SCIENCE 2ND TE STRONG BONES and MIGHTY MUSCLES 1. What bone protects the heart? ________________ 2. What bone protects the brain? _______________ 3. What cushions the ends of bones and forms flexible parts like your ears and nose? _____________ 4. What is the place where two or more bones meet? ______________ True or False. Some joints don’t move. _______________ Explain your answer. ___________________________________________________________________________________ Enumerate the JOINTS that allow MOVEMENTs: 1.) _________________________ 2.) _________________________ 3.) _________________________ Identification. 1.) This joint allows back and forth movement. ___________________ 2.) This joint allows side to side movement. ____________________ 3.) This joint allows circular movement. ______________________ Perform the given activity and then identify what kind of joint is working. 1.) Shake your head “No”. __________________ 2.) Bend and straight your lower leg. ___________________ 3.) Swing your arm in complete circle. ____________________ Identification/Fill in the blanks. 1.) They connect bones together at joints. _______________ It is a __________ or ___________ of very tough ______________ tissues. 2.) More than ______ MUSCLES move and protect the bones in our body. There are ____________ different kinds of muscles in the body. Enumerate: __________________________________________________________ These are strong muscles of the heart that moves on their own. _________________________ These are muscles located in the walls of _____________ vessels and ORGANS. ___________________ These are muscles attached to the BONES to make them move. ______________________ 3.) We can control the movements of these muscles. ____________________________ What kind of muscles fall under this? ____________________ 4.) We can’t control the movements of these muscles. __________________________ Explain why? _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ What kind of muscles fall under this? ________________________________ True or False. The bones cannot move on their own. ______________ Explain your answer. ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ 5.) These are strong bands of tissue that connect SKELETAL muscles to BONES. During __________________ movement, the contracting muscle pulls on this strong band of tissue, which then moves the bone. 6.) Bone + Skeletal Muscles = __________________________ Why do skeletal muscles work in pairs? _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ MUSCLE POWER Identify the kind of muscle found on the body parts listed. Write C – cardiac muscle, SM – smooth mjuscle, and SK – skeletal muscle. _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. face small intestine neck arms stomach heart Which illustration shows muscle A contracted while muscle B is relaxed? Explain your answer. A A B B ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ Answer the following questions. 1. How many appendicular bones are there in the human body? ______________________ 2. What bones provide protection to the vital organs of the body? _____________________ 3. The ADULT human body is composed of how many bones? ____________________ 4. What attaches the muscles to the bones? ____________________ Label the bones indicated by the arrow. The diagram below shows part of the skeletal system in the body. What are these bones of the skeleton called? ________________ Which part of the body do these bones serve to protect? _____________________________________________________ What is the function of our skeleton? ___________________________________________________________________________________ BREATHE IN, BREATHE OUT What system enables us to breathe? _________ We take in _______________ from the air into body and give out ____________________ from the body into the air. This is made possible by the organs of this system. ORGAN DESCRIPTION FUNCTION 1. _________________ Opening leading to the _______ cavity Passageway of air from the outside to the _________ cavity 2._________________ Cavity extending from the ____________, Passageway of air from nasal the _________, up to the _________________ cavity to the ___________ 3._________________ located in the upper part of the respiratory ___________ between the pharynx and the ___________ Passageway of air; also contains the _______ cord. 4._________________ cartilaginous flap on top of the trachea Prevents the ENTRY of ______ and __________ Into the respiratory system 5._________________ tube that has ___-shaped cartilaginous ________ from the larynx to the ______________ tubes passageway of air going to the ____________ 6._________________ ______ tubes leading to the ________ found at the end of the trachea Passageway of air from the trachea to the __________ 7._________________ fine, thin-walled, tubular extensions of the ___________ Passageway of air coming from the ___________ 8._________________ Multi-lobed air packets found at the end of the _________________ and are surrounded by many blood vessels where actual ______ exchange takes place. 9._________________ _______________-like, cone-____________ Organs composed of ____________ lobes covered by moist membranes Provide surface area for ________ exchange; FILTER _____________ waste materials. 10._________________ a muscular __________ found below The lungs. helps __________ in and _____________ AIR. Let’s REVIEW. ORGANS of the RESPIRATORY SYSTEM and their FUNCTIONS Identification. 1. It is the throat. _________________ 2. It contains the vocal cord. _________________ 3. A muscular sheet that helps draw in and expel air. _______________ 4. It prevents the entry of food and water into the respiratory system. _________________ 5. This is where the actual gas exchange takes place. ___________________ 6. It filters gaseous waste materials. __________________ 7. It is the windpipe. __________________ 8. It has X-shaped cartilaginous RINGS. _________________ 9. It is a cartilaginous FLAP. ______________________ 10. These are two tubes leading to the lungs found at the end of the trachea. _________________ Look at the drawing at your right. Name the Organs of the Respiratory System. Take note of the proper passageway of air sequence. 1. ______________________ 2. ______________________ 3.______________________ 4. ______________________ 5. ______________________ 6. ______________________ 7. ______________________ 8. ______________________ 9. ______________________ 10. _____________________ 10 What role does the nose play in the respiratory process? _________ a. It absorbs oxygen from the air. b. It receives oxygen from the air sacs. c. It carries oxygen to all parts of the body. d. It filters the dust and bacteria in the air we breathe in. Study the pictures below. Look at the pictures below. Identify which picture shows inhalation and which picture shows exhalation. Support your answer. PICTURE A PICTURE B ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ How many lobes of lungs do human beings have? _________________ What does the nose play in the respiratory process? ___________________________________________________________________________________ How does breathing rate carry according to age? ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ANIMALS Describing the general characteristics of animals. Why CLASSIFY? ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ Who pioneered in classifying living things? ________________________________ What are living things that are green and not moving? ________________ What are living things that are green and can move? __________________ He also used size (small, medium, tall) and the places where living things live: 1. ___________ 2._____________ 3. _______________ as bases for classification. Who improved the pioneer’s system of classification? _______________________ What is his book which contained an outline for classifying all known and yet to be discovered organisms according to the greater or lesser extent of their similarities? _________________________ Living things are classified into how many kingdoms? ___________ What is the most specific group? _____________ Give the Linnaeus’s System of Classification: A DICHOTOMOUS KEY is a tool that allows the user to determine the identity of items in the natural world, such as trees, wildflowers, mammals, reptiles, rocks, and fish. Keys consist of a series of choices that lead the user to the correct name of a given item. "Dichotomous" means "divided into two parts". Therefore, dichotomous keys always give two choices in each step. Complete the key below. YES YES Swims NO Legs YES Feathers NO NO COMPARING VERTEBRATES and INVERTEBRATES Animals can be classified into two main groups: Vertebrates and invertebrates. The main difference between vertebrates and invertebrates is that invertebrates do not have a backbone or a spinal column. Examples of vertebrates include humans, birds and snakes while examples of invertebrates include insects and flatworms. Comparison chart Differences — Similarities — About Invertebrate Vertebrate Animals without a backbone Animals with an internal skeleton made of bone are called vertebrates. Kingdom Animalia Multicellular; no back bone; no Physical cell walls; reproduce sexually; Characteristics heterotrophic. Examples Insects, flatworms etc. Classification 30 phyla Phylum Chordata Size Small and slow moving. Species 98% of animal species are invertebrates. Number of 2 million species Animalia Well-developed internal skeleton; highly developed brain; have advanced nervous system; outer covering of protective cellular skin. Parrots, Humans, snakes etc Classified into five groups: fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals. Chordata Big in size. 2% of the animal species are vertebrates. 57,739 My PALS are HERE 4A pp 33-48 What is the largest animal on LAND? ______________________ Is it a vertebrate or an invertebrate? ___________________ Why is it important to classify animals? ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ Fill in the blanks. 1. We can classify animals based on their ____________________. 2. All the animals in the same group have some ___________________ characteristics. 3. Classifying animals help us to _______________ and understand them better. 4. animals are divided into two main groups, ___________________ and _______________________ 5. Invertebrates are animals without a ______________________________ and vertebrates are animals with a ___________________________. VERTEBRATES can be classified into 5 groups: 1.___________________ Give examples: ____________________________________ 2.___________________ Give examples: ____________________________________ 3.___________________ Give examples: ____________________________________ 4.___________________ Give examples: ____________________________________ 5.___________________ Give examples: ____________________________________ What are the common characteristics of MAMMALS? 1. Habitat Mammals can be found in a wide variety of places. Some mammals live in _________ places while others live in ___________ places. Mammals can be found on ___________ and ________________. 2. Body covering Mammals are the only animals with __________ on their bodies. 3. Structure Most mammals walk on _________ legs. Some mammals such as _______ fly. Other mammals such as __________ and ___________ have fish-like shapes. 4. Breathing Mammals breathe using their __________. 5. Reproduction Most mammals give birth to their _________. Mammals ____________ their young. The babies of mammals feed on their _____________________. What are the common characteristics of BIRDS? Are birds invertebrates or vertebrates? _____________________ 1. Habitat Birds can be found in a wide variety of places. Some birds live in _________ places while others live in warmer places. 2. Body covering Birds are the only animals with _________________. The feathers of a bird help it fly. However, not all birds can fly.? 3. Structure All birds have a _______, _______ wings and ______ legs. 4. Breathing Birds breathe using their ___________. 5. Reproduction Birds reproduce by ______________________. Each is protected by a hard ____________. What is the biggest of all birds? _________________ How big are its eyes?. ____________________ Describe how big its egg is. _____________________________________________________________________________ What are the common characteristics of FISH? Are fish vertebrates or invertebrates? ________________ 1. Habitat Some fish live in __________ and some fish live in _____________________. Fish can be found underwaer in ___________, ________, _________, and ___________. 2. Body covering The bodies of most fish are covered with _____________. 3. Structure Fish have _______, __________________ and __________. Their ________ help them swim. 4. Breathing Fish breathe in ________, using their ________ to help them. 5. Reproduction Most fish reproduce by laying eggs. What the special fish that gives birth to its young? ___________ What would be the result if fish are catched in large numbers? ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ What are the common characteristics of AMPHIBIANS. Are amphibians vertebrates or invertebrates? _____________ 1. Habitat Amphibians can live both on _________ and in ____________. 2. Body covering The skin of amphibians is always kept _____________. They do not have ___________, feathers or hairs. 3. Structure Amphibians have body structures that allow them to move a bout on ________ as well as in _____________. Amphibians are ________-blooded animals. The body _____________________________ of an amphibian changes with its environment. 4. Breathing Adult amphibian breathe through their __________ and ______________. Describe how a frog breathes on land and when underwater. _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ How does a frog drink? ___________________________________________________ 5. Reproduction Amphibians lay their eggs in _________. The young of amphibians look like _________ fish and live in _________. They breathe through their _________. What are the common characteristics of REPTILES? Are reptiles vertebrates or invertebrates? _____________________ 1. Habitat Reptiles can be found both on __________ and in _____________. 2. Body covering The bodies of reptile are ________ and covered with ____________. Give examples of reptiles belonging to a special group that do not have this kind body covering but instead have a hard ________ to protect their bodies. __________________________________________________________ 3. Structure Most replies walk on ______ legs. Some reptiles such as _______ do not have legs. Reptiles are ______-blooded animals. 4. Breathing Reptiles breathe through their ____________. How does a snake take in oxygen? ________________________________________________ 5. Reproduction Most reptiles lay ________ with hard ________. Explain how a chameleon lizards are able to escape from their enemies. ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ True or False. _____1. Humans are classified in the same group as elephants and tigers. _____2. Vertebrates may be classified into four groups. _____3. All the animals in the same group have SOME characteristics that are SIMILAR. _____4. Mammals are the only animals with hair on their bodies. _____5. Some mammals FLY. _____5. A shark is a mammal just like the dolphins and whales. _____6. Birds are the only animals with feathers. _____7. All birds can fly. _____8. All birds have a beak. _____9. Some amphibians have scales. _____10. The body of an amphibian changes with its environment. _____11. All reptiles have legs. _____12. Reptiles and amphibians are cold-blooded animals. FILIPINO WIKA PANGALAWANG TERMINO Mga Payak na Pangungusap Panuto: Tukuyin kung ang simuno at panaguri ng bawat payak na pangungusap ay payak o tambalan. Sa patlang isulat ang titik P kung ang simuno o panaguri ay payak at T kung ito ay tambalan. simuno panaguri _____ _____ 1. Kinain ng malaking agila ang ahas sa damo. _____ _____ 2. Nagbisikleta patungo sa palaruan sina Helen at Kaye. _____ _____ 3. Si Lisa ay naglaba ng mga damit at nagplantsa ng mga uniporme. _____ _____ 4. Ang aso at pusa ay kumain ng mga tira at nagpahinga sa bakuran. _____ _____ 5. Maghihilamos at magsisipilyo muna ang kuya ni Marie. _____ _____ 6. Si Jose at ang kanyang asawa ay nangangailangan ng bagong sekretarya. _____ _____ 7. Si Ate Fe ay naghahanap ng trabaho sa siyudad. _____ _____ 8. Ang kare-kare, sinigang, at adobo ay inihanda para sa mga panauhin. _____ _____ 9. Sa bukirin itinanim at namunga ang mga puno ng niyog at mangga. _____ _____ 10. Ang mag-anak ay kumain sa Jollibee at nanood ng sine. _____ _____ 11. Nagsusulat ng sanaysay ang kamag-aral ko. _____ _____ 12. Ang mga pulo ng Bohol, Cebu, at Siquijor ay kabilang sa mga lalawigan ng Gitnang Visayas. _____ _____ 13. Ang mangingisda ay namangka at lumangoy sa gitna ng malaking lawa. _____ _____ 14. Ang pampasaherong dyip at traysikel ay nakaparada sa labas. _____ _____ 15. Si Ginoong Franco ay dumaan sa opisina at kinausap ang mga tauhan niya. Mga Payak na Pangungusap Panuto: Isulat ang hinihingi sa bawat bilang. 1. Ang tito, tita, at mga pinsan ko ay magbabakasyon sa Boracay. Simuno : _____________________________________ Panaguri : _____________________________________ Kayarian : _____________________________________ 2. Si Andres ay nagising, bumangon, at dumungaw sa bintana. Simuno : _____________________________________ Panaguri : _____________________________________ Kayarian : _____________________________________ 3. Si Ginang Trinidad at ang kanyang tatlong anak ay pumunta sa grottoat nag-alay ng mga bulaklak sa imahen. Simuno : _____________________________________ Panaguri : _____________________________________ Kayarian : _____________________________________ 4. May magandang-loob at laging mapagkakatiwalaan si Jean at ang kanyang kambal na si John. Simuno : _____________________________________ Panaguri : _____________________________________ Kayarian : _____________________________________ 5. Naawa si Nicole sa mga taong nasalanta ng dumaang bagyo. Simuno : _____________________________________ Panaguri : _____________________________________ Kayarian : _____________________________________ 6. Nanalo sa paligsahan at tumanggap ng gantimpala ang pinakamahusay na mang-aawit. Simuno : _____________________________________ Panaguri : _____________________________________ Kayarian : _____________________________________ 7. Dinarayo ng mga dayuhang turista ang mga magagandang tanawin. Simuno : _____________________________________ Panaguri : _____________________________________ Kayarian : _____________________________________ 8. Ang guro at ang mga mag-aaral ay nagpasalamat sa doktor. Simuno : _____________________________________ Panaguri : _____________________________________ Kayarian : _____________________________________ 9. Ang panggatong, papel, at ibang kasangkapan sa bahay ay nanggagaling sa mga punongkahoy. Simuno : _____________________________________ Panaguri Kayarian : : _____________________________________ _____________________________________ 10. Ang ating mga ninuno ay sumamba sa kalikasan at naniwala sa makapangyarihang diyos na tinatawag nilang Bathala. Simuno : _____________________________________ Panaguri : _____________________________________ Kayarian : _____________________________________ 11. Sina Rodel at Tricia ay sumakay ng dyip at bumaba sa harap ng Simbahan ng Quiapo. Simuno : _____________________________________ Panaguri : _____________________________________ Kayarian : _____________________________________ 12. Puno na ng barya ang alkansya na gawa sa kawayan. Simuno : _____________________________________ Panaguri : _____________________________________ Kayarian : _____________________________________ 13. Kami ay lumibot sa Palawan at kumuha ng maraming ritrato ng iba't-ibang hayop. Simuno : _____________________________________ Panaguri : _____________________________________ Kayarian : _____________________________________ 14. Ang mga mang-aawit at mga mananayaw ay nakikinig sa mga direksiyon ng direktor. Simuno : _____________________________________ Panaguri : _____________________________________ Kayarian : _____________________________________ 15. Ang Koran ay ang banal na aklat ng mga Muslim. Simuno : _____________________________________ Panaguri : _____________________________________ Kayarian : _____________________________________ Pumili ng isang kayarian ng payak na pangungusap. Bumuo ng pangungusap ayon sa napiling kayarian. 1. Kayarian: _____________________ Pangungusap: _________________________________________________________________ Ayos ng Pangungusap Panuto: _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ Salungguhitan ang buong paksa o simuno ng bawat pangungusap. Pagkatapos, isulat sa patlang ang titik K kung ang ayos ng pangungusap ay karaniwan. Isulat ang mga titik DK kung ang ayos ng pangungusap ay di-karaniwan. 1. Ang dating sirang kalsada ay inaspalto na. 2. Masama sa katawan ang paninigarilyo. 3. Madalas kumain ng kendi at tsokolate si Benny. 4. Kami ay pupunta sa opisina ng koreo mamayang hapon. 5. Ang barkada ni Ellen ay magmemeryenda sa bahay bukas. 6. Si Tito Melchor ang maghahatid sa atin sa istasyon ng bus. 7. Nakabihis na at handa nang umalis ang mga anak natin. 8. Sina Finn at Jake ay naghahanap ng mga pambihirang karanasan. 9. Tumulong sa paglinis ng bakuran sina Juan at Jose. 10. Tumagal nang higit sa dalawang oras ang programa. 11. Dadalo kami sa pagdiriwang ng kaarawan ni Jessica. 12. Tayo ay magbabakasyon sa isang magandang resort sa Batangas. 13. May mga alagang aso at pusa ang pinsan ko sa probinsiya. 14. Masyadong maasim ang manggang ibinigay sa akin. 15. Gaganapin sa bahay ni Ollie ang munting salusalo. Panuto: Isulat ang mga pangungusap na nasa karaniwang ayos sa di-karaniwang ayos. Kung ang ito ay nasa di-karaniwang ayos, isulat naman ito sa karaniwang ayos. 16. Si Ate Sheila ay gumigising nang maaga para magluto ng almusal. ___________________________________________________________________________________ 17. Nakatira ang kaibigan ko sa kabilang subdibisyon. ___________________________________________________________________________________ 18. Magluluto si Tita Nadia ng masarap na kare-kare. ___________________________________________________________________________________ 19. Ang mga lumang damit at sapatos ay ibibigay ko sa bunso namin. ___________________________________________________________________________________ 20. Sila ay sasama sa atin papunta sa Museo Pambata. ___________________________________________________________________________________ Panuto: Bumuo ng pangungusap na nasa karaniwang at di-karaniwang ayos tungkol sa sariling paksang ibinigay. 1. Karaniwang Ayos a. Paksa: ________________________ b. Pangungusap: __________________________________________________________________________ 2. Di-karaniwang Ayos c. Paksa: ________________________ d. Pangungusap: __________________________________________________________________________ _ PAGSUSURI sa URI ng PANGUNGUSAP AYON sa GAMIT. Uri ng pangungusap Panuto: Isulat sa patlang ang uri ng pangungusap. Gamitin ang mga sumusunod na titik: PS (pasalaysay), PT (patanong), PD (padamdam), PU (pautos), at PK (pakiusap). _____ 1. Yehey, bakasyon na naman! _____ 2. May balak ba kayong puntahan ngayong bakasyon? _____ 3. Hindi ko pa alam kung saan kami magbabakasyon. _____ 4. Bisitahin ninyo ang lolo at lola ninyo sa probinsiya. _____ 5. Oo nga! Siguradong matutuwa sila. _____ 6. Saan ba sila nakatira? _____ 7. Nakatira sila sa Lungsod ng Cebu. _____ 8. Ipakita mo sa akin sa mapa kung nasaan ang Cebu. Lagyan ng angkop na bantas ang patlang at isulat naman ang titik na kumakatawan sa uri ng pangungusap sa patlang bago ang bilang _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ A. Pasalaysay C. Pautos/Pakiusap B Patanong D. Padamdam 9. Pakiabot sa akin ang mapa ng Pilipinas____ 10. Matatagpuan ba sa Luzon ang Cebu____ 11. Ay____ wala sa Luzon ang Cebu____ 1 2. Matatagpuan sa Visayas ang Lungsod ng Cebu____ 13. Paano kayo makakarating sa Visayas____ 14. Sumasakay kami ng eroplano____ 15. Wow____ Gusto ko ring makapunta sa Cebu____ Bumuo ng hinihinging uri ng pangungusap sa bawat paksang ibibigay. 1. Paksa: ____________________ Pasalaysay: ___________________________________________________________________ 2. Paksa: ____________________ Padamdam: __________________________________________________________________ 3. Paksa: ____________________ Patanong: ___________________________________________________________________ 4. Paksa: ____________________ Pautos: __________________________________________________________________ 5. Paksa: ____________________ Pakiusap: ___________________________________________________________________ Tukuyin sa pangkat kung anong pangungusap ang may naiibang uri ayon sa gamit nito. Lagyan ng () ang patlang na katapat nang naiibang pangungusap. A _____ 1. Nais maglaro sa palaruan ang magkakapatid. _____ 2. Pakisabi po kay Nanay na nasa palaruan kami. _____ 3. Umuwi kayo bago lumubog ang araw. B _____ 4. Gusto ba ninyong maglaro? _____ 5. Aba, sige! _____ 6. Anong laro ang gusto ninyo? C _____ 7. Gusto kong maglaro ng habulan. _____ 8. Maglaro tayo ng habulan. _____ 9. Sinu-sino ang gusto ng habulan? D _____ 10. Naku, ayaw kong maging taya! _____ 11. Magjack-en-poy muna tayo. _____ 12. Juan, pakibantay muna ng bag ko. E _____ 13. Masayang naglaro ang mga bata. _____ 14. Hahabulin ka ng taya! _____ 15. Yehey! Magkikita ulit tayo rito bukas. Basahin ang mga pangungusap. Ibahin ang uri ng pangungusap ayon sa gamit na ibinigay. 1. Ang mga punong mangga ay hitik sa bunga. Padamdam: ___________________________________________________________________ 2. Wow! Ang sarap ng hinog na mangga! Pasalaysay: __________________________________________________________________ 3. Kailan tayo babalik sa bukid? Pautos: ______________________________________________________________________ 4. Kumuha ka ng basket. Pakiusap: ______________________________________________________________________ 5. Kumain na tayo. Patanong: ______________________________________________________________________ Bumuo ng iba’t ibang pangungusap mula sa naibigay na mga pangungusap. 1. Kailangan nating magtulungan upang umunlad ang ating bansa. Patanong: ________________________________________________________________ Pakiusap: ________________________________________________________________ Padamdam: ______________________________________________________________ Bumuo ng pangungusap tungkol sa larawan ayon sa uri ng pangungusap na iyong ibinigay. Magkaibang uri ng pangungusap ang ibigay. 1. Uri ng pangungusap: _____________________________ Pangungusap: _________________________________________________ 1. Uri ng pangungusap: _____________________________ Pangungusap: _________________________________________________