aspect layer
Service layer
Remote
Invokers
Microkernel layer
Clustering
Security
Transaction
ACID
Cache
JBoss Microkernel (JMX)
The
Monitoring
Persistence
Professional Open Source™ Company
Metadata and Metatags
• Aspect Configuration
• Explicit through Xdoclet tags (later JSR-175)
• Implicit through XML (deployable at runtime)
/**
*
* @@transaction(“RequiresNew”)
*/
public void somePOJOmethod() { … }
<class-metadata group=“transaction” class=“com.acme.POJO”>
<method name=“get.*”>
<trans-attribute>RequiresNew</transattribute>
</method>
</class-metadata>
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JBoss 4: Aspects a la carte
• Middleware, by nature, is cross-cutting
• Middleware implemented as Aspects allow for:
 Smooth, fluid, iterative development
 Clean separation between System Architect and Application
Developer
 Less upfront design decisions
• JBoss 4 is Aspect-Oriented Middleware
• Architectural decisions can be made later on in
the development process
• AOP makes iterative development more fluid
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JBoss 4:Dynamic AO
• Dynamic AOP

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Transactional, ACID, Objects. Our Transactional Cache
Replicated Objects. Our Distributed Cache
Optimized HTTP Session Replication
Remoting – choose at runtime, SOAP, RMI, Sockets, IIOP
Clustered Remoting – invocation failover
• Use of Dynamic AO in JBossCache
 POJO inserted into cache
Can become Transactional
• Can become Replicated
• Depends on Cache Configuration
Goal to have transparent ACID properties
Transparent Replication
No application coding for inserted Objects
Uses AOP Dynamic API
Requires “prepare” step via <advisable>
• ALMOST COMPLETE TRANSPARENCY
•
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Interaction With Cache
tree = new TreeCacheAop();
config = new PropertyConfigurator();
// configure tree cache.
config.configure(tree, "META-INF/replSync-service.xml");
Use Pojos as Pojos
joe = new Person();
joe.setName("Joe Black");
joe.setAge(31);
addr = new Address();
addr.setCity("Sunnyvale");
addr.setStreet("123 Albert Ave");
addr.setZip(94086);
joe.setAddress(addr);
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Interaction With Cache
• Joe’s state is automatically transactional and replicated
• State replicated, synchronized at transaction
commit/rollback
tree.start(); // kick start tree cache
tree.putObject("/aop/joe", joe); // add aop sanctioned object
tx.begin();
joe.setAge(41);
joe.getAddress().setZip(95124);
tx.commit();
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JBossRemoting
• Goals

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Use POJOs not APIs
No extending of UnicastRemote
No precompilation (rmic)
Protocol independent
Protocol isolation
Designed after dotNetRemoting
• Features
 SOAP, Fact Socket, or RMI protocols available
 Clustering: failover, loadbalancing
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Remoting/Clustered Remoting
• Declare POJO remoted at runtime
• Hooks into JBoss Remoting project (Jeff Haynie, Tom
Elrod)
• URI based protocols (soap, socket, rmi)
// Server
POJO remote = new POJO("hello");
Dispatcher.singleton.registerTarget(“objName", remote);
// Client
POJO proxy = (POJO)Remoting.createRemoteProxy(“objName",
POJO.class,
“soap://localhost:8080");
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Clustered Remoting
• Invocation failover with any protocol
• Invocation loadbalancing with any protocol
• Leverages existing JBoss Clustering
POJO pojo = new POJO("hello");
POJO proxy =
(POJO)ClusteredRemoting.registerClusteredObject(
“objName",
pojo,
"DefaultPartition",
new RoundRobin(),
“socket://localhost:5150");
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New Aspects: IoC, Observer
• IoC is an aspect

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Setting of references can be intercepted
Hook up of singleton, per VM
Per call, per lifecycle
Work done by Bill Burke in CVS
• Observer/Observable is an aspect

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Strong limitation of current J2EE. No observable pattern
Message or pooling based designs.
Need for JavaBeans “fireChange”
Template code was aspectized by Adrian Brock in CVS
• Etc etc


Tight collaboration with academia on identification of new
aspects for middleware.
Fast time to market in JBoss
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EJB 3.0: SIMPLIFICATION
SIMPLIFICATION SIMPLIFICATION
• Simple annotations


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Systematic use of annotations to simplify programming
Eliminate need for XML deployment descriptors
Generation of interfaces if needed
• Simple defaults
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Systematic use of defaults
Configuration on exception only
• Simple dependencies
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Annotations
IoC, utility classes
• Simple POJO programming model
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No more homes, factory pattern
No more abstract getter/setter
• Sessions can be remote, Entities are always
local
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EJB3.0:
TRANSPARENT PROGRAMMING
•
Simple CMP
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•
Simple and Powerful QL:
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•
Testing behavior outside of a container
Work in progress
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•
Implement only the callbacks you want
Simple testing
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•
from EJBQL to HQL back to EJBQL again
Support for group-by, explicit inner and outer join, projections,
bulk update and delete, dynamic queries, SQL queries
Close to HQL, SQL focus, ORDBMS focus unlike JDO
Simple callbacks

•
POJO persistence
Entities are always local, use of new() POJO Model
Inheritance and polymorphism
No CMR
Sessions as application transaction, revolution for MVC designs
Detach-reattach? We recommend local and collocated designs
YOU ASKED FOR IT, YOU GOT IT
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EJB3 (simplified EJB)
@Entity(table=“AUCTION”)
public class Auction {
@PK(column=“AUCTION_ID”, generator=“sequence”)
private Long id;
@Attribute
private String description;
@OneToMany(inverse=“auction” order-by=“DATETIME” cascade=ALL)
private List<Bid> bids = new ArrayList();
@ManyToOne(fk=“SELLER_ID”)
private User seller;
//Getters and setters
……
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EJB3 (simplified EJB)
……
@Attribute(formula=“SELECT MAX(B.AMOUNT) FROM BID B “ +
“WHERE B.AUCTION_ID = AUCTION_ID”)
private BigDecimal maxBidAmount;
public BigDecimal getMaxBidAmount() {
return maxBidAmount;
}
……
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EJB3 (simplified EJB)
……
public Bid bid(BidDecimal amount) {
if ( !amount.greaterThan(maxBidAmount) ) return null;
Bid bid = new Bid(amount, new Date(), this);
bids.add(bid);
return bid;
}
}
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EJB3 (simplified EJB)
@Stateful(entityContext=INSTANCE, transaction=REQUIRES_NEW)
public class BidForAuctionBean implements BidForAuction {
@Inject EntityManager entityManager;
private Auction auction;
public Auction getAuction(Long id) {
auction = (Auction) entityManager.get(“Auction”, id);
return auction;
}
@Remove public void bidForAuction(BigDecimal amount) {
return auction.bid(amount);
}
}
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Deployment descriptors
No xml in 3.0
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EJB3.0: new architectures
Peer to peer grids
WEB
WEB
WEB
WEB
EJB
EJB
EJB
EJB
CACHE
CACHE
CACHE
CACHE
ORM
DB
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Enterprise
JBoss inc evolution
New Projects
Developer
Tactical
Production Support
Developer Support
JBoss inc
Professional Open Source
Consulting
Documentation
Training
JBoss Group
Small Consultancy
10/00
6/01
1/02
9/02
9/03
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1/04
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What is JBoss?
• JBoss federates open source projects under the
JBoss Professional Open Source ™ model
• JBoss Inc. employs the lead developers of
 JBoss Application Server: J2EE based
 Tomcat
 Hibernate
 JBossCache/JGroups:
 Nukes,
 ? workflow, rules, new clients, connectors?
• JBoss inc, the new safe choice
 24/7 Support
 Indemnification
 Certification – J2EE, JASP
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JBoss Group Customers
“JBoss Group’s people are super-smart and could
help us at the technical level we needed without
us having to work our way through levels of
support staff. Compared with our old vendor, we
get great support for relatively low cost.”
Jerry Shifrin, senior engineer, network
management group, MCI (formerly WorldCom)
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CUSTOMERS
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JBoss numbers
• A large community

40,000 documentation sets sold
 500 contributors over time, 20 core (JBoss Inc)
•
INNOVATION INNOVATION INNOVATION
• A standard in the market: #1 in development

More than 4M downloads in last two years alone
• A standard in the market: #1 in OEM

•
Analyst private communication
A Standard for System Integrators #2 in growth

CRN survey puts JBoss certified consultant at #2 in fastest growing certification with large
systems integrators
• A standard in the market: # 3 in production
 BZResearch survey. 13% in 2002, 27% in 2003, largest growth of all
servers
 JDJ survey: 70% of users go to Deployment.
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J2EE Update
• JBoss has licensed the TCK for J2EE 1.4
• Work in progress
• Founders Program
 Partners who are helping JBoss with the Certification effort
include
• Borland
• Iona
• Intel
• SchlumbergerSema
• Unisys
• WebMethods
• Sonic
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Professional Open Source
• Revenue from Services
 Back Office model with EXPERTS (5% utilization)
 Focus on quality of service as sole source of income
• Attract & Retain Top Developers
 Paid Open Source Development, boost to projects
 Support is “developer to developers”
• Commercial Quality Code
 Control over the quality of source, dedicated resources
• JBoss Group, the best support for JBoss
 Direct and unique chain of control in open source:
Support → Bug Fix → Next Version
• Expand Services offering
 Include support for Tomcat, hibernate and JavaGroup
(JGroups)
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JBoss Production Support
• Staffed with the lead developers of JBoss Inc.
Projects
 Enables quick problem resolution from EXPERTS
 No navigating through levels of escalation
• Prices range from $8,000 - $250,000
 Price determined by Service Level Agreement
 Number of named projects
• NO PER CPU COSTS
 Eliminate procurement headaches
 Eliminate tracking of licenses
 Eliminate vendor audits
 Eliminate architecture decision based on cost of CPU licenses
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JBoss Authorized Service
Partner (JASP)
Expand Partnerships & Channel
 ISV and OEM
 Systems Integrators
 Systems Vendors
• Partner does 1st / 2nd line JBoss does expert 3rd
line
 Leverage installed base of JBoss
 Leverage existing partner channels to increase service
coverage
 Provide high level support with 1st line presence and 3rd line
expertise.
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JBoss the projects
• JBoss AS Full J2EE support, EJB, JMX, JMS,
JCA, JAAS
• Hibernate O/R Mapping solution.
• Tomcat JSP/Servlet/Web server.
• JBossIDE Eclipse integration, tag driven
development. Debugging.
• JBossCache Distributed data.
• JGroups Reliable multicast and cluster
communication
• Nukes JBoss portal and CMS.
• JBossAOP Aspect-Oriented Programming with
JBoss 4.0.
• Javassist Simple bytecode manipulation library
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Market Demand & JBoss Product
Evolution
Enterprise
•
•
•
•
O/R Mapping
Portal
Byte Code Manipulation
…
Tactical
Aspects, J2EE 1.4
Clustering, Tomcat, Web Services
Developer
Microkernel, JMX, J2EE API’s
Application Server
EJB
1.0
2.0
3.0
4.0
3.2
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JBoss Version
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JMX Architecture
(2/4)
• Microkernel design
 Independent cycling and loading
• Hot Deployment of services and applications
Service MBean
Service MBean
Service MBean
 Unified ClassLoaders, total Class visibility/cyclability
Server JVM
 Service Archives (SARs) for easy configuration and net deployment
MBean Server
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Deployers: Bringing in the
Services
Microkernel
DeploymentScanner
MainDeployer
Transaction
Service
SARDeployer
EARDeployer
Message Service
EJBDeployer
Security Service
Naming Service
WARDeployer
EJB Containers
Data Sources
*.xAR
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Microkernel benefits for SOA
architecture
• Microkernel approach ideal for ISV and OEM
 Easily remove the services you don’t need
 Tight footprint and modular codebase and hot
deploy/remove/redeploy
 JBoss is a TRUE Service Oriented Architecture (SOA)
WAR 1
Application A
EAR 2
JAR 1
RAR 3
JAR 3
RAR 3
Microkernel
DeploymentScanner
MainDeployer
SARDeployer
EARDeployer
Microkernel
Transaction
Service
DeploymentScanner
Security Service
MainDeployer
Naming Service
SARDeployer
EARDeployer
EJBDeployer
Data Sources
WARDeployer
Custom SAR
*.xAR
Application B
Transaction
Service
Message Service
Security Service
Naming Service
EJB Containers
Data Sources
*.xAR
Custom SAR
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Deployers: Working from the
Network
Machine 1
Machine 2
Microkernel
Microkernel
DeploymentScanner
DeploymentScanner
Load Services
MainDeployer
MainDeployer
HTTP Scan
HTTP Scan
Deployment
Packages
Web Server
Administrator
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Deployers: Working from the
Network
• Microkernels and netboot enable new grid control
 Domain of applicability: Robot control, Storage area networks,
Next generation routers
 Mars Lander syndrome hardware ships with software
• Burn kernel in flash ram
 Deploy applications from centralized repository
 Remote load at a later time
 It changes the way robot/router grids are built, deployed and
Machine 3
managed.
Microkernel
Microkernel
Machine 2
Microkernel
DeploymentScanner
MainDeployer
DeploymentScanner
Machine 1
Machine 4
DeploymentScanner
MainDeployer
Machine 5
Microkernel
MainDeployer
DeploymentScanner
Microkernel
MainDeployer
Machine 6
Microkernel
DeploymentScanner
DeploymentScanner
MainDeployer
Web Server
Administrator
Deployment
Packages
MainDeployer
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JBoss 3.x Series EJB
• EJB 2.0
 No compiler approach (speed of development)
Server JVM
 Externalized stack of interceptors (AOP)
 Full CMP 2.0 engine migrating to Hibernate backend
EJB Container MBean
 Integration with Tomcat in memory
 Advanced Security
Port 1234
Client JVM
Typed
Interface
Invocation
011101010101
Client
RemoteInvoker
Port 4321
JMX Microkernel
RemoteInvoker
EJB Container MBean
Service MBean
Client Proxy
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An EJB Container
• An EJB container is the
sum of
Transaction
Manager
Data Source
 Interceptors
 Plugins per container
Microkernel
CMP
Engine
The
Connection
Cache
Cache
Lock
Transaction
Security
Bean
Lock
Synchronization
 MBeans in the server
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Client Authentication
Overview
ClientSide
Client performs a login to establish principal and
credentials
Subsequent Bean method invocations include
principal and credential with method info
JBossServer
JaasSecurityManager validates client principal
and credentials by executing the JAAS
LoginModule stack associated with the security
domain name
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Security overview
• The JBossSX framework includes a number of
bundled login modules
 Suitable for integration with standard security infrastructure
store protocols such as LDAP and JDBC
 Also includes standard base class implementations that help
enforce the expected LoginModule to Subject usage pattern
to help integrate your own authentication protocol.
• The JBossSX framework includes an
implementation of SRP that consists of the
following elements:
 An implementation of the SRP-3 handshake protocol
 A client side JAAS LoginModule
 A JMX MBean. It also establishes an authentication cache
that is bound into the JBoss server JNDI namespace.
 A server side JAAS LoginModule implementation that uses
the authentication cache managed by the SRP JMX
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Web services in JBoss Overview:
JBoss.net
• Specifies how JBoss server components are
exposed as Web service
 Stateless Session Beans
 Web components
 POJO as servlet
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JBoss Hibernate
Hibernate
IS EJB 3.0 CMP
CMP is an API and XML mappings
Hibernate is the actual persistence engine
Hibernate caches are being integrated with
JBossCache
Full distributed data with OR backend on one
node
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Hibernate
Part of JBoss full-time
Gavin King and Christian Bauer on board
Persistence for POJOs (JavaBeans)
• Flexible and intuitive mapping
• Support for fine-grained object models
• Powerful, high performance queries
• Dual-Layer Caching Architecture (HDLCA)
• Support for detached objects (no DTOs)
• Transparent Persistence
• Automatic dirty checking
• Transitive Persistence
• Smart fetching and caching
• Smooth migration to EJB3.0
• Consulting and support available
as part of JBoss inc
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Tomcat 5.0.x improvements
• Tomcat’s Remy Maucherat is on JBoss inc staff
• Performance optimizations and reduced garbage collection
• Optional standalone deployer (validation and
precompilation of webapps)
• Scalability and reliability enhancements
• Complete server monitoring using JMX
• Improved Taglibs handling, including advanced pooling and
tag plugins
• Embedding of Tomcat using JMX
• Enhanced Security Manager support (now allows very
restrictive policies)
• Expanded documentation
• Consulting and support available as part of JBoss inc
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Tomcat standalone or Tomcat
inside JBoss ?
• Better JBoss deployer
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Hot deployment
Deployment of nested archives (EARs, SARs)
Redeployment
Automatic undeployment
• Advanced clustering
• Integrated J2EE stack within one VM
 Deployment descriptor
 Optimized local calls
 Integrated security
• AOP in JBoss 4.0 available in Tomcat components and
webapps
• Easy to use classloader
• Nukes
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JBoss IDE
• JBoss IDE is based on Eclipse.
 Series of plugins for Eclipse
• The debugging and monitoring of JBoss servers
and the control of their life cycle (start/stop).
• A very comfortable and sophisticated support
for XDoclet
 Support completion and generation
 Support for AOP (completion and generation).
• An easy way to configure and deploy the
packaging layout of archives (packed or
exploded)
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What Is JBossCache?
• What is JBossCache?
 A transactional replicated cache for JBoss with and without
AOP (aspect-oriented programming)
• A cache for frequently accessed elements
 Stateful Session Beans, HTTPSession
 Caches are used in a number of places in JBoss
•
This one provides a central cache service (MBean interface)
• All access goes through the cache


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Write-through (lazy or eager)
Reads only access the cache (very fast on cache hits)
Items not in the cache are loaded (e.g. from database)
Bounded size; old items are removed by eviction policy
• Local (=non-replicated) and replicated caches
 Replicated caches are the interesting part
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Feature
• Transactions
 All modifications done within TX, replication at TX commit. No
replication on rollback
• Locking
 Access to nodes serialized by locks
 Lock acquisition timeouts used for deadlock prevention
• Replication
 local: in-VM, no replication
 repl-async: replication done on separate thread
 repl-sync: replication done on user's thread, wait for all acks
• All combinations supported
 From local/no-tx/no-locking to repl/tx/locking
 Ex: repl-async/no-locking/TX
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Nukes on JBoss ™
• Nukes on JBoss is a port of PHP postnukes
 Scalability problems with Zend engine
 Full port to EJB/J2EE.
 Leverage the vast library of nukes modules
• Most of PN modules are ported
•
Core : offers the core functionalities to other modules
 Security, lifecycle management, parameterization
User : enables user management
• Html : stores files, filesystem is abstracted, stored in DB
• Sections : edit/publish articles
• FORUMS!!!!
•
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CMS: ease of update for nontechies
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Nukes components
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JBoss Q&A
• Website: www.jboss.org and www.jboss.com
• Email: marc.fleury@jboss.com
• THANK YOU!
• And remember we love you
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