Do you agree with the policy that the
government can take control of private land
if it believes it is in the best interest of the
country?
30%
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A
B
C
D
D
D. Strongly disagree
A
C. Somewhat disagree
A.
B.
C.
D.
22%
C
B. Somewhat agree
24%
B
A. Strongly agree
24%
Chapter 11 The Jackson Era
(1824-1845)
Section 2 Conflicts Over Land
How did Andrew Jackson’s
presidency affect Native Americans?
The Expanding Nation
• The American nation had
expanded westward
• The “Five Civilized Tribes” still
lived in the eastern part of the
country
• Cherokee, Creek, Seminole,
Chickasaw, and Choctaw
• These tribes had farming
societies with successful
economies
• Few Americans settled west of
the Mississippi River because it
was dry and seemed
unsuitable for farming
• Many wanted the federal
government to relocate Native
Americans from the Southeast
to this area
President Andrew Jackson
• Jackson supported the settlers
demand for Native American land
• Jackson had fought against
Native Americans
• In Jackson’s Inaugural address,
Jackson stated that he intended
to move all Native Americans to
the Great Plains
• Many believed the Great Plains
was a wasteland
• People thought if the Native
Americans moved to that region,
the nation’s conflict with them
would be over
Indian Removal Act
• 1830- Jackson pushed the
Indian Removal Act through
Congress
• This allowed the federal
government to pay Native
Americans to move west
• Jackson then sent officials to
make treaties with the Native
Americans of the Southeast
• Most Native American leaders
felt forced to accept payment
for their lands
• 1834- Congress created the
Indian Territory
• In present day Oklahoma this
area was set aside for the
relocation of Native Americans
from the Southeast
The Cherokee Nation
• The Cherokee refused to give up
their land
• “We wish to remain on the land of
our fathers”
• The government’s position did not
change and the Cherokee sued
the state of Georgia
• Eventually the Cherokee took their
case to the Supreme Court
• Worcester v. Georgia (1832)Chief Justice John Marshall ruled
that Georgia had no right to
interfere with the Cherokee
• Only the federal government had
power in Cherokee matters
• President Jackson supported
Georgia’s efforts to remove the
Cherokee
• Jackson ignored the Supreme
Court saying “John Marshall made
his decision, now let him enforce
it”
In Worcester v. Georgia, Chief Justice John
Marshall ruled that
A. Georgia had no right to
interfere with the Cherokee.
B. the “spoils system”
was unconstitutional.
C.
D.
A.
the federal government
B.
had no authority over
Native Americans.
C.
states had to support a national bank.
D.
A
B
C
D
Section 2
Cherokee Land
• 1835- The federal
government persuaded
about 500 Cherokee to
sign the Treaty of New
Echota
• Gave up their land
• This gave Jackson the
legal document needed to
remove the Native
Americans
• Very few Americans spoke
against it
• Daniel Webster and Henry
Clay did speak against it
The Cherokee’s Response
• Most of the 17,000 Cherokee
refused to honor the treaty
• The Cherokee wrote the
government and said the
people that signed the treaty
did not represent the Cherokee
people
• Jackson’s stance did not
change
• The Cherokee resisted until
1838 when Jackson’s
successor (Van Buren) started
their removal
• General John Wool resigned in
protest
• The new general, Winfield
Scott, arrived at New Echoa
(Cherokee capital) in May 1738
• Along with 7,000 troops- began
the invasion of the Cherokee
Nation
General Winfield Scott
• Scott threatened to use
force if the Cherokee did
not leave
• The Cherokee knew that
fighting would lead to their
destruction
• With sadness and anger,
the Cherokee leaders gave
in
• The long march to the west
began
• Around 2,000 Cherokee
died in camps waiting for
the move to begin
• About 2,000 more died on
the trip of starvation,
disease, and exposure to
brutal weather
• Called the Trail of Tears
Native American Resistance- Black Hawk
• 1832- Black Hawk
led a group of Sauk
and Fox people back
to Illinois
• The Illinois state
militia along with
federal troops
responded with
4,500 soldiers
• The Native
Americans fled and
the soldiers caught
up to them in present
day Iowa
Native American Resistance- Seminoles
• The Seminole people
successfully resisted
their removal
• Seminole chief,
Osceola, and some of
his friends refused to
leave Florida
• The Seminoles joined
with a group of escaped
enslaved African
Americans
• They attacked white
settlements using
guerrilla tactics
Native American Resistance- Seminoles Continued
• December 1835Ambushed American
soldiers under Major
Francis Dade
• Only a few of the 110
soldiers survived
• More troops were sent
down to Florida after the
Dade Massacre
• By 1842- more than
1,500 Americans died in
the Seminole wars
• The government gave
up and allowed the
Seminole to stay in
Florida
After 1842
• There were only a few Native
American groups east of the
Mississippi River
• Native Americans had given up
100 million acres of Eastern land
• In return they received $68
million and 32 million acres of
land west of the Mississippi
• Eventually white settlers would
extend into these areas as (Big
surprise!)
• The Five Civilized Tribes were
relocated to present day
Oklahoma
• There they developed
governments and built farms and
schools
• Also created a police force
Section 2
Which tribe successfully resisted
forced relocation?
A. The Cherokee
B. The Sauk
C. The Osceola
D. The Seminole
A.
B.
C.
D.
A
B
C
D
How did Andrew Jackson’s presidency
affect Native Americans?
-1. The federal government should deal
with Native American matters
-2. Intentions to move Native Americans to
the Great Plains
-3. Indian Removal Act
-4. His support for Georgia’s effort to
remove the Cherokee
-5. Treaty of Echota
Chapter 11 Section 2 Quiz
Which act allowed the federal
government to pay Native
Americans to move west?
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A
Ac
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Native American Act
Federal Act
Indian Removal Act
Settlers Act
N
A.
B.
C.
D.
25% 25% 25% 25%
Who were the only Native
Americans who successfully
resisted their removal?
25%
x
Fo
uk
Sa
ee
ro
k
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C
m
in
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Seminole
Cherokee
Sauk
Fox
Se
A.
B.
C.
D.
25% 25% 25%
Making surprise attacks and then
retreating back into the forests and
swamps is using
tactical warfare.
guerrilla tactics.
swamp tactics.
surprise warfare.
fa
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.
s.
tic
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w
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s.
25% 25% 25% 25%
ta
A.
B.
C.
D.
The Cherokee Trail of Tears
began in
25%
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am
a.
A
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b
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Fl
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.
Georgia.
Florida.
Alabama.
Kentucky.
G
A.
B.
C.
D.
25% 25% 25%
Who, along with federal troops, led
the Cherokee west on the Trail of
Tears?
25% 25% 25% 25%
rr
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ar
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liv
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fie
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W
W
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Sc
on
ks
Ja
c
re
w
A
nd
on
A. Andrew Jackson
B. Winfield Scott
C. William Henry
Harrison
D. Oliver Hazard Perry
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