Astroparticle Physics for Europe
Christian Spiering, DESY
1.
CAST
search for solar axions
Astroparticle Physics for Europe
see the talks later this morning
 nuclear
astrophysics
ISOLDE, n-TOF
see the talks of Huyse yesterday and others this afternoon
NA-61

air showers
see the talks of Gazdzisky and Van Leuwen yesterday
… are examples for CERN experiments
on astroparticle physics or closely related
to astroparticle physics
2.
CERN Recognized Experiments
Astroparticle Physics for Europe
RE1
(AMS) Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer (AMS) for Extraterrestrial Study of Antimatter, Matter and
Missing Matter on the International Space Station
RE3
(AUGER PROJECT) The Pierre Auger Observatory Project
RE5
(EXPLORER) The Gravitational Wave Detector EXPLORER
RE6
(ANTARES) ANTARES: An Undersea Neutrino telescope
RE7
(GLAST) GLAST
RE8
(LISA) LISA
RE9
(NESTOR) NESTOR-Neutrino Extended Submarine Telescope with Oceanographic Research
RE10 (ICECUBE) IceCube
RE11 (MICE) Muon Ionization Cooling Experiment
RE12 (MEG) MEG: search for the mu e decay at PSI
RE13 (T2K) Neutrino Oscillation Experiment at JHF
RE14 (KATRIN) Tritium beta-decay experiment for direct measurement of the electron neutrino mass
RE15 (WARP) Search for cold dark matter using a cryogenic noble liquid detector
RE16 (HESS) High Energy Stereoscopic System
RE17 (MAGIC) MAGIC Major Atmospheric Gamma Imaging Cherenkov Telescope
RE18 (ArDM) ArDM: Search for Dark Matter in the Universe with Liquid Argon
RE2B (PAMELA) Search for Antimatter in Space
3.
CERN Recognized Experiments
Astroparticle Physics for Europe
This status is translated to reality on different levels:
 „essentially symbolic“
 Using CERN for meetings
 Using CERN as executive financial institution (e.g
Auger, Antares)
 Input from CERN experiments (e.g. NA-61  Auger)
 Assembly and testing of detectors (e.g. AMS, ArDM)
4.
Astroparticle Physics for Europe
Founded 2001
 Steering Committee and Physics Review Committee
 Promote cooperation within European APP community
 Develop long term strategies for European APP, offering advice to national
funding agencies and EU
 Improve links and coordination between European APP and the scientific
programmes of organisations like CERN, ESA, and ESO
 Express views on APP in international forums, such as OECD, UNESCO etc.
Launched 2006




The ERA-Net of Astroparticle Physics
Funded by EU FP6 (2.5 M€/3yr from July 2006)
Phase 2 recently approved (July 2009 – 2012)
Coordination with ASTRONET (the ERA-Net of
astronomers) and also CERN strategy bodies
14 countries14
countries
+CERN
+CERN
 Roadmap for APP in Europe
5.
Astroparticle Physics for Europe
2007
• science case
• status: overview
• recommendations
for convergence
2008
• Critical assessment of plans
• Calendar for milestones and decisions
• Input for ESFRI Roadmap
• Coordinated with ASTRONET
(Long write-up with detailed data and arguments in work)
6.
Astroparticle Physics for Europe
Font size corresponds to
realization time (not importance!)
Einstein Telescope E.T.
Megaton (LAGUNA)
Ton-scale
Double Beta
Auger-Nord KM3NeT
Ton-scale
Dark Matter
CTA
7.
Astroparticle Physics for Europe
Particle Physics
Astrophysics
Double Beta Dark Matter LAGUNA KM3NeT
Auger CTA E.T.
Einstein Telescope E.T.
Megaton (LAGUNA)
Ton-scale
Double Beta
Auger-Nord KM3NeT
Ton-scale
Dark Matter
CTA
8.
Astroparticle Physics for Europe
Particle Physics
Astrophysics
Double Beta Dark Matter LAGUNA KM3NeT
Auger CTA
E.T.
Majorana nature
nu mass
Cosmology
SUSY
Proton decay
nu astronomy
accelerator beam
(oscillations)
nu astronomy
nu oscillations
indirect DM and
other exotic particles
Astrophys.
Indirect DM
Astrophysics
GZK physics
Test Relativity
Extreme objects
9.
Astroparticle Physics for Europe
Particle Physics
Astrophysics
Double Beta Dark Matter LAGUNA KM3NeT
Auger CTA
E.T.
Majorana nature
nu mass
Cosmology
SUSY
Proton decay
nu astronomy
accelerator beam
(oscillations)
nu astronomy
nu oscillations
indirect DM and
other exotic particles
Astrophys.
Indirect DM
Astrophysics
GZK physics
Test Relativity
Extreme objects
10.
Astroparticle Physics for Europe
Investment and maintenance (no personnel)
Increase in
personnel
cost will be
smaller !
11.
Astroparticle Physics for Europe
• Double Beta Decay  see talk of L. Baudis
• Dark Matter Search  see talks of Baudis, Papaevangelou and Meissner
In the following:
• AMS
• LAGUNA: Underground detector(s) on the 0.1-1
Megaton scale  see also the talk of A. Rubbia yesterday
• KM3NeT
• Astroparticle Theory
12.
Astroparticle Physics for Europe
 „Pamela King-Size“ at the ISS




Search for dark matter
Search for anti-matter
Heavy primary nuclei
Cosmic ray propagation
3.5 m
 Geomagnetic effects
 Solar modulation
 ISM effects
 …
Interplay of AMS science
with CERN science
Interplay of AMS/space
technologies with CERN
particle technologies
13.
AMS-02 Status and Planning Towards Launch
Astroparticle Physics for Europe
 SC Magnet now at 1.78 K
(superfluid He temperature)
 This week: start of magnet
charging
 Experiment integration to be
completed by Oct. 2009
 After 4 months Thermo/
Vacuum test in ESTEC, AMS
will be shipped to KSC for
integration on the shuttle
 Planned launch July 2010
14.
Astroparticle Physics for Europe
MEMPHYS
700 kton water
LENA
50 kt scintillator
50 m
GLACIER
100 kton liquid argon 15.
Astroparticle Physics for Europe
• Proton decay: improve sensitivity by > factor 10 and
test a new class of Supersymmetry models
• Galactic Supernova: 104- 105 events
Incredibly detailed information on the early SN phase
• Diffuse flux from past SN: probe cosmological star formation
rate
• Solar neutrinos: details of the Standard Solar Model determined
with percent accuracy
• Atmospheric neutrinos: high statistics would improve knowledge
neutrino mixing and provide unique information on the neutrino
mass hierarchy
• Geo-neutrinos: improve understanding of the Earth interior
• Indirect WIMP search
• Neutrinos from accelerators over a long baseline (also with
dedicated smaller detectors): neutrino properties
16.
Astroparticle Physics for Europe
• Future cubic-kilometre scale
neutrino telescope in the
Mediterranean Sea
• Exceeds Northern-hemisphere
telescopes by factor ~50 in
sensitivity
• Exceeds IceCube sensitivity by
substantial factor
• Scientific interest:
– Neutrino astronomy (core
energy range: 1 to 100 TeV )
– Dark Matter
– neutrino studies (cross
sections, oscillations, …)
– exotics (monopoles, …)
expect ~1 million atm. 
in cubic kilometer detectors
17.
The KM3NeT Field of View
Astroparticle Physics for Europe
2p downward
sensitivity assumed
Located in
Mediterranean
 visibility
of given
source can
be limited
to less than
24h per day
> 25%
> 75%
18.
Neutrino Oscillations
Astroparticle Physics for Europe
Some illustrative results from AMAMDA/IceCube
• Use large
atmospheric
neutrino sample,
look for νμ
disappearance and
appearance of 
• DeepCore will
help peering into
the oscillation
region
Muon neutrino survival probability
Goal for DeepCore: Threshold < 20 GeV
oscillations
19.
Exotic Oscillations
Astroparticle Physics for Europe
Some illustrative results from AMAMDA/IceCube
• Violation of Lorentz
invariance
• Quantum
decoherence
• (both appear in
quantum gravity
theories)
parameters of interest:
VLI: c/c, sin 2, phase 
QD: D3 and D8, D6 and D7
Different to standard
oscillations (~ 1/E),
effects of QG oscillations
go ~ E
Muon neutrino survival probability
VLI oscillations,
δc/c = 10-27
Conventional
oscillations
20.
Limits from 7 years AMANDA
(2000-2006)
Astroparticle Physics for Europe
Some illustrative results from AMAMDA/IceCube
QD
Amanda
4 years
99% C.L.
allowed
90% C.L.
allowed
VLI
99% C.L.
excl.
99% C.L.
excl.
90% C.L.
allowed
PRD accepted and arXiv:0902.0675
21.
Indirect Dark Matter Search
Astroparticle Physics for Europe
Some illustrative results from AMAMDA/IceCube
Sun
Earth
Detector
22.
Indirect Dark Matter Search
Astroparticle Physics for Europe
Some illustrative results from AMAMDA/IceCube
• Models with strong spin-dependent
coupling are the least constrained by
direct DM searches.
• W.r.t. spin-dependent coupling,
underice/underwater detectors are
~100 times more sensitive than direct
search experiments (Sun is mostly
hydrogen)
23.
ANTARES (RE6): Proof of Feasibility
Astroparticle Physics for Europe
• String-based detector;
• Downward-looking
photomultipliers (PMs),
axis at 45O to vertical;
• 2500 m deep.
• Currently taking data with 10
lines, completion imminent.
Latest data set
25 storeys,
348 m
14.5m
100 m
Junction Box
~70 m
24.
KM3NeT Progress and Status
Astroparticle Physics for Europe
 Technical:
- Design Study 2006-2009
(EU-funded with 9 M€)
- Conceptual Design Report 2008
- Technical Design Report 2009
 Political:
- Pilot projects ANTARES and
NESTOR are CERN RE’s
available on www.km3net.org
- High priority on ApPEC/ASPERA
and ASTRONET roadmaps
- On ESFRI 2006/08 roadmaps
- Funding commitments
(partly conditional to site)
25.
Timeline Towards Construction
Astroparticle Physics for Europe
Note: “Construction” includes the final prototyping stage
26.
Implementation Tasks
Astroparticle Physics for Europe
• Photo-sensors and optical modules
• Data acquisition, information technology and electronics
• Mechanical structures
• Deep-sea infrastructure
fields of
CERN expertise
• Deployment
• Calibration
• Associated science infrastructure
• Prototyping, project planning & management
• Operation
27.
Possible CERN Roles
Increasing intensity and impact
Astroparticle Physics for Europe
• Recognized experiment (RE)
• Structural support with limited resources
(reviewing and advisory role)
• Structural support with moderate resources
(consolidating role in technology and site
choices, project organisation etc., member of
consortium)
• Involvement with significant resources
(contribution to preparation and construction,
leading member of consortium)
28.
Astroparticle Physics for Europe
Particle Physics
Astrophysics
Double Beta Dark Matter LAGUNA KM3NeT
Auger CTA
E.T.
Majorana nature
nu mass
Cosmology
SUSY
Proton decay
nu astronomy
accelerator beam
(oscillations)
nu astronomy
nu oscillations
Astrophys.
indirect DM and
Indirect DM
other exotic particles
QG effects
QG effects
Astrophysics
GZK physics
Exotic
Test Relativity
particles Extreme objects
29.
Astroparticle Physics for Europe
Particle Physics
Double Beta Dark Matter LAGUNA KM3NeT
Astrophysics
Auger CTA
E.T.
Majorana nature
nu mass
nu astronomy
nu oscillations
Astrophys.
indirect DM and
Indirect DM
other exotic particles
Proton decay
QG effects
QG effects
nu astronomy
Astrophysics
accelerator beam
GZK
physics
(oscillations)
Exotic
Test Relativity
particles Extreme objects
Cosmology
SUSY
30.
Astroparticle Physics for Europe
Particle Physics
Double Beta Dark Matter LAGUNA KM3NeT
Astrophysics
Auger CTA
E.T.
• A European Centre for Astroparticle Theory
could be established either in one of the
European countries or at CERN. Given the
synergy between LHC physics and
astroparticle physics, CERN would be a
natural host, particularly in view of several
astroparticle experiments being CERN
recognized experiments.
31.
Astroparticle Physics for Europe
32.