Team work :
Jehad Khalaf
Raed Shehada
Ehab Esheach
Khalil Abu Eed
Supervisor:
Dr. Kamalin Shaat
Construction Management Department ,Islamic university
INTRODUCTION
1
CONSTRUCTION SITE CONDITION
2
AREA CONSTRUCTION PRACTICE
3
PRELIMANRY ESTIMATE
4
WORK PACKAGES
5
VALUE-ENGINEERING PROGRAM
6
CONSTRUCTION PLANNING
7
This chapter emphasize the role of the professional
construction manager in preconstruction planning.
Planning aims at workable program that will achieve
project goals and serve as standard against which
actual progress can be measured.
After the PCM has obtained through knowledge of job –site condition
that will affect performance of work ,preparation of work plan .
Title
AREA INVESTIGATION
• The items to investigate on the site many and varied
•Many general contractors,design-constructions,developer
& subcontractor have considerably more detailed similar
checklists.
AREA INVESTIGATION (items)
(Vegetation ,trees, terrain ,depth of topsoil ,drainage ,existing utilities ,access).
(Electricity ,gas, water ,sanitary sewer ,storm sewer ,railroad, highway,
railroad sliding)
(contact ,telephone number, building code, plan check time ,fees ,zoning
licensing ,etc)
wage rates, Expiration(Membership, manpower storage ,manpower
surplus, current agreements ,
dates ,etc .)
AREA INVESTIGATION
(list recommended general and trade contractors for further
consideration .)
(list favored local materials including current quoted price for ready-mix
concrete ,
Lumber ,imported granular base ,plywood ,masonry ,and other key
items.)
(list local prices ,or key local quotations,)
AREA INVESTIGATION
(list average maximum and average minimum temperature
,precipition,and other Significant data by months )
(visit other projects noting productivity ,favored methods ,favored
materials ,Subcontractor,etc.)
(summarize results of site and area visit and recommend significant
conclusion to betaken into account during the planning of the
program .)
Note: PCM will approach of
investigation of general
condition ,exactly as would
general contractor planning
to bid of the work.
Report Soil
•Noting the soil engineer’s Proposed foundation
recommendations.
•Determine the desirability of a separate earthwork contract
and the board scope and the extent of contract .
•Preliminary judgment can be made as methods that
should prove most economical
Note : this approach mirrors that of potential
bidder. If the contractor manager is not aware of
the potential problems and difficulties ,meaningful
estimate for the work cannot be prepared ,nor can
a bid package be framed that will minimize
uncertainties ,unneeded risks ,and hence the
contingencies that would be included by bidders
in their prices
General Planning
BY visiting the site Construction manger can :
•See access roads ,railroads ,other factors firsthand
•Chose areas for locating temporary facilities
•Develop aprerilmenary plan for storage areas
•Examine the existing electrical ,water ,and other service utili
•Develop plan for site security
•Alert for condition on the site .
Note : site visits are generally the only way
that items of type described here can be taken
into account in the overall program .
Pcm must be able to communicate his on-site
knowledge to the designer ,the owner ,and his
own personal .
Local work practices and jurisdication:
Area construction practice
Equally important to the job –site investigation or even more
important is the investigation of the normal method of doing
business in the project local .it must be systematically review
the local condition and practices.
Local work practices and jurisdiction:
The professional construction manager handling a phased
construction program is constantly faced both with fitting his
construction packages to the design schedule and with tailoring
them to optimum size that will attract qualified contractor .
Labor cost productivity and availability :
1.Determine of craft productivity is difficult since it is varies considerably
from contractor and from trade to trade .
2.To obtain conclusion we must discussion local contractor and labor
union
personnel and inspection of several projects in the area .
3.Farming work packages to utilize the relatively permanent craft workers
can thus sometime have a significant economic benefit to the owner .
4.The manpower must be recruited by all contractor.
5.Key design decision can sometimes be influenced to change
specification.
6.Collective bargaining agreement for all crafts should be
obtained by the manager as early as possible .
-These agreement will be used in determining wage rates to be
used in estimate .
-Forecasting productivity by revealing the presence or absence
of restrictive work practic
Locally favored methods and material :
• If the designer un familiar with local condition ,
investigation of local favored method and material , and
there subsequent utilization where possible in the
specification , can significant reduce project cost .
•.It is very important investigation of local favored to
used more economical local material and methods.
Key local prices:
•Local price for standard items can be readily obtained..
•They are significant value in comparing alternative
methods as well as in making the fair cost estimating ,
such local price include ready mix concrete, sand
gravel ,lumber, reinforcing steel ,concrete blocks
- a precast concrete plant have developed standard
section that are very economical when compared with
other methods , put in other area the precast plant
cant available.
Local
contractors
•The pcm must be develop representative list of qualified
interested contractor for each proposed bid package .
•The list should be large enough to ensure competitive
•Pcm even if initially unfamiliar with the project area will
have developed local contact who can give valuable
information such union representatives ,contractor
association , local architects and engineers and many
other can give valuable assistance in prescreening
available contractor .
•Individual meetings with all interested contractor or by pcm is very important to
accomplish the following .
- Explain the overall program for the project include number of individual
bid packages.
- Review the preliminary procurement schedule and discussing the
approximate
- Determine the interests of the potential bidder
-Discuss trade jurisdiction as applied to the particular contractor
- Obtain required information on previous jobs completed by the contractor
if
Possible determine his present workload and obtain required financial
information.
•by comparing answer to questions from similar contractors ,he will also obtain
accurate picture of how the construction business is conducted in the area .
Establishment of project field office:
•The field office should be established in
advance of the award the first contract.
•The field construction manager will be the key
representative in all dealing with local people.
Preliminary estimate
•When the overall scope conceptual design evolved to the point where
the manager has a reasonable idea of the requirements of the owner
and the implementation program of the designer , preparation of a
preliminary estimate can proceed.
•the Preliminary estimate initially serves to check the design against
the owner original budget or appropriation .
•if the cost appear to be over budget alternative concepts can be
explored through the value –engineering program.
•the Preliminary estimate is also necessary for preparing a realistic
overall project schedule that forecast occupancy dates and specifies
completion schedules for individual construction contracts.
•the preliminary estimate forms the basis for cost control during design
and procurement.
Design and procurement schedules :
-The schedule for each proposed bid package must be prepared
showing the detailed design, specification period , package
review , bidding period and evaluation period.
-The schedule must be developed early and must be used by
designer ,owner and manager in performing their assigned tasks.
-Reasonable bid periods should be schedule by the manager.
-Most designer will prepare an overall design schedule.
-If the manager prepare the bid packages from plans and
specification furnished by the designer areview period by owner
and designer is equally
important
-This review period is generally the last chance to:
Avoid errors
Take advantages of recent knowledge
Avoid later plan changes which result additional costs.
-If sufficient time is planned from the beginning :
The schedules can be more easily met
More competitive bids will normally be received
-Reasonable period evaluation and award of each bid package
should therefore be included in the schedule. See figure 5-1
design and procurement schedule
Work packages :
After
PCM has become thoroughly familiar with the project local
Preliminary design schedule is developed
Preliminary estimate is completed.
-Bid package development is one of the most significant
contributions of the PCM
-Two of many important factor that influence in this process
Constraint economy
Design constraints.
1-CONSTRUCTION ECONOMY
The scope of packages should be designed to be of assize that
will prove most economical by stimulating competition that will
minimize overall cost by avoiding unnecessary tiers of
contractors and subcontractors.
2-DESIGN CONSTRANT
Design constraint will modify the content of bid packages in
balance will overall objectives.
VALUE. ENGINEERING PROGRAM:
-The value engineering program must be acceptable and practiced by all member of
the project team owner , designer and manager but the main role related to PCM.
-The function is analysis during all phases of program , especially in planning , design
,bidding award phase.
-Value engineering analysis consideration in three phases.
Conceptual phase
Detail design phase
Procurement phase.
Conceptual phase
-The manager and the designer can explore basic concept, and list
possible alternative solutions.
-If the PCM historical cost data tabulated , alternative comparable cost
estimate can be prepared quickly and economically .
Example
On one project ,a simple low cost study of precast double tee –wall
section , tilt up concrete slab ,and concrete block walls , showed that
the precast double tee walls less expensive and structurally equivalent
and more pleasing.
2-DETAIL DESIGN PHASE :
PCM will keep an up to date book , indexed by
Standard architectural specification section
Listing alternative materials and methods
Cost from previous jobs.
CONSTRUCTION PLANNING
1- TEMPORARY FACILITIES
-An important phase of construction planning is the
analyzing of temporary utilities and general conditions
required.
-Temporary utilities can be furnished by the owner, be
built into individual contract package or obtained from
others based on local practice and job site conditions.
- Successful CM have to visit the site (area) and
develop the knowledge and skills necessary to plan
temporary facilities requirements.
- Successful general contractors and CM have
developed the knowledge and skills necessary to
planning temporary facility requirements and perform
general conditions item in a manner most economical
for project.
- Each project is unique.
- CM most advantages is its flexibilities.
- CM must be able to assess the conditions and
problems as they develop and react without delay.
- The three parties must understand each others
responsibilities.
- An estimate of cash flow requirements for the project can be readily prepared from
preliminary estimate and from summery schedule.
- A simple cash flow projection based on prior planning can be prepared as a part of
control package.
- Net cash
estimate can be prepared taking into account investment income , retained
funds ,and the lag between billing and payment requirements.
- Public works are often funded by bond issues.
- Public agencies and most large owners can obtain funds at lower interest rate than
most contractors.
- Minimizing retained funds can often benefits owners in receiving lower bid prices by
minimizing contractor interest expense.
- General contractors, design construction ,developers and subcontractors use cash
flow schedules to determine the capital requirements for each project .
- The overall company cash flow projection is important in determining working capital
requirements for the firm and in setting up lines of credit to borrow funds at favorable
rates.
.
SUMMARY
- Planning must be based upon facts if project goals are to be achieved
- CM must understand the overall objective of the owner and overall
.
concepts of the designer
- Each area and locality has its own construction peculiarities.
- Program ,method and materials developed for certain sections of the
country are totally inappropriate For other localities because of the vastly
different condition that affect the work.
- In planning stage all portion of the project are developed in straightforward
and logical manner consistent with project knowledge and anticipated
condition
- Planning and design phase of construction project ,planning will include the
preparation of preliminary estimate and design , procurement and
construction schedules.
- Unanticipated events impact upon the project , the plan must be changed to
fulfill its primary function .
.
.
.
.
.