继续教育学院
School of Continuing Education, Jilin University
大学英语（一）
第十三讲
授课教师：朱丽翠
Contents
• Gift card
• Congratulation card
New Practical English 1
Unit 2 Giving Thanks and Expressing Regrets
Lead-in
Warm-up
1. Why do you need to write a
gift or congratulation card?
2. When do we send
these cards?
3. How should you reply
if you receive one?
New Practical English 1
Unit 2 Giving Thanks and Expressing Regrets
Lead-in
Read and translate
Read and translate the cards
in Section I.
New Practical English 1
Unit 2 Giving Thanks and Expressing Regrets
Lead-in
Read and translate
A Gift Card
Dear Joyce,
The roses are from our own garden. We send them
to you with love. Hope you enjoy their beauty and
sweet smile.
Please take good care of yourself. We wish you a
quick
Recovery.
Best regards,
Yours
Mary Kent
Reply to the gift sender
Dear Mary,
The roses you sent me yesterday are right near me on the table.
Some of them opened this morning. The flowers are so lovely and
sweet that they make me feel much better. It was really very
thoughtful of you. Thank you ever so much.
Most thankful
Joyce Lamb
A congratulation card
Sample analysis
People often write and send a
congratulation card to congratulate people
on such joyful occasions as celebrating
one’s promotion, wedding, birthday,
graduation, etc. Congratulation cards are
also exchanged on holidays. The language
used in a congratulation card usually
sounds courteous and complimentary.
A congratulation card
The sentences used in a
congratulation card:
1. Best wishes for a Merry Christmas and
a Happy New Year.
2. Congratulations and all good wishes!
3. Best wishes from all of us on your
birthday.
A congratulation card
The sentences used in a
congratulation card:
4. The best of luck to you and your family.
5. I wish you every success at your new
post.
6. We hope you will have nothing but joy
and happiness.
A congratulation card
The sentences used in a
congratulation card:
7. Let me offer my warmest
congratulations.
8. Please accept my heartiest
congratulations on the successful
completion of the project.
A congratulation card
Dear Mr. Alright,
Congratulations on your being named this year’s Outstanding
Manager. I once visited one of your branches and was very much
impressed. I am sure you deserve this honor. And I feel so happy
for you.
Best wishes for your even greater success to you in the coming new
year!
Sincerely,
John Black
Reply to the congratulation
Dear Mr. Black,
Thank you very much for your congratulation card. I am
highly honored by the kind words you said about me. Please
accept my deep gratitude for your help and support throughout
the year.
I’m looking forward to our further cooperation in the future.
Sincerely,
Bill Alright
继续教育学院
School of Continuing Education, Jilin University
大学英语（一）
第十四讲
授课教师：朱丽翠
Contents
Express pleasure and
thanks on receiving a gift
or help
New Practical English 1
Sample dialogues
Warm-up
Do you know how to
express thanks in
English?
New Practical English 1
Speak out — expressing thanks
A. It was/is so … of you to …
Tips:
generous, send me such
a fine and beautiful gift
New Practical English 1
Speak out — expressing thanks
B. Thank you for…
Tips:
the book you sent me
doing me a favor
arranging everything for us
New Practical English 1
Speak out — expressing thanks
C. Many thanks for…
Tips:
allowing me to use your cell phone
your kind and caring letter
New Practical English 1
Speak out — expressing thanks
D. I’m (very) grateful (to you) for…
Tips:
all the help and encouragement
you’ve given me
your generous hospitality
New Practical English 1
Speak out — expressing thanks
New Practical English 1
Sample 1
Thank You for the Beautiful Flowers
• J : Hello, Mary!
• M: Hi, Joyce. How are you feeling now?
• J : Oh, much better. Thank you. And thank you very much
for the roses. They are so lovely!
• M: I'm glad you like them. You know they are from
•
my own garden.
• J : Yes, I know. Some of the flowers opened this
•
morning. So beautiful and sweet!
• M: I know you love flowers ,and I hope you enjoy
•
their company.
• J : Surely, I will. You are always so thoughtful, Mary.
• M: I'm happy you like the flowers.
New Practical English 1
Here is a group of short dialogues. Follow the examples
to make more conversations with your partner.
Task 1
A: Let me help you with the packing
B: Oh, thank you. You’re been most
helpful whenever I’m in trouble.
A: It’s my pleasure to be of any help.
B: Thanks. I do appreciate your kindness.
Task: Offer your friend a help and reply to
his thanks.
Task 2
A: Jane, I’m coming to say good-bye. I’m leaving
tomorrow.
B: Why so soon? Can’t you stay a few days longer?
A: No. And I just can’t leave without thanking you
for all you've done for me.
B: It’s so nice to have had you here. It’s a pity that
you are leaving.
A: I enjoyed myself immensely. I hope I can do
something in return for you someday.
Task: Give heart-felt thanks to a friend who once
treated you kindly.
Task 3
A: It was so generous of you to send me such
a fine and beautiful gift.
B: I’m glad you liked it. I made it myself.
A: It was really splendid. I don’t know how to
express my thanks.
B: The pleasure is mine.
Task: Give heart-felt thanks to a friend who
gave you a beautiful gift.
Sentences for
giving gifts and replies:
1. Thank you very much for the roses.
2. I’m glad you like them.
3. I hope you enjoy these flowers.
4. You are always so thoughtful.
5. I’m happy/pleased you like the flowers.
6. Thanks for your kind words.
New Practical English 1
继续教育学院
School of Continuing Education, Jilin University
大学英语（一）
第十五讲
授课教师：朱丽翠
Contents
• Congratulating and responding to
congratulations
Sample dialogues
Warm-up
Do you know how to express your
congratulations in English?
New Practical English 1
Speak out —
expressing congratulations
New Practical English 1
Speak out —
expressing congratulations
请接受我最诚挚
的祝贺。
New Practical English 1
Speak out —
expressing congratulations
New Practical English 1
Speak out —
expressing congratulations
May
an old friend
请允许你的老朋友
congratulate
you for
为你取得硕士学位
obtaining
your
向你表示祝贺。
Master’s Degree.
New Practical English 1
Sample 2
Congratulations on the Promotion
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
B: Congratulations, Mr. Alright! I’ve got the good
news that you were named Outstanding
Manager.
J: Thank you, Mr. Black.
B: I really feel happy for you. I know you deserve the
honor.
J: It’s very kind of you to say so.
New Practical English 1
Sample 2
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
B: I have visited one of your branches and I was
very much impressed.
J: I owe much to your kind help and support,
Mr. Black.
B: I’m sure you and your company will be more
successful in the coming year.
J: Thanks for your kind words. I’m looking forward
to our continued cooperation in the future.
Sentences for
congratulations and replies:
1. Congratulations, Mr. Albright! I’ve
heard the good news that you were
named this year’s Outstanding
Manager.
2. I feel really happy for you.
3. I know you deserve this honor.
4. It’s very kind of you to say so.
5. I owe my success to your kind help
and support.
New Practical English 1
继续教育学院
School of Continuing Education, Jilin University
大学英语（一）
第十六讲
授课教师：朱丽翠
Contents
• Expressing regrets and asking for forgiveness
• An apology letter
Sample dialogues
Warm-up
Do you know how to
express regrets and
ask for forgiveness
in English?
New Practical English 1
Speak out — expressing regret
and asking for forgiveness
Situations
forgetting to bring the
sample of the product
interrupting you again
forgetting the class
meeting
Usable sentence patterns
I’m (terribly) sorry that…
I do apologize for…
Excuse me.
Forgive me for…
missing the appointment
I feel terribly sorry for…
couldn’t reply to your email as soon as possible
I apologize that…
not informing you of the
news
I hope you will accept my
sincere apologies for…
Please forgive me.
New Practical English 1
A. I’m terribly sorry that
I’ve forgot to bring the
sample of the product.
B. I do apologize for this.
C. Excuse me. Forgive me
for interrupting you
again.
D. I’m so sorry that I’ve
forgot the class
meeting.
New Practical English 1
E. I feel terribly sorry for
missing the
appointment.
F. I apologize that I couldn’t
reply to your e-mail as
soon as possible.
G. I hope you will accept
my sincere apologies for
not informing you of the
news.
New Practical English 1
H. Please forgive me.
Task 4
A: I’m terribly sorry, Mr. Johnson. I forgot to
bring the sample of the product.
B: Never mind. We could talk about it tomorrow.
A: I do apologize for this.
B: It doesn’t matter. Just see that such things
won’t happen again.
Task: Apologize to your teacher for not being
able to finish your homework on time.
Task 5
A: Excuse me, Professor. Forgive me for
interrupting you again.
B: Never mind. What’s it?
A: I’ve got another question to ask you.
B: That’s fine. Go ahead.
Task: Interrupt someone’s talk in a polite way.
An apology letter
Sample analysis
An apology letter is written to
apologize for having done something
wrong or for failing to do something.
Apology letters are usually brief and
direct to the point. Of course, they
should sound sincere and polite.
An apology letter
The sentences used to make an apology:
1. I’m very sorry to have kept you waiting
so long for this late reply.
2. I’m terribly sorry for not being able to
offer you the help you needed.
3. I must apologize for letting you down.
An apology letter
The sentences used to make an apology:
4. I hope you will accept my sincere
apologies.
5. I can’t tell you how sorry I was.
An apology letter
The sentences used to make an apology:
6. I sincerely apologize for being late for
the work luncheon yesterday.
7. I regret that I shall not be able to come
to the evening party next Sunday.
• Dear Mrs.White,
I just heard the awful news from my son that our dog
climbed into your backyard and did some damage to your
flower beds. At this moment, my husband is expanding the
fence so the dog will not climb over it again , i would like to
talk to you at your convenience about how i might replace the
ruined plants, although i'm sure that nothing can compensate
for the destruction of your flowers and the loss of time and
effort that went into growing them. For that i can only offer
my most genuine apologies
•
Sincerely
•
Marry Green
•
Marry Green
•
Applied writing - Exercises
Key to Ex. 4:
尊敬的怀特夫人：
我刚刚从儿子那里得知这个糟糕的消息：我家
的狗爬进您家的后院把花坛弄坏了。此刻我先生正
在把围栏加高，狗不能再爬过围栏。我希望能在您
方便的时候同您谈一谈有关赔补损坏的花草之事，
尽管我知道损失是难以挽回的，我也无法弥补您为
侍弄这些花草所付出的时间和精力。对此，我只能
向您致以最诚挚的歉意。
您真诚的
玛丽·格林
New Practical English 1
继续教育学院
School of Continuing Education, Jilin University
大学英语（一）
第十七讲
授课教师：朱丽翠
Content
• Customs About Gift-giving and Receiving
Warm-up questions
1. When do Chinese
usually give gifts
to others?
Warm-up questions
2. What do you know
about the American
people’s habits of
gift-giving?
Customs about Gifts and Gift-giving
and Gift-receiving
• If you receive a birth announcement from your friend or co-workers, this
doesn’t mean that you have to send a gift. It is not compulsory. If you wish
to, you may give one. The best gift for babies is baby blankets, clothes or
toys.
•
For a “Bon Voyage” (送别) gift, it is better to send your present in advance
and not at the last minute. For most foreigners, flowers and things like
magazines, cosmetics and drinks are preferable. Fruit is not a good idea.
Nowadays, many people have quit smoking, so perhaps it’s better not to
send cigarettes.
• For a close friend you may give something lasting and of high quality, such
as a set of books or a wallet (with a dollar bill in it). If it is for a high school
graduate, a dictionary or a pen set will do.
• If you are a frequent weekend guest of a certain family, you may give some
small gifts to their children . Things like a book, candy and chocolate are
proper for such occasions.
Sample dialogue
• Sara：Good evening, Mick. I'm so glad you
could
come.
• Mick：Good evening, Sara.
• Sara：Please come in and take a seat.
• Mick：Happy birthday to you, Sara. This is for you.
• Sara：A gift for me?
• Mick：Sure. Congratulations on this happy day.
• Sara：Thank you. (Open the gift) Oh, it's lovely and
very beautiful.
• Mick：I'm glad you like it.
New Practical English 1
继续教育学院
School of Continuing Education, Jilin University
大学英语（一）
第十八讲
授课教师：朱丽翠
Contents
• Different Attitudes to Gift –
Giving
•
•
•
•
•
•
Attitudes
vary
even though
convey
Universal
illustrate
Reading of the passage
Different Attitudes to Gift-Giving
Para.1 People’s attitudes towards gift giving may vary
from country to country, even though the desire to
convey a feeling of friendship is often universal. Here
is an example to illustrate the differences.
Useful words and expressions
attitude n. manner, way of feeling or thinking
态度，看法
FOR EXAMPLE
1. Learning will be all the more interesting
if we take an active attitude to it.
2. Your attitude towards life is too passive.
Useful words and expressions
vary v. be, become, cause to be different
不同，变化，有差异
FOR EXAMPLE
1. The color of the soil varies from area
to area in this province.
2. Life habits vary from person to person.
Useful words and expressions
vary from … to: become to be different
饮食文化因国而异。
the food culture
The food culture varies
from country to country.
Difficult sentence
Explanation of Difficult Sentences
1 . (Para. 1) People’s attitudes towards gift giving may
v a r y f r o m c o u n t r y t o c o u n t r y, e v e n t h o u g h t h e
d e s i r e t o c o n ve y a f e e l i n g o f f r i e n d s h i p i s o f t e n
universal.
Even though is a conjunction, leading
a concessive clause, so that a contrast is
made between vary from country to
country and universal.
Useful words and expressions
Translation: 尽管希望借礼物传达友谊的愿望差不多是
全球共有的，但人们对送礼这一问题的态度则可能因国
度而异。
Example: The way people greet each other may vary
from nation to nation, even though the purpose of
greetings is quite the same.
Useful words and expressions
convey v. make known ideas, views, feelings,
etc. to other people 传达, 转达
FOR EXAMPLE
1. This picture will convey to you the beautiful
scenery of my country.
2. It’s difficult for me to convey my feelings in
a foreign language.
Useful words and expressions
universal a. belonging to all, affecting all
共同的，一致的
FOR EXAMPLE
1. Language is a universal phenomenon.
2. The pleasure of learning is universal.
Useful words and expressions
illustrate v. explain through examples, pictures,
etc. 说明，解释
FOR EXAMPLE
1. Could you please illustrate your point with
some examples?
2. This chart is used to illustrate all the
changes.
3. A good teacher often illustrates his ideas
with examples.
New Practical English 1
继续教育学院
School of Continuing Education, Jilin University
大学英语（一）
第十九讲
授课教师：朱丽翠
Contents
•
•
•
•
•
A gift-giving country
Tend
However
Require
Attach…to…
Reading of the passage
Para.2 Japan is a gift giving country. It is not unusual
in Japan to offer a gift to a person who is leaving or
has been helpful. When people do that, the gifts tend to
be substantial and expensive. However, at least in the
typical Japanese style, it is not required to attach a
thank-you note or card to the gift. Japanese people may
express their gratitude and friendship directly through
the gift they have carefully chosen and given to the
very person they love and respect.
Useful words and expressions
a gift giving country:
The form “n. + V-ing” can be used
as an adjective modifying a noun.
a sports-loving person
a tradition-observing country
Useful words and expressions
tend v. be inclined to, be likely to 倾向于,易于
FOR EXAMPLE
1. She tends to become too emotional when
she recalls her past experience.
2. We tend to talk more when our listeners
show interest in what we say.
Useful words and expressions
tend to do:
be likely to do
年轻人一般都喜欢流行歌曲，而老年人
则偏爱戏剧。
traditional opera
Young people tend to like pop
songs, while old people prefer
traditional opera.
Useful words and expressions
(Para. 2) However, at least in the typical Japanese
style, it is not required to attach a thank-you note or
card to the gift.
The conjunct however is used to denote contrast
to what is said before. It is a formal subject of the
main sentence, and the actual subject is the
infinitive phrase to attach a thank-you note or
card to the gift.
Useful words and expressions
Translation: 然而，至少按典型的日本风格，礼品一般
不需要附上谢条或卡片。
Example: Northern China is cold in winter. However,
at least in the coastal city of Dalian, it is not necessary
to wear a heavy overcoat outside in winter.
Useful words and expressions
require v. need,depend on for success or
fulfillment 要求
FOR EXAMPLE
1. It is required that we keep quiet in the
reading-room.
2. All the members of the club are required
to attend the meeting.
Useful words and expressions
attach … to:
join one thing to another
这种产品都附有说明书。
instructions
Instructions are always attached to
this kind of products.
New Practical English 1
继续教育学院
School of Continuing Education, Jilin University
大学英语（一）
第二十讲
授课教师：朱丽翠
Contents
•
•
•
•
In contrast
Care…whether
Appreciate
All the more
Reading of the passage
Para.3 In contrast , you are likely to get more cards
than gifts in the United States. A card may come
with a small gift or no gift at all. In general, American
people don’t care very much whether the gift is
expensive or not. As a matter of fact, your gift to
them would be appreciated all the more if you
make it yourself instead of buying it from a store.
And the words on the card seem to be the most
important thing. When someone does not have a card
on hand, he or she would write a thank-you note on a
piece of paper, give it to you in person or put it into
your pigeon hole.
Useful words and expressions
3. (Para. 3) In contrast, you are likely to get more
cards than gifts in the United States.
In contrast is used to make a statement different
from the previous one; likely means “可能” in
Chinese; more cards than gifts
makes
comparison between the two objects of get.
Useful words and expressions
Translation: 与此不同的是，你在美国得到的卡片可
能会远多于礼物。
Example:
In contrast, boys are likely to get more
encouragement than tender words from their
parents.
Useful words and expressions
4. (Para. 3) In general, American people don’t care
very much whether the gift is expensive or not.
Care here is the same as “Care about”, meaning
“feel interested, sorry or anxious”. Whether
introduces an object clause. It can be replaced
with “if ”, but the or not will not be used in that
case.
Useful words and expressions
• Translation: 一般说来美国人不特别关心礼物是否贵重
。
• Example: In general, I don’t care very much whether
my grades are high or not.
Useful words and expressions
appreciate v. understand and enjoy, put a high
value on 珍惜,懂得,喜欢
FOR EXAMPLE
1. You can appreciate the novel all the more
if you read it in Chinese.
2. All your kindness is highly appreciated.
Useful words and expressions
5. (Para. 3) As a matter of fact, your gift to them
would be appreciated all the more if you make it
yourself instead of buying it from a store.
All the more is used to stress the
comparative degree. This sentence could
be paraphrased like this: In fact, people will
like your gift much better if it is made by
yourself rather than bought from a store.
Useful words and expressions
• Translation: 事实上，如果你送给他们的东西是自己
动手做的而不是从商店买的，他们会对这份礼物更加
珍爱。
• Example: As a matter of fact, your opinion would
be understood all the more if you use simple
words instead of selecting complicated terms.
• The pictures make the book all the more useful.
New Practical English 1
继续教育学院
School of Continuing Education, Jilin University
大学英语（一）
第二十一讲
授课教师：朱丽翠
Warm-up questions
1. Do you write a thank-you
note to someone who has
helped you somehow? Why
or why not?
Warm-up questions
2. When you receive a thankyou note, how do you feel
about it and what will you do
with it?
A thank-you note
Thank-you notes are usually
exchanged between friends and
acquaintances, and they are brief, direct
and in an informal style. They are often
written in simple language, using
courteous words and sentences to
express the writer’s good wish or thanks.
Thank-you notes
•
•
•
•
•
•
A thank-you note should be written promptly after you have received a
gift or been invited to a party. People are always delighted to know you
value their hospitality and good will. The note needs not to be long, but
the language must be sincere and naturally intimate.
At the end of the note you’d better sign your name. Whether your
handwriting is beautiful or not, sign it personally. If the note is
typewritten, type your name in parentheses. The signed name could be
the first name or pet name, while the typed one is usually in full.
for example:
Your friend
Pinghua
(Li Pinghua)
Applied writing: A thank-you note
The sentences used in thank-you notes:
1. I want to thank you for all the help
you’ve given me.
2. Thank you once again for bringing this
to my attention.
3. It was very kind of you to send me such
a nice gift.
Applied writing: A thank-you note
The sentences used in thank-you notes:
4. Many thanks to you for inviting us.
5. I’m really very grateful to you.
6. Thank you for offering me such a nice
place to stay.
Applied writing: A thank-you note
The sentences used in thank-you notes:
7. I hope some day I will be able to pay
back the hospitality I received during
my stay at your home.
8. This is to thank you again for your
wonderful hospitality and to tell you
how much I enjoyed seeing you again.
Applied writing: A thank-you note
The sentences used in thank-you notes:
9. Thank you for doing so much to make
my trip to Shanghai very interesting.
10. First, I’d like to thank you for your
kindness and hospitality.
Sentences used in
a thank-you note:
Thanks
for
everythin
g.
Sentences used in
a thank-you note:
Thank you
for
visiting us.
Sentences used in
a thank-you note:
Thank you
for your
generous
hospitality.
Sentences used in
a thank-you note:
I enjoyed
working
with you
very much.
Sentences used in
a thank-you note:
It’s very kind
of you and
your husband
to let us stay
with you for
the wonderful
week.
Sentences used in
a thank-you note:
We enjoyed and
appreciated all
of your kindness
more than we
can say.
New Practical English 1
继续教育学院
School of Continuing Education, Jilin University
大学英语（一）
第二十二讲
授课教师：朱丽翠
Contents
•
•
•
•
•
It的用法
Instance
Meantime
Generous
Join in
Reading of the passage
Thank-you Notes
Are Heart-warming
passag
e
Reading of the passage
Thank-You Notes Are Heart-warming
Para. 1 I’m not yet very good at it , but there is one
thing I want to learn to do better. It is writing thankyou notes. When you leave after working or staying
with someone in the US, you often get a card
saying, For instance, “Mary, I enjoyed working with
you very much. Thanks for everything. Cindy. ”Or
“Dear Bob, thank you for visiting us. We had such a
good time with you. Please come back in the near
future. Love, Tom.”
Reading of the passage
Thank-You Notes Are Heart-warming
Of course, it is not just when you leave that you
get a thank- you note.They usually give one to you
when they leave after being your guests, though in
this case, they might write you another more
formal letter of thanks later on. The letter may read
like this:
Dear Mrs. Dalton,
It is so kind of you and your husband to let us
stay with you for the wonderful week. We enjoyed
and appreciated all of your kindness more than we
can say.
Reading of the passage
We hope that you will come to China some time soon
so that we may have the pleasure of seeing you in
our home. In the meantime, thank you for your
generous hospitality, and my wife joins me in
sending kindest regards to your family.
Sincerely yours,
Ken
New Practical English 1
继续教育学院
School of Continuing Education, Jilin University
大学英语（一）
第二十三讲
授课教师：朱丽翠
Contents
•
•
•
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gratitude
vivid
custom
heartwarming
Reading of the passage
Thank-You Notes Are Heart-warming
Para. 2 Sometimes people attach a thank-you note to a
gift. The gift may be big or small. It is the words on the
card that really count! They help to convey the
writers’ message, gratitude and love to the
receiver. Sometimes, cartoons are drawn on the
card to make it more vivid and personal.
Para. 3 I like the custom because those thank-you
notes are always heart-warming .
New Practical English 1
Useful words and expressions
1. (Para. 1) I’m not yet very good at it, but there is one
thing I want to learn to do better.
It here refers to writing thank-you notes
in the following sentence.
Useful words and expressions
Translation: 有件事我虽然对它不很擅长，但我希望会
学做得更好。
Example: He is not very interested in it, but he has
to put all his heart in collecting all the relevant data
for his paper.
Useful words and expressions
2. (Para. 1) Of course, it is not just when you leave
that you can get a thank-you note.
This sentence has a negative form of emphatic
structure: it is not ... that emphasizing a time clause
just when you leave.
Translation: 当然,得到感谢信不光是在你要离别的时候。
Example: Of course, it is not just what you say that
is important.
Useful words and expressions
3. (Para. 2) ... And my wife joins me in sending
kindest regards to your family.
This is one of the usual closing sentences used in
thank-you letters. Other similar expressions can be:
“They ask me to pass their sincere gratitude to you.”
“I’d like to express our hearty thanks to you on
behalf of all my friends.”
Useful words and expressions
join sb. in doing:
do sth. together with sb.
disabled people
我想和你们一起为残疾人提供服。
I’d like to join you in offering my
service to the disabled people.
Translation: 我和我的妻子向您及全家致以我们最真心的问候。
Example: All my classmates join me in sending their best regards to you.
Useful words and expressions
4. (Last para.) I like the custom because those
thank-you notes are always heart-warming.
Heart-warming here is a compound adjective,
made up of a noun and a verb’s present participle.
It could also be a gerund form. The relationship
between the two parts is that of verb-object
(warm the heart). Similar structures are:
Useful words and expressions
thanks-giving, peace-loving, stamp-collecting,
English-speaking, job-hunting, mountain-climbing.
Translation: 我喜欢这一习俗, 因为那些感谢信总那样的
温暖人心。
Example: I enjoy my job in the lab, which consists
mainly of data-collecting and data-analyzing.
Useful words and expressions
1. instance n. example, fact, etc.supporting a
general truth 例证，实例
FOR EXAMPLE
 1. This is only one instance out of many.
 2. We can rely on our company for instance.
Useful words and expressions
2. guest n. person paying a visit to another’s house
or being entertained 客人
FOR EXAMPLE
 1. We are expecting some guests for dinner tonight.
 2. Chinese people are very generous to their guests.
Useful words and expressions
3. meantime ad. (during) the same time when
something else is going on 与此同时
FOR EXAMPLE
 1. You shouldn’t date Mary and Joan in the
meantime.
 2. How can one feel stressed and relaxed in the
meantime?
Useful words and expressions
4. generous a. given freely, noble-minded, plentiful
慷慨的，大方的
FOR EXAMPLE
 1. He is always generous with his money.
 2. My father has a generous nature.
Useful words and expressions
5. sincerely ad. out of one’s heart, in a genuine
manner, not pretentiously 真诚地
FOR EXAMPLE
 1. She smiled so sincerely that I couldn’t refuse her.
 2. If you invite him sincerely, he will accept it.
Useful words and expressions
6. attach v. fasten or join one thing to another
带着，附上，系上
FOR EXAMPLE
 1. Please attach labels to your luggage.
 2. The samples are attached to the advertisement.
Useful words and expressions
7. gratitude n. thankfulness, being grateful
感激，谢意
FOR EXAMPLE
 1. My gratitude to my teacher is beyond words.
 2. I find it hard to express gratitude in a foreign
language.
Useful words and expressions
8. vivid a. lively and clear 栩栩如生的，生动的
FOR EXAMPLE
 1. She has a vivid memory of her holiday in Greece.
 2. He gave a vivid description of the event.
Useful words and expressions
9. custom n. generally accepted behavior among
members of a social group 习俗,习惯
FOR EXAMPLE
 1. It’s our custom to stand up when the national
anthem is played.
 2. Social customs vary from nation to nation.
Useful words and expressions
enjoy doing:
getting pleasure from doing
这个小男孩喜欢和哥哥踢足球。
The little boy enjoyed playing
football with his brother.
Useful words and expressions
more than we can say:
we can’t express it
in words
Our gratitude for your kind help
is more than we can say.
Useful words and expressions
have the pleasure of doing:
do sth. with pleasure
attend
我们很高兴参加您关于计算
lecture
机科学未来发展的讲座。
We have the pleasure of attending
your lecture on the future
development of computer science.
Useful words and expressions
send/give kindest regards to sb.:
give sb.’s kindly thoughts and
wishes to sb.; remember sb. to sb.
请代我问候你的父母。
Please send my kindest
regards to your parents.
Useful words and expressions
count:
have value, force, influence
or importance
For a good product, it is not the
appearance, but the quality that
really counts.
It 的用法
• 1、人称代词
1）it的最基本用法是作代词，主要指刚提到的事
物，以避免重复:
They watched the train until it disappeared in the
distance.
2）也可以指动物或婴儿(未知性别的婴儿或孩子):
Is this your dog？No, it isn’t.
They got a baby and it was a ten-pounder
3）也可指抽象事物或指抽象环境和情景:
I hate it when people talk with a full mouth.．
• 2、非人称代词
1）it有时并不指具体的东西而泛指天气、时间、
日期、距离、价值、度量、温度、环境等：
（1）指天气：It is a lovely day, isn’t it?
（2）指时间：It was nearly midnight when she
came back.
（3）指日期：It is April First today.
（4）指距离：It is some 3000 kilometers from
Beijing to Guangzhou.
（5）指价值：It is three dollars.
（6）指温度：Today it is 30 degrees centigrade.
• 3、其他用法
1）在句子的主语不太明确时充当主语，表示谁在做某事
：
Who is it there? It's I (me/you/he.....).
I thought it was Mary, but it was not she.
Her face lighted when she saw who it was.
2）泛泛的指某件事： (有时泛指一般情况)
It doesn’t matter.
It is a shame, isn’t it?
How is it going? (情况怎样)
It says in the newspaper that......
3）it用在一些词组中，it 没有特别的意思
The last train's gone. Come on, we'll foot it. (来，咱们步行
吧。)
• 4、作形式主语，替代主语从句，动词不定式，或动名词短语：
1）作形式主语替代主语从句
（1）It is clear ( obvious， true， possible， certain....) that 从句 常译
为＂┅清楚
的（显然的，真的，可能的,肯定的．．．）＂
It is very clear that he’s round and tall like a tree.
= That he’s round and tall like a tree is very clear.
（2）It is important ( necessary， right， strange， natural...) that 从
句 常译为┅是重
要的(必要的,对的,奇怪的,自然的┅).that 后的从句中要用虚拟语气（
should + 动词原形），
should 可以省去，建议记住该句型中的形容词。
It is important that we (should) learn English well.
It is necessary that he (should) remember these words.
（3）It is said (reported/
learned/believed/thought/known/told/hoped.....) that 从句 常译为
“据说（据报道，据悉…）”。
It is said that he has come to Beijing.
It is reported that another earth satellite has been put into orbit.
•
（4）It is suggested ( advised/ ordered / demanded/ insisted/ commanded... ) that
从句that
后的从句要用虚拟语气（should + 动词原形），should 可以省；常译为＂据
建议；有命令．．．）
It is suggested that the meeting ( should ) be put off.
It was ordered that we ( should ) arrive there in two hours.
（5）It is time ( about time ，high time ) that从句(虚拟语气:动词用过去时did)
It is time that children went to bed.
It is time you bought a new car.
It is (high) time you made up your mind.
（6）It is the first (second...) time that从句 (从句用现在完成时 have done )
It was the first (second...) time that从句 (从句用过去完成时had done )
常译为＂是第一（二）．．．次．．．＂。
It is the first time I have been here. = This is the first time I have been here
（7）It is a pity ( a shame /an honour/a good thing/a fact,/a surprise/... ) that从句
that后的从句一般用虚拟语气（should + 动词原形），should可省去，表示出
乎意料，常译
为＂竟然＂。 没有这种意义时，则不用虚拟语气。
It is a pity that such a thing (should) happen in your class.
这种事竟然发生在你们班上，真是遗憾！
It is a pity that he is ill. 他生病了，真遗憾！
（8）It happens (seems，looks，appears) that从句.常译为 “ 碰巧…似乎是…,看
起来…”
It happened (so happened) that he met his teacher in the street. 碰巧…
It seems that he will be back in a few days. 看来…
•
2）作形式主语替代不定式
（1）It is kind ( of sb. ) to do sth. 不定式的逻辑主语是由of引起，主句中的形容词
必须
是能表示逻辑主语特征的褒义或贬义形容词。 常见的词有：
bad，brave，careless，clever，cruel，foolish，good（好心的），honest，
horrible，kind，
lazy，modest， naughty，nice（有教养的），polite，rude，silly，stupid，
wise，wrong
（错误的）等。
这个句型可以改写为：sb. is kind to do sth. 。
如：It is kind of you to say so. = You are kind to say so.
（2）It is necessary ( for sb. ) to do sth. 不定式的逻辑主语是由for引起，主句中的
形容
词通常是表示重要性，紧迫性，频繁程度，难易，安全等情况的中性形容词
。 常见的形容词有：
important，necessary，natural easy，safe，common，normal，hard，difficult
，dangerous，
unusual，rare， impossible，pleasant
如：It is important for her to come to the party. = It is important that she (should)
come to the party.
（3）It takes sb. ... to do sth. 常译为“做…要花费某人…”。
如：It took thousands of people many years to build the Great Wall.
• 3）作形式主语替代动名词短语
It is no good / no use / useless doing sth. 常
译为 “┅有好处或没有用”
It is no good learning English without
speaking English.
It's useless trying to argue with Shylock.
• 、作形式宾语，代替不定式，动名词短语或宾语从句。
We think it important to learn a foreign language.
该句型中的it 作形式宾语，该结构中常用的动词有：think,
believe, make ,find consider,
feel； 如:
We think it our duty to clean our classroom every day.
He felt it important learning English well.
They found it difficult that they would finish their work in two
days.
The Internet makes it easier for companies to keep in touch
with customers.
• 6、it的重要句型
1）强调句型: It is/was + 被强调部分 + that 从句 (被强调的主语如果
是人，that可以由who换用)
It was about 600 years ago that the first clock with a face and an hour
hand was made.
It was they that (who ) cleaned the classroom yesterday.
It was in the street that I met her father.
It was yesterday that I met her in the street.
It is you that /who are wrong.
特例：It is not until + 被强调部分 + that ... 该句型也是强调句型。主要
用于强凋时间状语，
译成汉语“直到…才…”，可以说是 not ... until ... 的强调形式。
It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I realized she was a
famous film star.
= Not until she took off her dark glasses did I realize she was a famous
film star.
= I didn’t realize she was a famous film star until she took off her dark
glasses.
New Practical English 1
继续教育学院
School of Continuing Education, Jilin University
大学英语（一）
第二十四讲
授课教师：朱丽翠
Contents
Articles（冠词）
• 不定冠词a/an，
• 定冠词 the，
• 零冠词（不用冠词）
Articles
Sample analysis
There are two kinds of articles,
indefinite (a, an) and definite (the). They
are used to make a generic or specific
reference to an English noun. We use a/an
when we do not refer to a specific thing or
person, but one in general. We use the
when we make a specific reference to a
particular thing or person, or things or
persons.
a / an的用法
1. 表示“某种类别当中的一个”，“该类中的一
例”
A cat is an animal.猫是一种动物。
He’s a Frenchman.他是个法国人。
2. 第一次提到某物
I looked up and saw a plane. 我抬头看见了一
架飞机.
3. 用在称呼前，含有“我不认识．．．的感觉”
A Mr. Smith is waiting to see you.一位史密斯
先生正等着要见您。
a / an的用法
4. 可以表示量度单位，＂每．．．＂
40 km an/per hour 每小时40公里
twice a/per day 每天两次
5. 与可数名词连用位于what, such之后，表示感
叹，或强调程度
What a surprise! 真是让人吃惊。
My boss is such a fool! 我的老板这么蠢。
6. 用在形容词最高级前，相当于very。
This is a most useful dictionary.这是一本非常有
用的字典。
a / an的用法
7. 用在序数词前面表示“再一次，又一次”。
Ten years after the death of her husband, she got
married for a second time.在她丈夫去世十年后
，她再次结婚了。
8. 用在many, quite, rather, such, twice, what 等词
后面，构成短语。
It’s quite a problem. 这是一个相当难的问题。
I’ve never seen such an exciting football match
before. 我以前从来没见过这么精彩的比赛。
a / an的用法
9. 注意区分a/ an：一般来说，an用在元音
前，a用在非元音前。但注意下面的特殊
例子。
• a Europe (European, one-way street, union,
university, useful tool, usual way…)
• an honest man (hour, honor, a, e, h, i, l, m,
n, o, r, s, x…)
• an 80-metre-high-tower
the的用法
1. 基本用法：有明确的所指；可以与任何名词连
用
Shut the door. 关门。
Where will the meeting be held? 在哪儿开会
？
2. The + adj.表示一类人或事物
the British英国人, the rich富人, the young年
轻人,
3. 表示一天的各段时间
in the morning/ afternoon/ evening
the的用法
4. 表示独一无二的自然现象，方位，左右
the earth地球, the sun太阳, the east东, the west西,
the right右, the left左
5. 用在乐器之前
My sister is learning the flute/ piano.我妹妹在学笛子/
钢琴。
6. 用在逢十的复数数词之前，指世纪中几十年代
in the 1870’s 十九世纪七十年代 ,
7. 用在姓氏的复数形式前，表示这一家人。
the Smiths史密斯一家人
the的用法
8. 用在某些习惯表达法中的介词短语中，指有关者
的身体或衣着的一部分
• lead sb. by the hand拉着某人的手,
• hit sb. in the face打在某人的脸上,
• grasp sb. by the sleeve抓住某人的袖子
9. 用在形容词最高级和序数词前面。
• The first time I saw him was in 1990.我第一次见他
是在1990年。
Could you tell me the shortest way to the station?你
能告诉我去火车站最近的路吗？
the的用法
10. 和表示数量的名词连用，表示“以．．．为单位
”
• Eggs are sold by the dozen. 鸡蛋按打来卖。
• He is paid by the hour / the day/ week/ month.他按
小时/天/周/月来付酬。
11. 与名词连用时，要注意与不定冠词的区别。
a / the most interesting…非常有趣的… / 最有趣的
…
a / the number of
许多 / …的数量
for a/ the moment
片刻，一会儿/ 暂时，目前
give sb. a / the push
推某人一下 / 解雇某人
零冠词
1. 表示泛指或一般概念
• Snow is white. 雪是白的。
• 比较：The snow in the yard is very thick.院子里的雪
很厚。
2. 用在泛指的一日三餐前
• Have you had breakfast/ lunch/ dinner? 你 吃 早 饭 /
午饭/晚饭了吗？
• 比较：The breakfast was well cooked. 这顿早饭做得
好。
零冠词
3. 用在球类，棋类之前
• Let’s go and play football.我们去踢足球吧。
• How about having a game of chess, John? 约翰，
咱们下盘棋好吗？
4. 用在称呼语及表示家庭成员（常大写）的名词
之前
• Tom asked, “Where’s Father/ Mother/ Aunt?”
汤姆问，“爸爸/妈妈/姑姑在哪儿？”
零冠词
在表语，宾语补足语，同位语中，表示独一
无二的职位或头衔
• Who’s captain of your team? 谁是你们队长？
• He was elected monitor of our class.他被选为班长
• George Bush, president of the United States… 美国
总统布什…
6. 用在表示学科的名词之前。
English, Chinese, mathematics…
5.
零冠词
7. 在独立结构中
• The hunter entered the forest, gun in hand.猎人手拿
着枪，走进了森林。
• Child as he is, he knows a lot about the history of
China.他虽然是个孩子，却对中国历史了解很多。
8. 用在某些习惯用语中
• go to school (college, hospital, class, church, bed…)
• by bike, (bus, train, car, boat, ship, plane, air…)
• at sunrise, (sunset, noon, night, midnight)
New Practical English 1