AP Euro-Lively
Unit 7: The Long Nineteenth Century
Chapters 23-25 Study Guide
Directions: Part I of the study guide is not required! These terms are provided so that you know who
is important and what concepts to know. While reading, pay attention to these people and terms as they
appear. While preparing for an essay/exam, be sure to know a basic description of each of these as well
as its significance to its historical context.
Part I Identifying Key Terms
Notable People
Castlereagh
Alexander I
Talleyrand
Henri de Saint-Simon
Charles Fourier
Louis Blanc
Joseph Proudhon
Karl Marx (Communist
Manifesto)
Georg Hegel
Ludwig von Beethoven
William Wordsworth
Victor Hugo
Eugene Delacroix
Charles X
Louis Philippe
Louis Napoleon
Jeremy Bentham
Louis Kossuth
Alexander Ypsilanti
Frederick William IV
Edwin Chadwick
Louis Pasteur
Robert Koch
Joseph Lister
Georges Haussmann
Michael Faraday
Auguste Comte
Charles Darwin
Emile Zola
Napoleon III
Guiseppe Mazzini
Count Camillo di Cavour
Guiseppe Garibaldi
Victor Emmanuel
Otto von Bismarck
Kaiser William I
Alexander II
Alexander III
Sergei Witte
Nicholas II
John Stuart Mill
Benjamin Disraeli
William Gladstone
Terms and Events
Romanticism
Conservatism
Dual Revolution
Liberalism
Nationalism
Socialism
Bourgeoisie
Proletariat
Corn Laws
Anti-Corn Law League
Battle of Peterloo
Great Famine
Revolutions of 1848
Holy Alliance
Marxian Socialism
Marx’s theory of historical
evolution
Frankfurt Assembly
Congress of Troppau
Louis XVIII’s
Constitutional Charter
Utilitarianism
Republicanism
Carlsbad Decrees
Schleswig-Holstein Question
National workshop
Bacterial revolution –
[miasmatic theory v. germ
theory]
natural selection
Second Industrial Revolution
realism
realpolitik
Austro-Prussian War
Franco-Prussian War
“Great Reforms”
Crimean War
Russo-Japanese War
“Bloody Sunday”
October Manifesto
Kulturkampf
Social Democrats
Paris Commune
Dreyfus Affair
Reform Bill of 1884
People’s Budget
Irish Home Rule
Dual Monarchy
Zionism
The 1st and 2nd Internationals
Revisionist Socialism
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Part II Review Questions
Directions: Check your understanding of this chapter by answering the following questions in AT
LEAST four-five well written and effective sentences each.
1. What is meant by the term “balance of power”? What methods were used by the Great
Powers of Europe to preserve the balance of power at the Congress of Vienna?
2. What are the tenets of classical liberalism? How did liberalism evolve throughout the first
half of the nineteenth century?
3. Define nationalism. What were its links to liberalism? Why were both radical philosophies
regarded as dangerous to Austrian Habsburg monarchs?
4. How did the Concert of Europe seek to maintain status quo during the “Age of Metternich”?
How was European participation in the Greek Revolt atypical of these attempts?
5. What are the goals of socialism? How did socialism evolve from a utopian to Marxist
critique of capitalism? In your answer, please refer to the difference between Utopian and
Marxist Socialism.
6. What is romanticism? What were its basic tenets, and what were the romantics rebelling
against? Provide specific examples of artists and their works!
7. Compare and contrast the political developments in Britain and France between 1814 and
1832.
8. Why in 1848 did revolution triumph briefly throughout most of Europe, and why did it fail
almost completely?
9. How did urban life change in the latter half of the nineteenth century, and what was
responsible for this change?
10. Analyze the common characteristics that united the broad middle classes in European
societies. What differences were seen among the various middle class groups?
11. Analyze the common characteristics that united the working classes in European societies.
What differences were seen among the various working class groups?
12. What was the social and economic position of women in the nineteenth century? Were they
better off than in preindustrial society?
13. What changed occurred in child care and the attitudes toward children in the nineteenth
century?
14. What was the Second Industrial Revolution, and in what ways did it transform life for the
general population of the late nineteenth century?
15. Why did a movement of realism replace romanticism after the Revolutions of 1848? How
was realism expressed in philosophy, science, politics, art, and literature?
16. How did Napoleon III, Cavour, and Bismarck represent a new breed of conservatism? Why
were they different from the reactionary conservatives, like Metternich, that came before
them? Provide at least one example for each leader!
17. Compare and contrast the unifications of Germany and Italy.
18. What is the “Eastern Question”? How did it contribute to the collapse of the Concert of
Europe?
19. What steps did Russia take towards modernization, and how did such reform contribute to
the growth of revolutionary activity in 1905?
20. Define the term “mass politics” and describe the effects of this phenomenon on the
European political scene.
21. Describe the reasons for the failure of radical socialism and the victory of evolutionary
socialism in Western Europe.
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22. How did early nineteenth century nationalism differ from late nineteenth century
nationalism? What effects did this evolution have upon international relations?
Part III Chronological Awareness
Directions: Place the following events in the correct chronological order. Provide the year of each
event. Since the events are given to you in a sequence that is out of chronological order, please
reorder the events correctly. In the event that one or more of the events listed below do not have a
single year in which it took place, provide the appropriate date ranges. Rewrite this list in the
correct chronological order, providing the year of the event, occurrence, or trend.
1. Marx and Engels, The Communist Manifesto
2. Congress of Troppau
3. Louis Philippe succeeds to the throne of France
4. Bloody Sunday
5. Louis Pasteur develops pasteurization
6. Austro-Prussian War
7. Louis Napoleon becomes Emperor Napoleon III
8. Dreyfus Affair
9. Repeal of the British Corn Laws
10. Emancipation of Russian Serfs
Part IV Multiple Choice Practice
Directions: Each of the questions or incomplete statements below is followed by five suggested
answers or completions. Select the one that is best in each case, and then write the letter and the
answer of your choice on your study guide.
1. The principle of legitimacy is shown in all of the following statements EXCEPT
a. The principle of legitimacy was important to the reactionary forces at the Congress of
Vienna.
b. The Decembrist Revolt put Alexander I on the Russian throne.
c. A Bourbon was returned to the French throne.
d. After the removal of Napoleon, the rightful king of Spain was returned to his throne.
e. Austria forced the return of monarchs to Italy.
2. Three of the major revolts in the 1830s, in Italy, Poland, and Belgium, had which fact or
outcome in common?
a. Each revolt was successful.
b. All three countries lost a bid to create a constitutional government.
c. Each of the three countries had just been taken over by one of the German states; they
were fighting against those states.
d. These three western European countries were fighting against eastern European powers.
e. Italy, Poland, and Belgium all fought for independence from a neighboring power.
3. Utopian socialists advocated all of the following EXCEPT
a. Overthrowing the owners of factories.
b. Following Christian principles to create an ideal socialist society.
c. Organizing workers into workshops.
d. Building communities for workers.
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e. Organizing workers by personality type and rotating their work.
4. According to Karl Marx, which best describes the relationship between the government and the
bourgeoisie?
a. The government ignored the needs of the bourgeoisie.
b. The government promoted the proletariat over the bourgeoisie.
c. The government distanced itself from the needs of the bourgeoisie.
d. The government represented the interests of the bourgeoisie.
e. The government attempted to overthrow the bourgeoisie.
5. All of the following were repercussions of the revolutions of 1848 during the ensuing two
decades EXCEPT
a. the creation of a liberal government in Piedmont.
b. the failure of some revolts because of a lack of coordination among the revolutionary
groups.
c. the independence of Poland from the large multinational Austrian Empire.
d. the creation of a constitutional government in France.
e. the recognition of Hungarian self-rule in the Austrian Empire.
6. The following statements about Otto von Bismarck are true EXCEPT
a. Bismarck was part of the landowning aristocracy of Prussia.
b. Bismarck was a leading proponent of Realpolitik.
c. Bismarck was a strong advocate of liberalism.
d. Bismarck was a shrewd diplomat who kept Germany from being isolated during
Prussia’s military conflicts.
e. Bismarck lured France into war with Prussia by editing a telegram from King William I.
7. Which statement best reflects the tsarist policies of Russia during the late nineteenth century?
a. The Russian government was eager to create a republican form of government.
b. The Russian tsar became a strong advocate for reform.
c. Political power was gradually transferred from the tsar to the zemstvos.
d. Russification allowed all adult males the right to vote.
e. Reformers were persecuted and tsarist power remained absolute.
8.
All of the following statements regarding the Kulturkampf are true EXCEPT
a. Bismarck abandoned the Kulturkampf in order to gain support from the Socialist
Democratic Party.
b. during the Kulturkampf, Bismarck received support from the liberals.
c. Bismarck distrusted Catholic loyalty to the new Germany.
d. Bismarck’s agenda proved counterproductive.
e. Bismarck abandoned the Kulturkampf in order to concentrate on attacking the socialists.
9. How did the Reform Bill of 1867 influence the Liberal and Conservative parties of Britain?
a. Both political parties went after the women’s vote.
b. Both political parties were forces to organize more effectively.
c. Both political parties sought the support of the monarchy.
d. Both political parties embraced socialism.
e. Both political parties advocated abolishing the House of Lords.
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10. Which of the following best describes the outcome of the Crimean War?
a. A defeated Russia retreats from European affairs
b. A victorious England becomes more active in European affairs
c. Germany seizes the opportunity to declare war on Italy
d. Russia establishes closer ties with Austria
e. The Ottoman Empire collapses due to its defeat
Note: Incomplete study guides will receive a 10 point penalty. This will not be allowed to be made
up via redo. Organize your time and work on your study guide a little bit at a time. Substantially
incomplete study guides will be graded, but considered late, and only allowed to be redone up to 25
points.
Study Guide Grading Rubric. 50 points.
Review Questions (20 points) - 4 questions will be selected at random from those above. Each will
be worth 5 points.
Multiple Choice (10 points) - This section is worth 10 points. 1 point will be deducted for each
incorrect response.
Chronology (10 points) - This section is worth 10 point. Points will be deducted for each incorrect
response.
Overall Completion (10 points) - 10 points will be awarded for completion of all questions and
parts.
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